Методические указания 1 курс 9 часть ЛЛХ, ТОР (2024 год)

МИНИСТЕРСТВО ЛЕСНОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА

И ОХРАНЫ ОБЪЕКТОВ ЖИВОТНОГО МИРА НИЖЕГОРОДСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

Государственное бюджетное профессиональное

образовательное учреждение Нижегородской области

«КРАСНОБАКОВСКИЙ ЛЕСНОЙ КОЛЛЕДЖ»

(ГБПОУ НО «КБЛК»)

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ

по дисциплине «Иностранный язык (Английский язык)»

для студентов I курса 9 часть

Тема 2.3. Технический прогресс: перспективы и последствия.

Современные средства связи. Интернет-безопасность.

Тема 2.4 Выдающиеся люди родной страны и страны/стран

изучаемого языка, их вклад в науку и мировую культуру:

государственные деятели, учёные, писатели, поэты,

художники, композиторы, путешественники,

спортсмены, актёры и другие.

Составили:

преподаватели

иностранного языка

Воронина М.В.,

Булкина Т.А.

Красные Баки

2024 год

Lesson 1

Достижения и инновации

№1. Translate the following words:

Science, cover, broad, deal with, relationship, wide, variety, search for, clue, universe, origin, cell, research, solve, complicated, unity, attempt, happen, consider, prove, divide, major, grow (grew), boundary, clear, numerous, overlap, interconnect, influence, provide, discovery, invention, shape, Universe, tool.

№2. Read the text and translate it:

The word “science” comes from the Latin word “scientia”, which means “knowledge”. Science covers the broad field of knowledge that deals with facts and the relationship among these facts. Scientists study a wide variety of subjects. Some scientists search for clues to the origin of the Universe and examine the structure of the cells of living plants and animals. Other researches investigate why we act the way we do, or try to solve complicated mathematical problems.

Scientists use systematic methods of study to make observations and collect facts. They develop theories that help them order and unity facts. Scientific theories consist of general principals or laws that attempt to explain how and why something happens or happened. A theory is considered to become a part of scientific knowledge if it has been tested experimentally and proved to be true.

Scientific study can be divided into three major groups: the natural, social and technical sciences. As science, knowledge grew and became more complicated. Many new fields of science appeared. At the same time, the boundaries between scientific fields became less clear. Numerous areas of science overlap each other and it is often hard to tell where one science ends and another begins. All sciences are closely interconnected. Science has great influence on our life. It provides the basis of modern technology – the tools and machines that make our life and work easier. The discoveries and inventions of scientists also help shape our view about ourselves and our place in the Universe.

№3. Find in the text the synonyms for: 

learn, a large number of, look for, decide, difficult problems, try, scientific research, major groups, various.

№4. Ask questions to the following sentences.

1. The word “science” comes from the Latin word “scientia”.

2. Scientists use systematic methods of study to make observations and collect facts.

3. Scientific study can be divided into three major groups: the natural.

4. Scientists use systematic methods of study to make observations and collect facts

5. Science has great influence on our life.

№5. Write the achievements and innovations in Russia by your specialty (8-10):

№6. Study the material “Passive Voice:

№7. Make passive sentences in the present simple

1. the room/sweep/twice a day

2. I/give/ presents every birthday

3. nice cars/produce/in Germany

4. more trees/cut down/day by day

5. I/ring/my friends/every evening

№8. Make passive sentences in the past simple

1. this song/sing/everywhere/in 1970

2. flowers/plant/in this area

3. strawberry/grow/in this town

4. telephone/invent/in England

5. my car/produce/in 2008

№9. Make passive sentences in the future simple

1. the apples/harvest/next autumn

2. my clothes/wash/tomorrow

3. big ships/make/in Tuzla / in a year

4. milk/bring/to our house/next Monday

Lesson 2

Computers

№1. Read and translate the text

Fifty years ago, people didn't even hear of computers, and today we cannot imagine life without them. Computer technology is the fastest-growing industry in the world. The first computer was the size of a minibus and weighed a ton. Today, its job can be done by a chip the size of a pin head. And the revolution is still going on. Very soon we'll have computers that we'll wear on our wrists or even in our glasses and earrings. The next generation of computers will be able to talk and even think for themselves. They will contain electronic "neural networks". Of course, they'll be still a lot simpler than human brains, but it will be a great step forward. Such computers will help to diagnose illnesses, find minerals, identify criminals and control space travel.

