Методическая разработка "Автопередачи и их разновидности"для студентов-механиков

Белгород , 2021

Методическая разработка дисциплины

«Иностранный язык» (английский)

по теме «Автопередачи, их разновидности» для студентов - механиков

Автор: Бочкова Светлана Александровна

Областное государственное автономное профессиональное образовательное учреждение

«Белгородский строительный колледж»

Методическая разработка

дисциплины «Иностранный язык»

(английский)

по теме «Автопередачи. Их разновидности» для студентов- механиков

Белгород

2021

Одобрена «Утверждаю»

Предметной (цикловой) Зам. директора по УМР

Комиссией Петрова Н.В.

Председатель ЦК « » ______2021г.

Игнатенко Н.А.

« » 2021г.

Автор: Бочкова С.А.- преподаватель ОГАПОУ «Белгородский строительный колледж»

Рецензент:

Заместитель директора и преподаватель ОГАПОУ «БСК» Петрова Н.В.

Настоящая учебно-методическая разработка «Автопередачи. Их разновидности» предназначена для работы студентов 4 курса специальности

«Техническое обслуживание и ремонт автомобильного транспорта». Взятые для разработки тексты из учебных пособий «Английский язык для студентов автомобилестроительных специальностей» В.А. Шляховой, «Английский для технических ВУЗов» И.П. Агабекяна являются основной частью учебного материала, изучаемого студентами по данной теме, и рассчитан на 6 часов (или на 3 учебные занятия). Так как упомянутые пособия предназначены для изучения на 4 курсе, поэтому считаю, что нижеуказанные тексты с последующими упражнениями соответствуют уровню подготовки студентов.

Начиная работу, хочу отметить, что тексты профессионально направлены, и, естественно, без знаний физики общеобразовательного курса и специальных предметов могут возникнуть языковые трудности и трудности перевода. Во избежание этих трудностей предусмотрена поэтапная работа с текстами, ряд упражнений и заданий для их последовательного разбора по частям, а также выявления сути и краткого изложения на изучаемом языке.

Учебно-методическое пособие включает в себя:

• тексты «Gear», «Simple Gears», «Hellical Gears»;

• список лексики, которую необходимо знать студентам и использовать в речи;

• грамматические упражнения.

Послетекстовые задания полностью составлены автором разработки. Применение данной разработки на практике помогает решить поставленные задачи, а именно:

• развивать навыки чтения текста и его понимание;

• использовать навык чтения изучающего и поискового характера;

• развивать диалогическую и монологическую речь;

• развивать логическое мышление студентов;

• закреплять грамматические навыки, полученные в процессе обучения. Материал пособия рассчитан на среднего студента, а при надлежащем изучении доступен пониманию и мышлению каждого из студентов, находящемся на 4 курсе обучения в среднем профессиональном учебном заведении. Разработка соответствует установкам программы по английскому языку, а последовательность подобранных заданий имеет логическую направленность, соответствующую логике развития данной отрасли.

Преподаватель Бочкова С.А.

Gear is a toothed wheel or cylinder used to transmit rotary or reciprocating motion from one part of a machine to another. Two or more gears, transmitting motion from one shaft to another, constitute a gear train. At one time various mechanisms were collectively called gearing. Now, however, gearing is used only to describe systems of wheels or cylinders with meshing (постоянное зацепление) teeth. Gearing is chiefly used to transmit rotating motion, but can, with suitable designed

gears and flat-toothed sectors, be employed to transform reciprocating motion into rotating motion, and vice versa.

The simplest gear is the spur (зубчатая) gear, a wheel with teeth cut across its edge parallel to the axis. Spur gears transmit rotating motion between two shafts or other parts with parallel axes. In simple spur gearing, the driven shaft revolves in the opposite direction to the driving shaft. If rotation in

the same direction is desired, an idler gear (паразитная) is placed between the driving gear and the driven gear. The idler revolves in the opposite site direction to the driving gear and therefore turns the driven gear in the same direction as the driving gear. In any form of gearing the speed of the driven shaft depends on the number of teeth in each gear. A gear with 10 teeth driving a gear with 20 teeth will

revolve twice as fast as the gear it is driving, and a 20-tooth gear driving a 10- tooth gear will revolve at half the speed. By using a train of several gears, the ratio of driving to driven speed may be varied within wide limits.

Internal, or annual, gears are variations of the spur gear in which the teeth are cut on the inside of a ring or flanged wheel rather than on the outside. Internal gears usually drive or are driven by a pinion, a small gear with few teeth. A rack, a flat, toothed bar that moves in a straight line, operates like a gear wheel with an infinite radius and can be used to transform the rotation of a pinion to reciprocating motion, or vice versa.

Bevel gears (конические передачи) are employed to transmit rotation between shafts that do not have parallel axes. These gears have cone-shaped bodies and straight teeth. When the angle between the rotating shafts is 90º, the bevel gears used are

called mitre gears.

