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Васильцова Виктория Викторовна

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Методические рекомендации по работе с текстами для студентов 1,2 курса специальности 40.02.01 Право и организация социального обеспечения

Категория: Английский язык

28.03.2021 11:48

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«Методические рекомендации по работе с текстами для студентов 1,2 курса специальности 40.02.01 Право и организация социального обеспечения»

Министерство образования и науки Хабаровского края

Краевое государственное бюджетное

профессиональное образовательное учреждение

«Хабаровский колледж отраслевых технологий и сферы обслуживания»

Методические рекомендации по работе с текстами для студентов 1,2 курса специальности 40.02.01 Право и организация социального обеспечения

Хабаровск

2020

Рассмотрено на заседании

ЦК _______________

«___» _______ 2020

Протокол №_____

Председатель ________

/Байдалова Е.Г./

Утверждаю

Зам. директора по УР

___________

/Вардугина Л.И/

«___» _______ 2020/

Разработчик:

Васильцова В. В., преподаватель краевого государственного бюджетного профессионального образовательного учреждения «Хабаровский колледж отраслевых технологий и сферы обслуживания»

Рецензенты:

Костина А.М., заведующая учебно-методическим центром КГБ ПОУ «Хабаровский колледж отраслевых технологий и сферы обслуживания»

Содержание

Пояснительная записка	4
Тема №1. Этикет делового общения	5
Тема №2. Переговоры.	8
Тема №3. Телефонные переговоры	11
Тема №4. Презентация	14
Тема №5. Кафе, ресторан, этикет	16
Тема №6. Закон.	19
Тема №7. Суды. Тема №8. Документооборот, виды документов. Тема№9. Договор предоставления услуг. Тема №10. Социальная работа. Тема№11. Декларация прав человека. Тема №12. Политическая система в России, Великобритании и США Тема №13. Социальная работа в России. Тема №14. Социальная система в Великобритании. Тема №15. Социальная система в Канаде. Тема №16. Здравоохранение Тема №17. Служба по оказанию социальной помощи.	22
Список использованных источников:	49

Пояснительнаязаписка

Методические рекомендации по работе с текстами разработана для студентов для студентов 1,2 курса специальности 40.02.01 Право и организация социального обеспечения краевого государственного бюджетного профессионального образовательного учреждения «Хабаровский колледж отраслевых технологий и сферы обслуживания» (далее – Колледж) и преподавателей с целью повышения качества учебно-методического обеспечения реализуемых образовательных программ.

Актуальность методической разработки обусловлена сложностью изучаемых технических текстов для обучающихся, а также отсутствием учебно-методической литературы.

В данной учебно-методической разработке подобранна профессионально ориентированная лексика, что соответствует требованиям ФГОС СПО. При изучении представленных тем у обучающихся повышается мотивация, уровень владения иностранным языком в области профессиональной деятельности, качество знаний.

Данная разработка рекомендуется для использования в учреждениях СПО.

Тема 1. Этикет делового общения

Лексикапо теме:

Let’sstartwith… — Давайте начнём с…
The first item on the agenda is… — Первыйпунктповесткидня…
Beforewemoveon, weshould… — Прежде чем мы продолжим, мы должны…
Whatisthemainproblem? — В чём заключается главная проблема?
As I see it, the most important thing is… — Намойвзгляд, самоеважное…
Whatdoyoumeanby… — Что вы подразумеваете под…
I don’tquitefollowyou. — Я не вполне вас понял.
Whatshouldwedoaboutit? — Как нам следует с этим поступить?
Doesanyonehaveanycomments? — У кого-нибудь есть комментарии?
Does everyone agree on that? — Всесэтимсогласны?
I agree/I disagree. — Я согласен/Я не согласен.
I suggest that… — Япредлагаю…
Youhave a goodpoint. — Вы привели веский аргумент.
So, we’ve decided to… — Итак, мырешили…
Itwasnicemeetingyou. — Я был рад встретиться с вами.
I’m sorry, but I have to go now. — Простите, номнеужепора.
Thank you for the your time. — Спасибозауделённое время.
I’ll give you a call. — Явампозвоню.
How do I get in touch with you? — Какмнесвамисвязаться?
Let me give you my business card. — Яоставлювамсвоювизитку.
Here’s my e-mail / office number. — Вотмой e-mail / рабочийномер.
We’llbeintouch. — Мы будем на связи.

Задание 1.Выполнитьпереводтекста:

Rules of good business communication in English

First of all though, what does business etiquette mean? Here is one definition:

Business etiquette is a set of manners that is accepted or required in a profession. Often upheld by custom, it is enforced by the members of an organisation. Those who violate business etiquette are considered offensive. The penalty for such behaviour frequently lies in the disapproval of other organisation members.

Business etiquette is important because it creates a professional, mutually respectful atmosphere and improves communication, which helps an office serve as a productive place. People feel better about their jobs when they feel respected, and that translates into better customer relationships as well. (Source)

Here are 12 universal etiquette rules I believe we should all follow no matter where we work.

1. Introduce others

Always introduce people to others when the opportunity arises. I don’t know how many times I’ve been in a social work event with a group of people and have had to wait to be introduced. It felt so uncomfortable and I felt undervalued. If you want to make people feel valued, no matter how junior or senior, always introduce them to the others in a group.

2. Handshakes

A handshake is still the professional standard. It shows you’re polite, confident and approachable. But please make sure it’s a firm handshake. There’s nothing worse than a limp (soft) handshake. It tells the other person you’re weak and gives the completely wrong idea about you.

3. Always say ‘please’ and ‘thank you’.

This is a basic form of courtesy especially when dealing with English native speaking countries. Sending a thank you email is very acceptable (for example, after a business lunch or a job interview) and, if you can, a handwritten thank you note is a nice touch (gesture).

4. Don’t interrupt

You know the situation. You’re in a meeting and you can’t wait to give your opinion that you don’t allow your colleague to finish before interrupting them. Not only is that rude, it shows disrespect towards your colleague. It gives all the wrong signs about you. Remember, in business we want to be assertive, not aggressive.

5. Watch your language

Choose your words carefully and wisely. Rude and offensive language is never acceptable but neither is slang especially when communicating with clients and customers.

6. Double check before you hit send

Native and non-native speakers of English alike, we should all proofread and edit what we write in emails before we hit that send button. Grammar and spelling mistakes are not acceptable in formal emails with clients. Always have a quick read of what you’ve written to make sure that your meaning and tone are what you wish to express. And no smileys!

7. Don’t walk into someone’s office unannounced

This shows disrespect to the person. Always knock on the door or if the door is open, poke you head and ask if it’s ok to enter. Don’t just enter. This may sound logical but you’ll be surprised how many people forget this basic courtesy.

8. Don’t eavesdrop (listen in)

Everyone is entitled (deserves) to have their private conversations either face to face or on the phone. The same goes for email; don’t stand over someone shoulders while they’re writing an email and read it. I used to hate it when people did that.

9. Acknowledge others

When someone approaches you, wave your hand or nod your head. Don’t ignore them. If you’re in the middle of something. it’s ok to wait for you to finish before you talk to them. You could say something like “I’ll be with you in just a second/minute” to acknowledge them. If you pass someone and you’re rushing to get somewhere, a quick wave and hello is all you need. Busyness is not an excuse to ignore people.

10. Be on time

I’ve written about this before and this can be seen differently depending on cultures. In the UK, for example, being punctual (on time) is important. It shows that you value the other person’s time. Being late does not mean you’re busier; it only shows you to be inconsiderate.

11. No phone during meetings

It drives me insane when I see people taking calls, checking their emails or What’s App messages during meetings. If you’re expecting an urgent call during the meeting, be sure to inform the participants in the meeting so they know what to expect. Otherwise, hide that phone!

12. Show genuine interest

Nothing shows more respect than when you show interest in the person who’s talking to you. Good eye contact and actively listening to them tell them that you value what they have to say.

Тема 2.Переговоры.