Some people say that computers are dangerous, but I don't agree with them. They save a lot of time. They seldom make mistakes. It's much faster and easier to surf the Internet than to go to the library. On-line shopping makes it possible to find exactly what you want at the best price, saving both time and money. E-mail is a great invention, too. It's faster than sending a letter and cheaper than sending a telegram. All in all, I strongly believe that computers are a useful tool. They have changed our life for the better. So why shouldn't we make them work to our advantage?

№2. Answer the questions:

1. Have you got a computer?

2. Can the Internet help you to do your homework?

3. Can computers help us to learn foreign languages?

4. Do you play computer games?

5. What are the advantages of on-line shopping?

6. What are the advantages of e-mail?

7. Do you think that computers are bad for health?

8. Some people have made friends through the Internet. What about you?

9. Some people say that computers make us less sociable. Do you agree?

10. What will the next generation of computers be able to do?

№3. Match the name on the left with the definitions on the right:

№4. Translate into Russian and define the tense:

1. Breakfast was cooked by our mother.

2. The new rule was explained to us at the English lesson.

3. The story was written by Chekhov.

4. This sports centre was visited by lots of people.

5. This sports game is often played at P.E. lessons.

6. The ball was thrown over the fence.

7. The boxer was knocked down.

8. I was born in Moscow.

9. They will be trained by a famous coach.

10. I will be sent to the competition.

№5. Choose the right answer and translate into Russian.

1. The Mona Liza (painted / was painted) by Leonardo da Vinchi.

2. The new cinema (be built / will be built) next year.

3. The letters (be sent / will be sent) by post tomorrow.

4. The translation (was finished / were finished) two hours ago.

5. The dinner (be / will be) ready in an hour (через час).

6. The book (wrote/was written) by Hardy.

7. The house (bought/was bought) by pop star.

8. I (arrived/was arrived) last Friday.

9. The room (will clean/will be cleaned) later.

10. Tom (has lost/has been lost) his key.

№6. Open the brackets using the verbs in Present, Past или Future Simple Passive.

1. Tom always (to ask) at the lessons.

2. I (to ask) at the last lesson.

3. Our country house (to finish) next year.

4. The dog (to find) by my sister yesterday.

5.  This work (to do) tomorrow.

6. This text (to translate) at the last lesson.

7. These trees (to plant) every autumn.

8. Many interesting games always (to play) at our P.E. lessons.

9. This bone (to give) to my dog tomorrow.

10. We (to invite) to a concert last Saturday.

№7. Translate the sentences into English:

1. За этим доктором часто посылают.

2. С ним уже поговорили.

3. Перевод должен быть закончен вовремя.

4. Наш дом сейчас ремонтируют.

5. Этот вопрос можно обсудить завтра.

6. В хоккей обычно играют зимой.

7. Письмо было написано вчера.

8. Эту работу можно сделать завтра.

Lesson 3

Internet Safety

№1. Read and translate the text:

Everybody knows that we should be polite and kind to people in real life and online. Unfortunately, sometimes this doesn’t always happen. Where can you report online abuse or unkind messages to yourself or your friends? Do you know how to report inappropriate content online? For example, if you see an inappropriate tweet on Twitter you can click on ‘more’ and then choose ‘Report tweet’. You can then block all further tweets from that user.

Even well-liked celebrities can be targeted by cyberbullies. Here are our top five tips for staying safe online:

1. Be nice! Treat people online as you do in real life.

2. Don’t post anything online that you wouldn’t want people in real life to see.

3. Check your privacy and security settings on social media sites and keep them as private as possible. Make sure you know exactly who can see your posts.

4. Don’t ever post personal information like your home address, your email or your phone number.

5. If you see something online that worries or upsets you, tell an adult about it straight away.

Safer Internet Day, or SID for short, tries to help people to use the internet correctly. SID started in 2004 and is organized in February every year in 74 countries around the world to promote safe and responsible use of online technology and mobile phones. Each year there is a different topic such as cyberbullying or social networking. The focus for SID’s next campaign is “Let’s create a better internet together”. SID organizers want children and young people, parents and caretakers, teachers and educators, as well as industry and politicians to work together to build a better internet for all of us, but particularly for children and young people.