III. These gears have teeth that are not parallel to the axis of the shaft but are spiraled around the shaft in the form of a helix. Such gears are suitable for heavy loads because the gear teeth come together at an acute angle rather than at 90º as in spur gearing. Simple helical gearing has the disadvantage of producing a thrust that tends to move the gears along their respective shafts. This thrust can be avoided by using double helical, or herringbone, gears, which have V-shaped teeth composed of half a right-handed helical tooth and half a left-

handed tooth. Hypoid gears are helical bevel gears employed when the axes of the two shafts are perpendicular but do not intersect. One of the most common uses of hypoid gearing is to connect the drive shaft and the rear axle in motor cars. Helical gearing used to transmit rotation between shafts that are not parallel is often incorrectly called spiral gearing. Another variation of helical gearing is provided by the worm gear, also called the screw gear. A worm gear is a long, thin cylinder that has one or more continuous helical teeth that mesh with a helical gear. Worm gears differ from helical gears in that the teeth of the worm slide across the teeth of the driven gear instead of exerting a direct rolling

pressure. Worm gears are used chiefly to transmit rotation, with a large reduction in speed, from one shaft to another at a 90º angle.

1. 1. Gear – передача, шестерня;

2. rotary or reciprocating motion вращательно-поступающее

1. axis – ось;

движение;

1. constitute – составлять, основывать;

2. collectively – в совокупности;

3. chiefly – главным образом; 6. flat-toothed – плоскозубый;

1. vice versa – наоборот.

1. 1. cut across - скошенные;

1. the driven shaft / the driving shaft – ведомый /ведущий вал;

2. direction – направление;

3. idler – техн. холостой ход;

4. ratio - соотношение;

5. a pinion – шестерня;

6. rack bar - техн. плоский стержень, прут;

7. an infinite radius – большой радиус;

8. an angle – угол;

9. mitre gears - техн. шестерни,

расположенные под углом 45º.

1. 1. a helix – спираль;

8. slide – скользить;

1. an acute angle – острый угол;

2. the disadvantage – недостаток;

3. a thrust – тяга;

4. can be avoided – можно избежать;

5. herringbone – «ёлочка», расположение зубьев;

6. a right-handed / a left-handed tooth – право-

/ леворасположенный зубец;

1. exerting – приложение или напряжение сил;

2. reduction – сокращение, уменьшение скорости.

1. Put the proper words. Translate the sentences marked with * into Russian.

   1. Gear is a toothed wheel or cylinder used to transmit ….

   2. *Two or more gears, transmitting motion from one shaft to another ….

   3. *Gearing is chiefly used to transmit rotating motion, but can, with suitable …. .

   4. Gearing is used only to describe systems …. .

   5. In simple spur gearing, the driven shaft …. .

   6. *The idler revolves in the opposite site direction to the driving gear …. .

1. By using a train of several gears, the ratio of driving to driven speed …. .

2. Such gears are suitable for heavy loads because …. .

3. *Hypoid gears are helical bevel gears employed when the axes of the two shafts ….

4. *Worm gears differ from helical gears in that the teeth of the worm …. .

4) …. constitute a gear train.

1. …. of wheels or cylinders with meshing (постоянное зацепление) teeth.

2. …. rotary or reciprocating motion from one part of a machine to another.

3. …. and therefore turns the driven gear in the same direction as the driving gear.

1. …. designed gears and flat-toothed sectors, be employed to transform reciprocating motion into rotating motion, and vice versa.

2. …. revolves in the opposite direction to the driving shaft.

3. …. are perpendicular but do not intersect.

4. …. the gear teeth come together at an acute angle rather than at 90º as in spur gearing.

5. …. may be varied within wide limits.

1. …. slide across the teeth of the driven gear instead of exerting a direct rolling pressure.

1. Find the given words in the dictionary. Find their proper translation in the sentences below:

1. edge, rotation, number, half, a ring, line

1. The simplest gear is the spur (зубчатая) gear, a wheel with teeth

cut across its edge parallel to the axis. 2. If rotation in the same direction is desired, an idler gear (паразитная) is placed between the driving gear and the driven gear. 3. In any form of gearing the speed of the driven shaft depends on the number of teeth in each gear. 4. A gear with 10 teeth driving a gear with 20 teeth will revolve twice as fast as the gear it is driving, and a 20-tooth gear driving a 10-tooth gear will revolve at half the speed.

1. Internal, or annual, gears are variations of the spur gear in which the teeth are cut on the inside of a ring or flanged wheel rather than on the outside.

2. Toothed bar that moves in a straight line, operates like a gear wheel with an infinite radius and can be used to transform the rotation of a pinion to reciprocating motion.

1. loads (N), tends (V), double (Adj), perpendicular (Adj), intersect (V), common (Adj), worm (N)

1. Such gears are suitable for heavy loads because the gear teeth come together at an acute angle rather than at 90º as in spur gearing. 2. Simple helical gearing has the disadvantage of producing a thrust that tends to move the gears along their respective shafts. 3. This thrust can be avoided by using double helical, or herringbone, gears. 4. Helical bevel gears employed when the axes of the two shafts are perpendicular but do not intersect. 5. One of the most common uses of hypoid gearing is to connect the drive shaft and the rear axle in motor cars. 6. Worm gears differ from helical gears.

1. Consulting a dictionary, define the underlined parts of speech as: N, V, Adj, Adv.

1. At one time various mechanisms were collectively called gearing.

2. Spur gears transmit rotating motion between two shafts or other parts with parallel axes.

3. In any form of gearing the speed of the driven shaft depends on the number of teeth in each gear

4. The ratio of driving to driven speed may be varied within wide limits.

1. These gears have teeth that are not parallel to the axis of the shaft but are spiraled around the shaft in the form of a helix.