Лексика по теме:

1. Shall we get started? Начнем?

2 It’s time we got down to business. Пораприступитькделу.

3 First of all, I’d like to welcome our guest. Прежде всего, я бы хотел/-а поприветствовать нашего гостя.

4 Firstly, I’d like to thank you all for coming. Сначала я хочу поблагодарить всех вас за то, что пришли.

5 Has everyone read the minutes of the last meeting? Все прочитали протокол последнего совещания/встречи?

6 There are some urgent points on today’s agenda. В повестке совещания/встречи у нас несколько срочных вопросов.

7 Why don’t we deal with the urgent matters first? Почему бы нам не заняться сначала срочными вопросами?

8 We can then move on to the less pressing matters. Затем мы сможем перейти к менее срочным вопросам.

9 How does that sound to you? Каквамтакойвариант?

10 I suggest we tackle point 5 first. Предлагаюсначалаобсудитьпункт 5.

11 Does that meet with everyone’s approval? Всесэтимсогласны?

12 Alternatively, we could proceed according to the agenda. Либо бы можем продолжить обсуждение согласно повестке совещания/встречи.

Задание 1. Выполнитьпереводтекста:

The art of negotiations

You get a job or try to negotiate with a taxi driver about the price. Two lawyers try to solve the disputed case on the division of the property of clients. A group of trading companies divide the market. A city official meets with representatives of municipal transport in order to prevent a strike. All these examples of negotiation. Although the whole life consists of continuous negotiations, few people are able to lead them "professionally". So what are negotiations? What do they consist of? What are the rules for preparing negotiations?

So:

1. Before the meeting clearly formulate the goal of the negotiations for yourself. Sometimes it can be presented in three versions: in the form of the most desirable, acceptable and undesirable outcome of the negotiations. Optimal to think over the strategy of their behavior in each of these cases.

2. Observe the time-limit. Before the beginning of any negotiations, it is important to have time-limit that set the time for negotiations or the time of each colleague's speech.

3. Assign negotiations in a decent place. No office? Let it be a good coffee house. Strange, but often this rule is neglected. The place where you propose to meet, already characterizes you.

4. Think over your wardrobe. Your appearance will dictate the attitude of the interlocutor to you. And not only in the first minutes, but, sooner and later. If you are not well versed in fashion, then do not strive to impress. Dress just and neatly, in what you will be comfortable with.

5. From the beginning to the end of the meeting, maintain a positive attitude. Believe me, this dramatically increases the probability of a positive outcome for you. Smile. It is not strained, of course, but sincerely.

6. In the beginning of the conversation, give the interviewee a business card and tell about yourself and your company. Briefly, but clearly. After that…

7. ... go smoothly to why you wanted to hold this meeting. Formulate your thoughts very accurately and concisely. If the intelligibility is not your hobby, consider and prepare some summary in advance.

8. When completing the conversation, clearly formulate and voice the resume. Type: "... then we have agreed on this and that, I'll send you such and such documents and call on Friday ...". The negotiations should have a clear result.

Ability to successfully negotiate can be developed, most importantly - do not be afraid to learn.

And the main teacher is your own negotiating practice.

Задание 2. Выполните практические задания к тексту

Подберите к словам из левой графы русские эквиваленты, помещённые в правой графе, опираясь на содержание текста:

time-limit	цена
Lawyer	Внешний вид
behavior	искренне
price	регламент
goal	визитка
outcome	кратко
appearance	юрист
sincerely	мысли
conversation	заранее
business card	поведение
Briefly	способность
thoughts	успешно
in advance	разговор
Ability	цель
successfully	итог

Дайтепереводсловосочетаний

1. получатьработу

2. разделимущества

3. предотвратить забастовку

4. стратегия поведения

5. формулировать цель переговоров

6. нежелательный исход переговоров

7. обдумать стратегию поведения

8. назначать переговоры

Определите, какое из выше перечисленных высказываний является:

а) верным, б) ложным, в) в тексте нет такой информации

1. It is not necessary to think over the strategy of their behavior

2. You should to observe the time-limit

3. The place where you propose to meet, already characterizes you.

4. Positive attitude dramatically get lower the probability of a positive outcome for you.

5.Give the interviewee a business card in the end of the conversation

6. You should meet with your partners two or better three times to achieve better results

Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

In what kind of situations we negotiate?
When you should to formulate the goal of the negotiations?
Why do you need to assign negotiations in a decent place?
What should you do in the end of conversation?

Тема 3.Телефонные переговоры

Лексика по теме:

Could I speakto ... please? – Не мог бы я поговорить с …?

I'dliketospeakto ... – Я бы хотел поговорить с …

I'm trying to contact ... – Япытаюсьсвязатьсяс …

I am calling to discuss … – Язвонюобсудить …

I am calling to find out… – Язвонювыяснить…

Holdthelineplease. – Побудьте на связи, пожалуйста.

Couldyouholdonplease? – Не могли бы вы побыть на линии?

Just a moment please. – Однуминуту, пожалуйста.

I'm calling from the sales department. – Я звонюизотделапродаж.

I'm calling on behalf of … – Я звонюпопоручению …

Задание 1. Перевеститекст:

Successfultelephoning

Phone calls can often be challenging in your own language, but when you’re speaking a foreign language they are even more difficult. There’s no body language to help you, the audio quality is not always perfect, and there is more time pressure than in a face-to-face conversation. Below are some tips to make telephoning in English less stressful

1. If you have to make a difficult phone call, spend a few minutes preparing first. Think about what you want from the phone call. What might the other person say? Make notes of English phrases you can use during the call.

2.Try to relax. Make sure you have enough time for the call, and don’t hurry. It’s better to have a successful ten-minute call than an unsuccessful five-minute call.

3.Sometimes receiving an unexpected call can be very stressful. To give yourself some time to prepare for the call, you might want to tell a ‘white lie’ (I’m sorry,

I’m actually in a meeting right now. Can I call you back in ten minutes? ) and call back when you feel more confident.

4. It’s important to make a little small talk with the other person before you talk business, but don’t spend too long chatting. Get to the point of the call quickly. If you’re talking to a native English speaker, listen for words like well so, and anyway –these are signals that it’s time to talk business.

5.Speak more slowly and at a lower pitch than you would during a face-to-face conversation. It makes you sound confident, helps the other person to understand you, and calms you down if you are nervous.

6.Don’t be afraid to ask a caller to repeat something ( I’m sorry, I still didn’t catch that. Could you say it again more slowly? ). It’s better for the caller to repeat a piece of information five times than for you to write down the wrong information.

7.Smile! Although it sounds strange, the other person can hear if you are smiling – it makes your voice sound friendlier.

Задание 2. Выполнить практические задания к тексту:

confident	звучать
foreign	слишком
anyway	испытание
repeat	улавливать (понимать)
Although	Свой собственный
tip	давление
voice	болтовня
sound	неверный
hear	повторить
too	уверенный
catch	В любом случае
challenge	совет
own	хотя
pressure	иностранный
chatting	голос
wrong	слышать

Дайтепереводсловосочетаний:

язык тела
качество звука
разговор с глазу на глаз
потратить пару минут на подготовку
делать
ложь во благо
перейти к теме разговора
часть информации
незапланированный звонок
перезванивать

Определите, какое из выше перечисленных высказываний является:

а) верным, б) ложным, в) в тексте нет такой информации

1) When you’re speaking a foreign language Phone calls can be even more difficult.

2) This text is about negotiation the contract

3) Make notes of English phrases you can use during the call.

4) To tell a ‘white lie’ is sometimes useful for you to prepare for the call

5) You should not ask a caller to repeat something (it is not polite)

Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

1) Why do you need to smile during the conversation?

2) Why it is useful ask to repeat some information?

3) What makes your voice sound confident?

4) What signals are there those shows you that it’s time to talk business?

5) In what cases you have to tell a ‘white lie’?