There are special lessons prepared for schoolchildren on Safer Internet Day in different countries. The Safer Internet Centre will be working with schools to encourage young people to help other people stay safe.

№2. Answer the questions:

1. Do you agree with the top five tips for staying safe online in the text?

2. What other tips could you add?

3. How useful are online safety videos like the one you saw?

4. Do young people need more advice from adults about how to behave online?

5. How do adults and young people use the internet differently?

6. Which social networks (if any) do you prefer? Why?

7. How safe is it for young children to use the internet?

8. How will we communicate online in the future?

№3. Translate into English:

Шесть правил разумного пользователя Интернета:

1. Я должен вести себя в Интернете вежливо и не обижать других.

2. Я должен покидать нехорошие сайты.

3. Я должен хранить свой пароль в тайне.

4. Я должен рассказывать своим родителям о проблемах и пользоваться их поддержкой.

5. Я должен искать интересные сайты и делиться ссылками с друзьями.

6. Я знаю, что можно быть легко обманутым и не буду сообщать реальные имена, адреса и номера телефонов.

№4. Match the vocabulary with the correct definition:

№5. Read the text and answer the questions:

The origins of the Internet acronym. Since so much of our communication today happens online, the Internet has developed almost its own language. This language is even more casual and has many abbreviations. The origin of the Internet acronyms and abbreviations is quite interesting. Here is the list of the most frequent Internet words that most of us use every day.

LOL Before it existed online, “LOL” was common in letter-writing. The pre-Internet version of the acronym meant “lots of love” or “lots of luck.” The online use of LOL might date back as far as the early ‘80s in Calgary, Canada, when then-student Wayne Pearson coined the term with friends on Viewline, a bulletin board system that was a sort of chatroom. Now it has the meaning of “laughing out loud”.

ROFL and its variants, including ROTFL and ROTF date back to at least 1989, when it was apparently first used in a post on Usenet, an early Internet message board. ROFL means “rolling on the floor laughing”.

OMG This acronym goes way, way back to 1917, when 75-year-old John Arbuthnot Fisher, First Baron Fisher of Kilverstone, sent a letter to Winston Churchill that concluded, “I hear that a new order of Knighthood is on the tapis — O.M.G. (Oh! My! God!)

FTW It was in the early 2000s when the acronym “FTW” popped up in the online role-playing game “Dark Age of Camelot,” where a user wrote, “Norway FTW!” meaning Norway “for the win”.

TBT “Throwback Thursday” has become an omnipresent way for sites and social media to get nostalgic on a given day of the week. The practice has its origins with a sneaker collector. In 2006, he decided to post a favorite shoe from the past in order to take a break from all the new-shoe news he was relating, adopting “throwback” from the practice of sports teams releasing retro "throwback" jerseys. The alliterative TBT was born.

1) What does “Lol” mean? When did it first appear?

2) What does “ROFL” mean? When did it first appear?

3) What does “OMG” mean? When did it first appear?

4) What does “FTW” mean? When did it first appear?

5) What does “TBT” mean? When did it first appear?

№6. Unscramble the Internet acronyms:

ILY, IMHO, CUS, NC, ASAP, BFF, DIY, CYT, SFLR, IMU, WYCM

№7. Match the meaning of the words to their definitions about cybercrime.

№8. Write and translate the sentences, underlined the passive forms.

1. Many accidents are caused by dangerous driving.

2. During the night we were all woken up by a loud explosion.

3. Look at those old houses. They are being knocked dawn.

4. The room was being cleaned when I arrived.

5. I’m not going to the party. I haven’t been invited.

6. Jim didn’t know about the change of plans. He hadn’t been told.

7. The new hotel will be opened next year.

№9. Translate the text. Write out the Passive Voice forms.

Many great cities of the world were built hundreds of years ago. During their long history some of them were destroyed several times for one reason or another, and then rebuilt. London, for instance, was burnt down in the Great Fire of 1666. When Napoleon’s army entered Moscow in 1812, the city was nearly empty and in flames. Most of the houses were soon destroyed by the fire, and many were badly damaged. A lot of beautiful cities were left in ruins after the World Wars. Serious damage is done to cities and villages by floods, hurricanes and earthquakes and still more by wars and industrial pollution.