Тема 4.Презентация

Лексикапотеме:

Let me introduce myself. My name is…	Разрешите представиться. Меня зовут …
It is my pleasure to speak to such distinguished audience.	Я с удовольствием выступаю перед такой исключительной аудиторией.
I’d like to talk about…	Я хотел бы поговорить о …
The subject of my talk / presentation is…	Темой моего доклада / моей презентации является …
I’d like to inform you about …	Мне хотелось бы проинформировать вас о …
The subject can be considered under the following headings…	Тему можно рассмотреть по следующим пунктам …
Firstly / In the first part…	Во-первых / В первой части…
Secondly / Then in the second part…	Во-вторых / Во второй части…
Thirdly / Finally in the third part…	В-третьих / Наконец, в третьей части…

I shall take…minutes of your time.	Я займу…вашего времени.
I’d be glad to answer any questions at the end of my talk.	Я с удовольствием отвечу на ваши впросы в конце доклада.
Now let’s move to the next part of my talk, which is about…	Перейдем к следующей части моего доклада, которая посвящена…
So first/To begin with…/Let’s start with…	Итак ,во-первых/Для начала…/Начнем с…
Let’s move to the next part, which is…	Перейдем к следующей части, которая касается …
That brings me to…/ So now we come to…	Таким образом, переходим к…
I’d like to end by emphasizing the main point(s).	Мне хотелось бы закончить, подчеркнув главные моменты.

Задание 1. Выполнитепереводтекста

Giving effective presentations

The prospect of giving a presentation fills some people with dread, while others relish the experience. However you feel, presenting your work to an audience is a vital part of professional life for researchers and academics. Presentations are a great way to speak directly to people who are interested in your field of study, to gather ideas to push your projects forward, and to make valuable personal connections.

Tip 1: Know your audience

The first and most important rule of presenting your work is to know your audience members. If you can put yourself in their shoes and understand what they need, you'll be well on your way to a successful presentation. Keep the audience in mind throughout the preparation of your presentation.

By identifying the level of your audience and your shared knowledge, you can provide an appropriate amount of detail when explaining your work. For example, you can decide whether particular technical terms and jargon are appropriate to use and how much explanation is needed for the audience to understand your research. You can also decide how to handle acronyms and abbreviations. For example, NMR, HMQC, and NOESY might be fine to use without definition for a room full of organic chemists, but you might want to explain these terms to other types of chemists or avoid this level of detail altogether for a general audience.

It can be difficult to gauge the right level of detail to provide in your presentation, especially after you have spent years immersed in your specific field of study. If you will be giving a talk to a general audience, try practicing your presentation with a friend or colleague from a different field of study. You might find that something that seems obvious to you needs additional explanation

Tip 2: Create a clear, logical structure

Next, you'll need to think about creating a clear, logical structure that will help your audience understand your work. You're telling a story, so give it a beginning, middle, and end.

To start, it can be helpful to provide a brief overview of your presentation, which will help your audience follow the structure of your presentation. Then, in your introduction, get everyone "on the same page" (i.e., provide them a shared reference point) by giving them a concise background to your work. Don't swamp them with detail, but make sure they have enough information to understand both what your research is about and why it is important (e.g., how it aims to fill a gap in the research or answer a particular problem in the field). By making the foundation of your research clear in the introduction, your audience should be better able to follow the details of your research and your subsequent arguments about its implications.

In the main part of the presentation, talk about your work: what you did, why you did it, and what your main findings were. This is like the Methods and Results sections of a manuscript. Keep a clear focus on what is important and interesting to your audience. Don't fall into the trap of feeling that you have to present every single thing that you did.

Finally, summarize your main results and discuss their meaning. This is your opportunity to give the audience a strong take-home message and leave a lasting impression. When crafting your take-home message, ask yourself this: If my audience remembers one thing from my talk, what do I want it to be?

When you are considering how long each section should be, it is helpful to remember that the attention of the audience will usually wane after 15–20 minutes, so for longer talks, it's a good idea to keep each segment of your presentation to within this amount of time. Switching to a new section or topic can re-engage people's interest and keep their attention focused.

. Write for your specific readers: consider shared knowledge

Visual materials, probably in the form of PowerPoint slides, are likely to be a vital part of your presentation. It is crucial to treat the slides as visual support for your audience, rather than as a set of notes for you.

A good slide might have around three clear bullet points on it, written in note form. If you are less confident speaking in English, you can use fuller sentences, but do not write your script out in full on the slide.

As a general rule, avoid reading from your slides; you want the audience to listen to you instead of reading ahead. Also, remember that intonation can be 'flattened' by reading, and you don't want to put the audience to sleep. However, if you need to rely on some written text to explain some difficult points and calm your nerves, make sure you pause and look at the audience between these points; then go back to talking and not reading the next slide.Using clean texts, darker-colored text on lighter-colored backgrounds, and presenting data as figures instead of complete sentences results in easier-to-comprehend slides

Ideally, the slides should focus on relevant visual material, such as diagrams, microscope images, or chemical structures. A good diagram can be far easier for people to understand than words alone. Make sure that you point to the slides as you talk. This will help guide the audience's attention to the correct part of the slide, and can keep them engaged with what you are explaining.

Make sure your visual materials are easy to read. Use dark lettering on a pale background for maximum visibility; pale lettering on a dark background can be difficult to read. Choose a standard clear font, like Arial or Times New Roman, and make sure that the size is large enough to be seen from the back of the room. Lay out the slides so that the elements are properly spaced. It is better to split a slide into two or three separate slides instead of overfilling one slide. Although your time is limited, your number of slides is not!

Remember that you are not writing a manuscript, so you don't have to use complete sentences. On your slides, verbs (especially "be" verbs) can be omitted. An example is shown in the figure.

Tip 4: Talk in "spoken English" style, not in "written English" style

The style of spoken English is quite different from that of written English. If you are preparing your script from text in a research paper, you will need to change the style of the written phrases into that of spoken phrases.

The written English we read in research papers often has a very formal style, using complex vocabulary and grammatical structures. This level of complexity is possible because readers can take their time reading papers to understand the content fully and can look up unfamiliar words or grammatical phrases as needed. This is not possible when listening to spoken English, when the audience hears your point once and fleetingly (this is why brief text and images on your slides can help convey your message fully).

Tip 5: Practice your presentation and practice again!

Public speaking is the part of presentations that most people dread. Although it might not be possible to get over your nerves completely, good preparation and practice will give you confidence. Most confident speakers do lots of preparation and use notes well.

After you've written your script, practice and learn is—not so that you learn to say it by rote, but so that it will become easier to remember the important points to say, the links between the points (to maintain the flow of your 'story'), and the words and phrases that express your points clearly.

One way that we at ThinkSCIENCE can help you with this is through our audio recording service, in which a native speaker records your script at your chosen speed (native speed, slightly slower, or considerably slower). You can then use the recording to practice pronunciation, intonation, and pacing.

Again, if possible, try to avoid reading directly from your slides or script. Once you know your script, you can make a simple set of notes to jog your memory. If you are speaking instead of just reading, you can better engage with your audience and capture their attention.

Leave yourself adequate time to practice your presentation with your notes and slides. Check your timing, remembering that you might speak a little faster if you are nervous, and that you will need to account for changing slides and pointing at visual material.

As you rehearse, you will probably notice some words that are awkward to say, particularly if English is not your first language. Check pronunciation with a reliable source, such as www.howjsay.com, an online dictionary, or a native speaker, and then practice to avoid stumbling and putting yourself off during the presentation.

Practice can help you feel more comfortable with your material and more confident to present it to others.

Тема 5. Кафе, ресторан, этикет

Лексикапотеме:

The menu, please. Меню, пожалуйста.

Can I have the menu? Можномнеменю?

Could I see the menu, please? Могу я посмотреть меню, пожалуйста?

I am not ready yet. Я еще не готов. (ответ официанту на вопрос «Готовы ли Вы сделать заказ?»)

Yes, I am ready. Да, я готов.

I will have... Я буду...

I would like... Я быхотел...

Can I have... Можномне...

What is this dish? Что это за блюдо?

Iwilltakethis. Я возьму это.

I would like the set lunch. Я бы хотел комплексный обед.

For starters I will have the salad and for the main course I would like a steak. Для начала я хотел бы салат, а в качестве основного блюда — стейк.

What do you recommend? ЧтоВырекомендуете?

What are your specialties? Какие у Васфирменныеблюда?

Thank you for the recommendation. Спасибо за рекомендации.

Thesteakforme, please Мне стейк, пожалуйста.

Rare/medium/welldone. С кровью/средней прожарки/прожаренный.

I would like fries with that. Я бы хотел жареную картошку к этому блюду.

I would prefer vegetables. Я быпредпочеловощи.

Could I see the wine list, please? Могу я посмотреть карту вин?

I would like red wine. Я бы хотел красного вина.

Do you have wine by the glass? Вы подаете вино на разлив?

Nothing else, thank you. Большеничего, спасибо.

Nothing more, thank you. Большеничего, спасибо.

I am full, thank you. Я сыт, спасибо.

Задание 1. Выполнитепереводтекста

The recipe an ideal business lunch meeting

The recipe for a successful business meeting combined with lunch can seem simple. "Let's discuss everything at dinner," you may say to the client or partner. You agree,assign date and place of the meeting. Sounds simple enough. But this simplicity is deceptive.

The most common mistake during a business lunch is a rude attitude to the staff. Among other common mistakes, it can be noted:

delay;

bad manners at the table;

too informal clothes.

What else can negatively affect the results of a business lunch? Below are 4 errors that can be prevented.

1. Choosing the wrong restaurant.

Choosing a restaurant is a simple task only at first glance. Some of them are simply not suitable for business lunches. Slow service, awkward waiters, spilling coffee on the guests' jackets, poor quality of food - all this will somehow affect the negotiations that you have to hold. Therefore, choose the restaurant thoroughly.

No less important is the knowledge of the preferences of the future interlocutor. Here you can not invent the secret ways of obtaining information and not search for secret agents. Just ask the client / partner about his culinary preferences. Agree, it will be incorrect to invite a person suffering from an allergy to seafood in a fish restaurant. It is no less ugly to appoint a meeting with a vegetarian in the institution, whose on-duty dish is a steak with blood.

2. Wrong selection of participants in the meeting.

A business lunch in a restaurant is only half a dinner, so do not bring your wife or girlfriend with you, even if you want to combine useful things with business for your personal life. You have to discuss serious issues, and, it is not excluded, your interlocutor will not deal with particularly scrupulous topics in the presence of outsiders.

To avoid any misunderstandings, after agreeing the place and date of the meeting, send a letter to the client / partner with a list of persons who will participate in the business dinner on your part, even if you are alone. In the same letter, ask the future interlocutor to specify the list of participants on his / her part.

3. Incorrect beginning of the meeting.

Different cultures have their own unwritten rules for starting a business lunch. In America, for example, it is considered indecent to start negotiations before the waiter hands you the menu. In some other countries, discussion of business issues begins only after the first glass of wine, and in some places it is considered indecent to order alcohol at a business meeting in a restaurant. However, in any part of the world an advantageous tactic is the beginning of serious negotiations after eating the main course. This approach has several advantages: saturation of the stomach with food always has a positive effect on the mood of any person, and negotiations are always better when the parties are satisfied with external and internal circumstances. Well, in Russia - the country of a great culture of drinking - the mood at the table rises not only hot, but also hot.

4. The following remark is especially relevant for our Russia: do not lean on alcohol. You must know your limit, and never exceed it at business meetings. Otherwise, your meeting may end exactly when the end liquor in the bottle. And the result of such a meeting will be zero at best.

Тема 6.Закон.

Задание 1. Выполнитьпереводтекста

Лексикапотеме:

31. Manslaughter/homicide [ˈmænˈslɔːtə/ˈhɒmɪsaɪd] – убийство

32. Mugging [ˈmʌgɪŋ ] – грабёж

33. Murder [ˈmɜːdə ] – убийство

34. Perjury [ˈpɜːʤəri ] – ложное показание под присягой

35. Pettyoffence [ˈpɛtiəˈfɛns] – мелкое преступление

36. Prison, jail [ˈprɪzn, ʤeɪl] – тюрьма

37. Prisoner, convict [ˈprɪznə, ˈkɒnvɪkt] – заключённый

38. Prosecutor [ˈprɒsɪkjuːtə ] – прокурор

39. Punishment [ˈpʌnɪʃmənt ] – наказание

40. Rape [reɪp ] – изнасилование

41. Responsibility [rɪsˌpɒnsəˈbɪlɪti ] – ответственность

42. Robbery, mugging[ ˈrɒbəri, ˈmʌgɪŋ] – уличный грабёж

43. Sentence; verdict[ ˈsɛntəns; ˈvɜːdɪkt] – приговор

44. Shoplifting [ˈʃɒpˌlɪftɪŋ ] – магазинная кража

45. Slander [ˈslɑːndə ] – клевета

46. Speeding [ˈspiːdɪŋ ] – превышение дозволенной скорости

47. Subpoena [səbˈpiːnə ] – повестка в суд

48. Suicide [ˈsjʊɪsaɪd ] – самоубийство

49. Swindling [ˈswɪndlɪŋ ] – мошенничество/ жульничество

50. Theft [θɛft ] – кража

"Whatislaw'"

The question "What is law'" has troubled people for many years. A whole field of study known as jurisprudence (the study of law and legal philosophy) is devoted to answering this question. Many definitions of law exist. For our purposes, however, law can be defined as the rules and regulations made and enforced by the government that regulate the conduct of people within a society.

As a child, you learned about rules first at home and later at school. At home, your parents made and enforced rules concerning issues like chores and bedtimes. Rules made and enforced by the government are called laws. The government makes laws that affect almost every aspect of daily life.

One thing is certain every society that has ever existed has recognized the need for laws. These laws may have been unwritten, but even pre-industrial societies had rules to regulate people's conduct. Native American societies, for example, were governed by unwritten laws.

When Europeans first arrived on the North American continent, each of the native American nations (or tribes, as they are commonly called today) maintained order through a system of unwritten rules. Because many non-native American government officials and others did not see or understand these traditional mechanisms, many non-native Americans held the erroneous view that the societies were lawless. Today, some native American groups are still governed, at least in part, by traditional unwritten law.

Without laws, there would be confusion and disorder. This does not mean that all laws are fair or even good, but imagine how people might take advantage of one another without a set of rules.

Answer the questions:

1. Why has the question “What is law?” troubled people for many years?

2. What is jurisprudence?

3. What definition of law is given in the text?

4. Why does any existing society need laws?

5. Have laws always been written?

6. What would happen if people lived without laws?

Kinds of Laws

Laws fall into two major groups: criminal and civil.Criminal laws regulate public conduct and set out duties owed to society. A criminal case is a legal action brought by the government against a person charged with committing a crime. Criminal laws have penalties, and offenders are imprisoned, fined, placed under supervision, or punished in some other way. Criminal offenses are divided into felonies andmisdemeanors. The penalty for a felony is a term of more than one year in prison. For a misdemeanor, the penalty is a prison term of one year or less. Felonies are more serious crimes such as murder or robbery. Misdemeanors are less serious crimes such as simple assault or minor theft.

Civil laws regulate relations between individuals or groups of individuals. Acivil action(lawsuit) can be brought by a person who feels wronged or injured by another person. Courts may award the injured person money for the loss, or they may order the person who committed the wrong to make amends in some other way. An example of a civil action is a lawsuit for recovery of damages suffered in an automobile accident. Civil laws regulate many everyday situations, such as marriage, divorce, contracts, real estate, insurance, consumer protection, and negligence.

Sometimes one action can violate both civil and criminal law. For example, if Joe beats up Bob, he may have to pay Bob’s medical bills under civil law and may be charged with the crime of assault under criminal law.