Lesson 4

Famous people of Russia

№1. Read, translate the text, write out 15 words with suffixes and translate them:

famous (знаменитый) – fame (слава)

All over the world Russia is famous for its cultural life. It is literature, music and art. The best–known Russian writers and poets are Aleksander Pushkin, Michail Lermontov, Sergey Esenin, Nicolay Gogol, Ivan Turgenev, Leo Tolstoy, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Anton Chekhov, Boris Pasternak and others. They are popular throughout the world.

The greatest Russian composers are Aleksander Borodin, Modest Musorgsky, Nicolay Rimsky-Korsakov, and Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky. The outstanding Russian artists and painters are Isaak Levitan, Repin, Vasnetsov, Shishkin, Surikov. Their pictures are exhibited in the Tretyakov Gallery, which is one of the most famous and well-known picture galleries in our country and in the world.

The names of many Russian scientists and inventors are known in all parts of the world. The contribution of many Russian biologists, physicists, chemists, physiologists etc. to the development of international science is really great. Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov was a Russian scientist, the creator of military field surgery. Sergey Petrovich Botkin was the first who described viral hepatitis A. Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev is best known for formulating the Periodic Law and creating a version of the periodic table of elements. The great Russian scientist Kliment Arkadyevich Timiryazev is the founder of scientific foundations of selection. Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov was a Russian and Soviet agronomist, who identified the centers of origin of cultivated plants.

Lev Davidovich Landau was a Soviet physicist who made for research on the superfluidity of helium. Alexander Mikhailovich Prokhorov was a Russian physicist and research on lasers and masers. Zhores Ivanovich Alferov was a Soviet and Russian physicist who shared the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physics for the development of the semiconductor heterojunction for optoelectronics.

Andrei Nikolayevich Tupolev was a Russian aeronautical engineer known for his world's first passenger supersonic airliner. Sergei Pavlovich Korolev was the lead Soviet rocket engineer and spacecraft designer, who invented the Sputnik 1. The first cosmonaut on the Earth, Yuri Gagarin made his flight into space on the 12^th of April in 1961. Alexei Leonov became the first person to conduct a spacewalk. Valentina Tereshkova was the first woman to travel to space.

There are very many branches of science where the Russian inventors and scientist have made great discoveries bringing the mankind to the whole new level of its development.

№2. Are these statements true or false? Correct the false ones:

1) Timiryazev is the founder of scientific foundations of selection.

2) Lev Davidovich Landau was a Soviet cosmonaut.

3) The greatest Russian composers are M. Musorgsky, A. Borodin, N. Rimsky-Korsakov, and A. Leonov.

4) The best–known Russian writers and poets are popular throughout the world.

5) Alexei Leonov invented the Sputnik 1.

№3. Fill in the table:

№4. Study the material:

Choose the picture and describe it (7-8 sentences):

Use the plan:

- the place;

- the action;

- the person’s appearance;

- whether you like the picture or not;

- why.

Start with: “I’d like to describe picture one (or two, three). The picture shows …”

I would like to describe picture two. The photo shows a teenage girl walking in the woods. She is wearing a white top, denim shorts and sandals. In the background there are some green trees so I think it is summer. It seems to me that the girl is thinking about something. She seems to like being alone. I like the photo because I enjoy summer and being outdoors.

№5. Describe the pictures (5-8 sentences). Use the plan:

- the place;

- the action;

- the person’s appearance;

- whether you like the picture or not;

- why.

1) 2)

3) 3)

№6. Transform the words printed in capital letters:

1) Moscow is a … (SCIENCE) and … (CULTURE) center with a lot of institutes, universities, libraries, museums.

2) A lot of people visit Tretyakov Art Gallery admiring … (BEAUTY) pictures of Russian painters.

3) The … (SCIENCE) and … (TECHNOLOGY) progress of the 20^th century has allowed people to overcome time and distance.

4) After finishing secondary school young people can continue their … (EDUCATE) at … (DIFFER) kinds of technical schools or colleges.