Answer the questions:

1. What two groups of laws do you know?

2. What is a criminal case?

3. How are criminal offenses divided?

4. What crimes are more serious?

5. What is the penalty for a felony? For a misdemeanor?

6. Make a list of all the crimes mentioned in the text.

7. What do civil laws regulate?

8. Give your own examples how one action can violate both civil and criminal laws.

Match the words on the left with the correct
definition on the right:

Jurisprudence	law dealing with private rights of citizens, not with crime.
Criminal law	punishment for wrongdoing.
Civil law	the branch of law dealing with crimes and their punishment.
Felony	recognized and permitted by the law.
Misdemeanor	accuse.
Murder	violent and sudden attack.
Penalty	the study of law and legal philosophy.
Assault	major serious crime, e.g. murder, armed robbery, arson.
Responsibility	legal offence less serious than a felony.
Charge	prosecution of a claim in a law court.
Lawsuit	unlawful killing of a human being on purpose.
Legal	duty.

Тема 7.Суды.

Задание 1. Выполнить перевод текста

Лексикапотеме:

1. Abuseofpower[ əˈbjuːsɒv ˈpaʊə] – злоупотребление властью, полномочиями

2. Arson [ˈɑːsn ] – поджог

3. Assault [əˈsɔːlt ] – нападение

4. Attorneyfordefence [əˈtɜːnifɔː dɪˈfɛns] – адвокат по защите

5. Attorney for the plaintiff [əˈtɜːnifɔː ðə ˈpleɪntɪf] – адвокатистца

6. Bailiff [ˈbeɪlɪf ] – судебный исполнитель/ судебный пристав

7. Blackmail [ˈblækmeɪl ] – шантаж

8. Breakingandentering [ˈbreɪkɪŋænd ˈɛntərɪŋ] – взлом с проникновением

9. Bribe [braɪb ] – взятка

10. Briber [ˈbraɪbə ] – тот, кто даёт взятку

11. Bribetaker [ˈbraɪbˌteɪkə ] – взяточник

12. Burglary [ˈbɜːgləri ] – кража со взломом

13. Claimant/plaintiff [ˈkleɪmənt/ˈpleɪntɪf ] – заявитель / истец (в цивильных делах)

14. Contemptofcourt [kənˈtɛmptɒvkɔːt ] – неуважение к суду

15. Court; trial[ kɔːt; ˈtraɪəl] – суд

16. Crime, criminality [kraɪm, ˌkrɪmɪˈnælɪti] – преступность

17. Crime, offence [kraɪm, əˈfɛns] – преступление

18. Criminal, offender [ˈkrɪmɪnl, əˈfɛndə] – преступник

19. Deathpenalty, capitalpunishment [dɛθ ˈpɛnlti, ˈkæpɪtl ˈpʌnɪʃmənt] – смертная казнь

20. Defendant [dɪˈfɛndənt ] – ответчик / обвиняемый /подсудимый

Court systems

There are two separate court systems in the United States – federaland state. Federal courts hear criminal and civil cases involving federal law. They also hear cases involving parties from different states when the amount in dispute is more than $10,000. Federal trial courts are known as U.S. District Courts. If you lose a trial in the U.S. District Court, you may be able to appeal to the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in your region. The United States has thirteen circuit courts. The court of final appeal is the U.S. Supreme Court.

Most state court systems resemble the federal courts in structure and procedure. All states have trial courts. These are called superior, county, district, or municipal courts, depending on the state. State courts are often specialized to deal with specific legal areas, such as family, traffic, criminal, probate, and small claims. Family or domestic relations courts hearactions involving divorce, separation, and child custody. Cases involving juveniles and intrafamily offenses (fights within families) may also be heard. Sometimes, cases involving juveniles are heard in a special juvenile court. Traffic courts hear actions involving violations committed by persons driving motor vehicles. Criminal courts hear cases involving violations of laws for which the violators could go to jail. Frequently, criminal court is divided between felony and misdemeanor cases. Probate courtshandle cases involving wills and claims against the estates of persons who die with or without a will. Small claims courts hear cases involving small amounts of money (maximums of $500, $750, $1,000, or more, depending on the state).

Тема 8. Документооборот, видыдокументов.

Лексикапотеме:

№ Слово Перевод

1 document документ

2 papers бумаги

3 certificate справка

4 extract выписка

5 order приказ

6 application заявление

7 form бланк

8 power of attorney доверенность

9 agreement договор

10 contract контракт

11 will завещание

12 visa виза

13 get a visa получитьвизу

14 declaration декларация

15 signature подпись

16 sign подписаться

17 stamp печать

18 passport паспорт

19 birth certificate метрика

20 diploma диплом

21 employment record book трудоваякнижка

22 studentcard студенческий билет

23 pass пропуск

24 show показывать

25 insurancepolicy страховой полис

A document is a written, drawn, presented, or memorialized representation of thought. The word originates from the Latin documentum, which denotes a "teaching" or "lesson": the verb doceō denotes "to teach". In the past, the word was usually used to denote a written proof useful as evidence of a truth or fact. In the computer age, "document" usually denotes a primarily textual computer file, including its structure and format, e.g. fonts, colors, and images. Contemporarily, "document" is not defined by its transmission medium, e.g., paper, given the existence of electronic documents. "Documentation" is distinct because it has more denotations than "document". Documents are also distinguished from "realia", which are three-dimensional objects that would otherwise satisfy the definition of "document" because they memorialize or represent thought; documents are considered more as 2 dimensional representations.

Documents are sometimes classified as secret, private, or public. They may also be described as drafts or proofs. When a document is copied, the source is denominated the "original".

Standards are accepted for specific applications in various fields, e.g.:

Academia: manuscript, thesis, paper, and journal

Business: invoice, quote, RFP, proposal, contract, packing slip, manifest, report (detailed and summary), spread sheet, MSDS, waybill, bill of lading (BOL), financial statement, nondisclosure agreement (NDA), mutual nondisclosure agreement (MNDA), and user guide

Government, law, and politics: application, brief, certificate, commission, constitutional document, form, gazette, identity document, license, summons, and white paper

Media: mock-up and script

Such standard documents can be drafted based on a template.

Тема 9. Договор предоставления услуг.

Агентский договор — agency

Адресат оферты — offeree

Валютасделки — currency of transaction

Взаимноеусловие — condition concurrent

Виновнаясторона — party at/in fault

Возмещениевреда — indemnification

Встречнаяоферта — counter offer

Гражданская ответственность — liability

Гражданское право — civillaw

Договор имущественного найма движимости — hiring

Договор купли-продажи — bargainandsale

Договор личного найма — hiring

Договор морской перевозки — contractofaffreightment

Договор, не имеющий исковой силы — nudepact, nudumpactum (лат.)

Договоровзаимнойпомощи — treaty of mutual assistance

Договороторговлеимореплавании — treaty of commerce and navigation

Договор, облеченныйвпубличныйакт — contract of record

ContractofService

A contract of service means an agreement, whether verbal or in writing, where a person binds him/herself to render service to, or to do work for, an employer in return of wages. Thus even a verbal agreement between an employee and an employer is valid and is enforceable by law.

In those cases where no written contract of employment has been signed between the employee and the employer, the latter is bound to give the employee a signed statement which should include the following details:

» the date of commencement of employment;

» the period of probation;

» the normal rates of wages payable;

» the overtime rates of wages payable;

» the normal hours of work;

» the periodicity of wage payments;

» in the case of a fixed or definite contract of employment, the expected or agreed duration of the contract period;

» the paid holidays, and the vacation, sick and other leave to which the employee is entitled;

» the conditions under which fines may be imposed by the employer;

» the title, grade, nature or category of work for which the employee is employed;

» the notice periods to be observed by the employer and the employee should it be the case;

» the collective agreement, if any, governing the employee’s conditions of work; and any other relevant or applicable condition of employment.

STATEMENT BY THE EMPLOYER

Where a written contract signed between the employer and the employee exists, the above information should also be included in the contract. In any case, if the period of employment exceeds one month and exceeds eight hours of work a week, a copy of the contract of service or the statement signed by the employer should be given to the employee by not later than eight working days from the commencement of employment and the employer is required to keep a copy.

Тема 10. Социальная работа.

1. establish – устанавливать, учреждать, вводить.

2. distinctive – отчетливый, ясный.

3. promote – способствовать, помогать, продвигать.

4. secure – безопасность.

5. framework – каркас, основа, фундамент.

6. ensure – гарантировать, уверять.

7. support – поддержка, помощь.

8. civil – гражданский.

9. response – ответ, отвечать.

10. creativity – творчество, креативность.

11. value – ценность.

12. equality – равенство.

13. dignity – достоинство.

14. prejudice – предубеждение.

15. vulnerable – уязвимый.

1. suffer – страдать.

2. enhance – повышать.

3. confront – сталкиваться.

4. injustice – несправедливость.

5. inspire – вдохновлять.

6. undergodomesticviolence – подвергаться домашнему насилию.

7. provide – обеспечивать.

8. community – общество, сообщество.

9. oppression – притеснение.

10. improve – развивать, совершенствовать.

11. traumatic – болезненный.

12. impact – влияние.

13. career – карьера.

14. surface – поверхность.

15. assist – помогать, ассистировать.

Задание 1. Выполнитепереводтекста

Socialwork

Social workers help people overcome some of life’s most difficult challenges: poverty, discrimination, abuse, addiction, physical illness, divorce, loss, unemployment, educational problems, disability and mental illness. The advantage of the profession of a social worker is that it gives moral satisfaction and a sense of one's own need and importance, which is of no small importance in a person's life.

Social work is a profession for those with a strong desire to help improve people's lives. Social workers assist people by helping them cope with and solve issues in their everyday lives, such as family and personal problems and dealing with relationships. Some social workers help clients who face a disability, life-threatening disease, social problem, such as inadequate housing, unemployment, or substance abuse. Social workers also assist families that have serious domestic conflicts, sometimes involving child or spousal abuse. Additionally, they may conduct research, advocate for improved services, or become involved in planning or policy development..

Social work embodies a set of core values and principles. It is committed to the rights of the child; respects the equality, worth and human rights of all people, and their individuality, privacy and dignity; and challenges discrimination and prejudice.

Social work is traditionally a woman's profession and continues to be not too highly paid. However, this is gradually changing, and today men are happy to join the ranks of professional assistants.

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, social work employment opportunities are expected to grow at a rate of 25% between now and 2020, which is faster than average. This means it’s a great time to become a social worker. Demand will be particularly high for social workers employed in the fields of healthcare, substance abuse, and social services (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2012-2013).

Задание 2. Выполнить практические задания к тексту:

Подберитепереводслов:

unemployment	улучшать
poverty	ценность
divorce	инвалидность
improve	работники
abuse	бедность
value	безработица
disability	развод
workers	насилие
equality	здравоохранение
healthcare	равенство

Подберите эквиваленты фраз

1. Социальный работник

2. физическая болезнь

3. проблемы в области образования

4. психические заболевания

5. Улучшить жизнь людей

6. Детское насилие

7. Уважать права людей

8. Сфера здравоохранения

9. Злоупотребление веществами (алкоголь или наркотики)

10. Социальные услуги

Определите, какое из выше перечисленных высказываний является:

а) верным, б) ложным, в) в тексте нет такой информации

1. Social workers help people overcome only the physical illness

2. Social work is a profession for those with a strong desire to help improve people's lives

3. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, social work employment opportunities are expected to get lower at a rate of 25% between now and 2020

4. Demand will be particularly high for social workers employed in the fields of healthcare

5. Profession of social worker in Russia appeared in 1991

6. Day of the social worker in Russia is celebrated on June 8

7. The advantage of the profession of a social worker is that it gives moral satisfaction and a sense of one's own need and importance

8. Social work is very important but the salary is not high

9. Social work is traditionally a man's profession

Ответьтенавопросы
What do socials workers do?
What advantage does social work have?
What changes are expected by 2020?
Who often work in this area?

Тема 11. Декларацияправчеловека.

right право

freedom свобода

duty обязанность

equality равенство

persecution преследование

tointerfere вмешиваться

torture подвергать пыткам

discrimination дискриминация

to guarantee гарантировать

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is an international document that states the basic rights and freedoms all human beings are entitled to. It was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948.

Described as ‘the foremost statement of the rights and freedoms of all human beings’, it represents the first international agreement on the basic principles of human rights.

The Declaration is based on dignity, equality and fairness. It consists of an introduction and 30 ‘Articles’ that set out the obligations of Member States, and the range of rights and freedoms to which everyone, everywhere in the world, is entitled. Examples of these are the right to life and freedom from torture, inhuman or degrading treatment.

The Declaration today

Nearly every state in the world has accepted the Declaration. It provides a universal set of minimum standards for how people should be treated.

The Declaration has been adapted to apply to different parts of the world and has a direct link to our own human rights legislation. In Europe, the Declaration forms the basis of the European Convention on Human Rights. This Convention in turn was incorporated in UK law by the Human Rights Act 1998.

The Declaration’s influence lives on. It is relevant not just to societies experiencing conflict and repression, but also to peaceful democracies with the ongoing need to address injustice and insults to human dignity.

Described as ‘the foremost statement of the rights and freedoms of all human beings’, it represents the first international agreement on the basic principles of human rights.

The Declaration today

Nearly every state in the world has accepted the Declaration. It provides a universal set of minimum standards for how people should be treated.

Match the words and their definitions

1. Right a) to treat someone cruelly or unfairly over a period of time

2. Freedom b) a situation in which people have the same rights

3. Duty c) something that you are legally or officially allowed to do

4. Equality d) a cruel act of hurting someone

5. Persecute e) the right to do what you want without being controlled or

restricted

6. To interfere f) to do something against an official law or principle

7. Torture g) treating a person or group differently from another in an

unfair way

8. Discrimination h) something that you have to do because it is legally right;

obligation

9. To guarantee i) to promise to do something or to promise that something will

happen

10.To violate j) to try to influence a situation that you should not be involved inMatch the words and their definitions

Тема 12. Политическая система в России, Великобритании и США

politics (ед.ч) — политика как политическая жизнь, политическая деятельность

be interested in politics — интересоватьсяполитикой

beindifferenttopolitics — быть безразличным к политике

a policy — политика как линия поведения, курс, стратегия

aneconomicpolicy — экономическая политика

political — политический

a politicalleader — политический лидер

politicalissues — политические вопросы

politicalviews — политические взгляды

a politicalsystem — политическая система

a politicalparty — политическая партия

twomajorpoliticalparties — две главные политические партии

a political career — политическаякарьера

a politician — политик

support a candidate — поддерживать кандидата

havetherighttovote — иметь право участвовать в голосовании

join a politicalparty — вступить в политическую партию

votefor a candidate — голосовать за кандидата

takepartinelection — принимать участие в выборах

makemychoice — сделать свой выбор

Political system in Russia

The Russian Federation is a Presidential (or a constitutional) republic. The President is the head of the state and is elected directly by the people. In fact he has much power, he controls all the three branches of power. The President can even dissolve the Duma if he doesn't agree with his suggestions three times running. The President has his administration, but it's not part of the Federal Government. The President is involved in the work of the legislative and executive branches.

The Federal Assembly represents the Legislative branch of power. It's made up of the two houses: the Federation Counsil and the State Duma, which make laws. The Federal Assembly is also calld the Parlamrnt, but it's not its oficial name. Both chambers are headed by chairmen sometimes called speakers. The Duma consists of 450 deputies (one half is elected personally py the population, and the other half consists of the deputies who are appointed by their parties after voting). The members of the Federation Counsil are elected on a different basis. There are two representatives of each subject of the RF (89 subjects). Every law to be adapted must be approved by the State Duma, the Counsil of Federation and signed by the President. The President can veto laws passed by the Federal Assembly, but it can pass laws over the President's veto a two-thirds majority.

The Federal Government represents the executive branch of power. The President appoints its head, the Chainman of the Government, but the Dums must approve his appointment.

The juridical branch of power consists of the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court and lower Courts. The responsibility of the Constitutional Court is to analyse the new laws to make sure they correspond to the laws of the state. The Constitutional Court has tte right to declare actions of the President, the Federal Assembly and the Federal Government unconstitutional. The Supreme Court is the higest instance for civil and criminal cases.

Questions:

Who is the head of the state in Russia?

What bodies of power does the government consist of?

Who is the head of the government in Russia?

For how long is the President elected?

What political system does Russia belong to?

Тема 13. Социальная работа в России.

1. restore – восстанавливать, реставрировать.

2. capacity – возможность.

3. favorable – благоприятный.

4. require – требовать.

5. experience – опыт.

6. supervisedfieldwork – выбранная сфера деятельности/обучения.

7. overcome – преодолевать.

8. challenge – вызов.

9. abuse – злоупотребление.

10. addiction – пагубная привычка, пристрастие, зависимость (наркотическая, алкогольная и т.д.).

11. prevent – предотвращать.

12. copemoreeffectivelywith – справляться наиболее эффективно с чем-либо.

13. facet – грань.

14. specializein – специализироваться в чем-либо.

15. contributeto – способствовать чему-либо.

Задание 1. Выполнитьпереводтекста:

Socialwork

Social work is traditionally a woman's profession and continues to be not too highly paid. However, this is gradually changing, and today men are happy to join the ranks of professional assistants.

Задание 2. Выполнить практические задания к тексту:

Подберитепереводслов:

unemployment	улучшать
poverty	ценность
divorce	инвалидность
improve	работники
abuse	бедность
value	безработица
disability	развод
workers	насилие
equality	здравоохранение
healthcare	равенство

Подберитеэквивалентыфраз

1. Социальныйработник

2. физическаяболезнь

3. проблемы в областиобразования

4. психическиезаболевания

5. Улучшитьжизньлюдей

6. Детскоенасилие

7. Уважатьправалюдей

8. Сфераздравоохранения

9. Злоупотребление веществами (алкоголь или наркотики)

10. Социальные услуги

Определите, какое из выше перечисленных высказываний является:

а) верным, б) ложным, в) в тексте нет такой информации

1. Social workers help people overcome only the physical illness

2. Social work is a profession for those with a strong desire to help improve people's lives

3. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, social work employment opportunities are expected to get lower at a rate of 25% between now and 2020

4. Demand will be particularly high for social workers employed in the fields of healthcare

5. Profession of social worker in Russia appeared in 1991

6. Day of the social worker in Russia is celebrated on June 8

7. The advantage of the profession of a social worker is that it gives moral satisfaction and a sense of one's own need and importance

8. Social work is very important but the salary is not high

9. Social work is traditionally a man's profession

Ответьтенавопросы

What do socials workers do?
What advantage does social work have?
What changes are expected by 2020?
Who often work in this area?

Тема14. Социальная система в Великобритании.

Задание 1. Перевести текст:

Thesocialsystem

The social system. About Great Britain. United Kingdom. The first greeting on the 16th anniversary of every Englishman receives from the protection of social protection. Together with the wishes of many years, the ministry recalls that from this day it is necessary to pay pension contributions weekly. At the same time, the state guarantees that every citizen will receive a pension equal to 20% of the average salary of an employee (110 euros per week or 5710 per year), at the retirement age (65 years for men and 60 years for women), and this amount will be reviewed annually with rising inflation.

The pension system in England stands on "three pillars": a basic state pension, an additional state pension and pension savings of the population.

The basic state pension is paid to all citizens (12% of the average worker's salary). The size of the additional state pension depends on the amount of accumulated pension payments and reaches 50% of your salary before retirement. In addition, the state in every possible way, first of all by tax measures, stimulates voluntary pension accumulation of citizens. This can be a special account in the bank, and a contract for a lifetime pension with an insurance company, and participation in a private pension fund.

Pension market of Great Britain is the largest to Europe (40% of all pension accumulations). Of the 33 million English-speaking working-age people (over 20), employees are 22 million. Half of them participate in pension schemes organized by the enterprise, 4.5 million contribute independently for a future "personal" pension and only a third of all workers 7 million) does not participate in pension schemes. As for those 3 million citizens, whom statistics refer to the "self-employed population" (employers, people of free professions), of them 2 million people contribute to additional pensions.

In private pension funds, there are two basic types of pension schemes: "defined contributions" and "with defined benefits". The first kind means that obligations are fixed on making funds, and upon reaching the retirement age, it is guaranteed that the accumulated amount will be returned together with investment income through the pension payment mechanism chosen by the citizen. The "defined contribution" schemes are the simplest, in which the obligations always correspond to the available assets. Under the second scheme - "with defined payments" - specific obligations of the pension fund for the payment of pensions are determined, and its guarantor is the employer company. This is a more complicated mechanism requiring actuarial calculations (assessing the adequacy of existing assets to future obligations), but also more effective, judging by its wide application, both in the UK and in other countries of the west.

Задание 2. Answer the questions

What is the retirement age in UK?
What type of the pension system in England?
What percent is paid to all citizens of the average worker's salary ?
What two basic types of pension schemes are there in private pension funds?
Does the state stimulate voluntary pension accumulation of citizens? and how?

Тема 15. Социальная система в Канаде.

Задание 1. Выполните перевод текста

SocialWorkinCanada

For Canada it is characterized by the diversity of ethnic groups. The main demographic groups of the population are English and French. In addition, live here as citizens from almost all countries of the world. Such a rich shift of crops led to some features and social work in Canada, where great importance is the equality of all citizens.

In Canada in the 1920-1930's. a number of universities opened departments or schools of social work, which originally had been the foundation of teaching sociology program (universities in Mc Gill and Toronto). Currently training in social work is carried out in the country's 26 universities. Social workers who have graduated from university with a bachelor's or master's degree, get a professional status. Social workers help people with social, mental health, etc. Problem. The clients of social workers, can be children and young people, adults and the elderly. Social services can be divided into services provided by the state, and the services provided by voluntary organizations.

Governmental legislation services receive, for example, the following groups:

- Children abandoned by their parents and children who are subjected to physical or sexual abuse;

- Children who have emotional or psychological problems;

- Children with physical or mental disabilities;

- Young people that is not in conflict with the law;

- Young people who have emotional problems;

- Young abusers or alcoholics prone to drug use.

Examples of areas of activity of volunteer organizations are the following:

- The provision of services to adults who have family problems, or difficulties with the work;

- Work with young people having problems in school;

- Training of parents;

- The provision of services for older people;

- Assistance to adults and children who care for their parents ...

Social Work Education in universities in Canada takes place over 4-6 years. Students can further learn from 3 to 5 years for the scientific degree of Doctor of Social Work.

Canada can safely be called a social state. Already in the mid-1960s. Canada introduced a universal health care system for its citizens. Education in secondary and higher education is free for all students. Programs of universities and other higher education institutions are largely funded by the government. Canadian provinces are responsible for the implementation of health programs, education and social protection. For example, abandoned children or children of parents who have not paid due attention to the family receiving public assistance in accordance with the law for the welfare of children.

All this leads to the conclusion that Canada pay much attention to social work.

Задание 2. Выполнить практические задания к тексту:

Government	здоровье
bachelor	пожилой
population	услуга
To provide	оканчивать
To carry out	отказываться
health	недостаток
To graduate	бакалавр
elderly	граждане
citizens	обеспечивать
service	правительство
To abandon	закон
disability	проводить
drug	население
To be responsible for	наркотик
law	Быть ответственным за

Подберите к словам из левой графы их синонимы

main	narcotic
disable	separate
For example	unable
abandon	amount
divide	primary
number	For instance
drug	refuse

Определите, какое из выше перечисленных высказываний является:

а) верным, б) ложным, в) в тексте нет такой информации

1) The main demographic groups of the population are Russian and French

2) Social workers help people with social, mental health, etc. Problem.

3) The clients of social workers, can only be elderly people

4) Education in secondary and higher education is free for all students.

5) Canada does not pay much attention to social work

6) The area of Canada is 9 985 000 km2

7) The capital of Canada is Ottawa

Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

Citizens from what countries live in Canada?
How do Social services can be divided?
How long does Social Work Education take place?
Is it possible to get the scientific degree of Doctor of Social Work?

Тема 16. Здравоохранение

healthcare здравоохранение

2 clinic поликлиника

3 pharmacy аптека

4 hospital больница

5 maternity hospital родильныйдом

6 military hospital госпиталь

7 first-aid post медпункт

8 ambulance скораяпомощь (автомобиль)

9 sick-leave certificate справка

10 presciption рецепт

11 health здоровье

12 healthy здоровый

13 patient пациент

14 disease заболевание

15 illness болезнь

16 cold простуда

17 catch a cold простудиться

18 feel чувствовать себя

19 infection инфекция

20 infectious инфекционный

21 infect заразить

22 catch заразиться

23 beill болеть

24 getill заболеть

25 pain боль

26 headache головная боль

27 cure лечение

28 undergotreatment лечиться

Задание 1. Выполнитепереводтекста

The US health care system

The US health care system is represented on three major levels: family medicine, hospital help and public health services. Medical services within the territory of the United States are provided both by private or legal establishments. Various commercial, charitable and state organizations offer patients both out-patient and stationary services.

About 47% of all expenses on public health services of the USA, are expenses for hospitalization, about 2% are house service, 10% are medicamentous treatment and 10% are the maintenance at geriatric homes. The remaining 11% cover services of dentists, ophthalmologists and other experts of narrow background.

Family medicine is considered to be a rather developed structure in the USA. Family doctors examine and observe patients and if necessary, direct them to narrow experts. Such doctors receive payment directly from patients. As a rule, the family doctor has his own office or cooperates with other experts. Hospitals make the largest component of the general amount of medical services of the USA.

Hospitalization is the most expensive and most important component of the industry of public health services of this country. However, recently there are appreciable shifts towards other establishments, mainly polyclinics, points of first aid and geriatric homes. Out-patient services are slowly, but confidently replaced by hospitalization, and home visiting service in staying in geriatric homes.

In the USA, there are two types of hospitals: the ones that have property rights and are often operated by big private corporations, and the hospitals that are non-profitable hospitals. US hospitals render a certain amount of out-patient care in the ERs and in specialized clinics, but they are intended for rendering the hospitalization of patients. A vast amount of attention. Besides, USA has a network of hospices for terminal patients with expected life expectancy of six months and less. Such hospices are usually subsidized by charitable organizations and the government.

However, in the USA, as well as in other countries, the concept of the out-patient care includes rendering of medical services without hospitalization of the patient. This makes a big share of the medicine of the population. Treatment in-home is usually carried out by the doctors. The private sector of out-patient medical assistance is represented by personal physicians (experts in internal and family medicine, pediatricians), narrow background experts, for example gastroenterologists, cardiologists, nurses and other medical personnel.

Задание 2. Выполнить практические задания к тексту:

attention	юридический
private	услуга
Hospital	благотворительный
legal	правительство
service	население
charitable	правительство
out-patient	частный
population	внимание
government	больница
nurse	амбулаторный

Дайтепереводсловосочетаний:

1. узкогопрофиля

2. Системаздравоохранения

3. узкимспециалистам

4. Амбулаторныеуслуги

5. наблюдаютпациентов

7. юридическимиучреждениями

8. амбулаторной помощи

Определите, какое из выше перечисленных высказываний является:

а) верным, б) ложным

1) Hospices are not subsidized by charitable organizations and the government.

2) The concept of the out-patient care includes rendering of medical services without hospitalization of the patient

3) The concept of the out-patient care includes rendering of medical services without hospitalization of the patient. This makes less amount of the medicine of the population.

4) As a rule, the family doctor has his own office or cooperates with other experts.

5) About 2% of all expenses on public health services of the USA, are expenses for hospitalization,

Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

1) What is the most expensive and most important component of the industry of public health services of this country?

2) The US health care system is represented on what kind of levels?

3) What do family doctors do?

4) Could you describe narrow background experts?

5) What kind of services are there?

Тема 17. Служба по оказанию социальной помощи.

Задание1. Выполнитепереводтекста

Social Security (United States)

In the United States, Social Security is the commonly used term for the federal Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program and is administered by the Social Security Administration. The original Social Security Act was signed into law by President Franklin Roosevelt in 1935, and the current version of the Act, as amended,encompasses several social welfare and social insurance programs.

Social Security is funded primarily through payroll taxes called Federal Insurance Contributions Act tax (FICA) or Self Employed Contributions Act Tax (SECA). Tax deposits are collected by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and are formally entrusted to the Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Trust Fund and the Federal Disability Insurance Trust Fund, the two Social Security Trust Funds.With a few exceptions, all salaried income, up to an amount specifically determined by law (see tax rate table below), is subject to the Social Security payroll tax. All income over said amount is not taxed. In 2017, the maximum amount of taxable earnings was $127,200.

With few exceptions, all legal residents working in the United States now have an individual Social Security number. Indeed, nearly all working (and many non-working) residents since Social Security's 1935 inception have had a Social Security number because it is requested by a wide range of businesses.

In 2015, Social Security expenditures totaled $750.5 billion for OASDI and $146.6 billion for DI.Income derived from Social Security is currently estimated to have reduced the poverty rate for Americans age 65 or older from about 40% to below 10%

Задание 2. Выполнитепереводтекста

Social Security in Russia

There are two major funds financing the social security system in Russia:

Social Insurance Fund

Pension Fund of the Russian Federation

Both funds are supported by obligatory Russian social security payments that are deducted from your gross salary, although some expenses and bonuses can be exempt from the calculation. You can also make additional voluntary contributions if you want to save for your pension in Russia or plan for a better retirement in Russia.

Expats are only liable to pay resident Russian taxes and social charges if they stay in the country at least 183 days during a calendar year. Your employer will typically arrange for your registration with the Russian tax office and secure your social security number. Self-employed workers will need to arrange their tax registration and Russian social security number themselves.

Employers are also responsible for deducting the compulsory amount from employee salaries and paying the state. Failure to do so before the 15th of the following month results in a 20 percent penalty. If employers are found to be avoiding tax contributions on behalf of their employees, they are fined 40 percent of the total amount of earnings.

Employees are not obliged to pay social security contributions in Russia, but rather the burden rests firmly on the employer, including self-employed individuals (such as entrepreneurs, notaries and lawyers) or anyone else employing a third party under an employment contract.

From 2017, the Russian tax authorities – instead of social funds – will be responsible for administering most social security payments. Russian social security contribution rates in 2017 can be broken down into the following categories:

pension contributions – 22 percent of an employee’s salary, up to a maximum of RUB 876,000, plus 10 percent of any excess salary above this;

social insurance contributions – 2.9 percent of an employee’s salary, up to a maximum or RUB 755,000, or 1.8 percent for foreigners temporarily staying in Russia;

medical insurance – 5.1–5.9 percent of salary.

In addition, mandatory accident insurance contributions are paid at rates ranging from 0.2–8.5 percent of an employee’s salary, depending on the level of assessed risk of the employee’s occupation. This is paid separately to the above social security contributions, and still administed by the social funds.

In certain situations Russian social security may be exempt; for example, income earned by foreign employees hired under highly-skilled migrant schemes can be exempt from paying contributions, although accident contributions will still be mandatory. Most foreigners in Russia, however, including EU citizens, will be subject to the same mandatory contributions as Russian nationals.