5) It is always interesting to discover new things, to see … (DIFFER) ways of life and to meet new people.

6) … (PROFESSION) training makes it easier to get a … (HIGH) education.

№7. Insert the right form of the verbs and define the tense (example – Present Simple)

1. They … (leave) home at 7.30 every morning.

2. Jerry and Anna … (watch) the movie next Monday.

3. They … (clean) the flat tomorrow

4. Peter … (go) to college last year.

5. Ronald … (dance) at the party last night.

6. The exercises … (write) in class by students every day.

7. The dog … (find) by my sister yesterday.

8. The new book … (write) by him next week.

№8. Answer the questions:

1) When is your birthday?

2) When were you born?

3) Where were you born?

4) What household chores do you have?

5) How do you spend your free time?

6) Where do you study?

7) Do you like to go shopping?

8) Do you buy fast food?

9) What kind of extreme sport do you know?

10) Have you ever travelled by plane or by train?

Lesson 5

Famous scientists and their discoveries

№1. Match the following English nouns with their Russian equivalents

№2. Match the following English verbs with their Russian equivalents

№3. Read and translate the text “Inventors and their inventions”:

Samuel Colt was an American. He lived in the 19^th century. In 1836 he designed and patented a pistol. It was a pistol with a revolving barrel that could fire six bullets one after another. It was the first pistol of its kind. Later there came many other pistols with six

bullets.

Rudolf Diesel was a German engineer. He was born in 1858 and died in 1913. In 1897 he invented a new internal combustion engine. This engine is known as a diesel. And it began a transport revolution in cars, lorries, trains and ships.

Samuel Finley Morse was born in 1791. He died in 1872. He was a portrait painter. Then he became an inventor. For twelve years he tried to perfect the telegraph and he was a success. Later he invented the telegraphic dot-and-dash alphabet. Now it is known as Morse code. Morse code was not only one in America of that time. There were some others. But now we use Morse code all over the world.

Charles Makintosh lived from 1766 to 1843. He lived in Scotland and was a chemist by profession. He worked in a textile industry. In 1823 he developed a rubber solution. This rubber solution was used for raincoat production. Raincoats with this rubber solution didn’t allow water to penetrate. These raincoats were called makintoshes. Now people all over the world use them in spring and in autumn.

Charles Rolls was born in 1881 in Great Britain. He died in 1910. He was an aristocrat and businessman. He was especially interested in cars. Once he met another enthusiast of cars Henry Royce. Henry Royce was a famous car engineer. They decided to design the most comfortable and reliable car. At the beginning of the 20^th century it seemed to be a fantasy. But they worked hard and at last in 1907 they created the famous Rolls-Royce car. It was so comfortable and reliable that one of the models of Rolls-Royce cars «Silver Ghost» hadn’t changed greatly for 20 years since 1907.

Gottlieb Daimler and Charles Benz were two inventors. They lived in Germany. They were both interested in car production. At the end of the 19^th century, each of them designed a car. At the same time, they organized two independent firms to produce them.

All the cars produced by the firm of Daimler were called «Mercedes». Mercedes was a daughter’s name of one of the stockholders of the firm. This man saved the firm of Daimler from financial crisis at the beginning of the 20^th century. But after the World War I the firm of Daimler met with financial difficulties again.

№4. Give a brief summary of the text. Complete the table.

№5. Match the names with their discoveries and inventions.

№6. Transform the words printed in capital letters:

1) There are the facilities of … (ELECTRIC), highways, … (COMMUNICATE) and plumbing.

2) The classrooms in our college are … (COMFORT) and well-designed.

3) Modern life is … (POSSIBLE) without … (TRAVEL).

4) People have … (GOOD) transport facilities.

5) So people can lead a … (COMFORT) and … (ENJOY) life.

№7. Insert the right form of the verbs and define the tense (example – Present Progressive)

1. The apartment houses … (build) by new firm now.

2. Pamela … (cook) the dinner at the moment.

3. Your friend … (do) his homework now.

4. I … (brush) my teeth when my sister was making tea.

5. I … (practice) the guitar when he came home.

№8. Answer the questions:

1) Is the Earth a planet or a comet?

2) What environmental problems do you know?

3) What kinds of natural disasters can you name?

4) What youth subcultures do you know?

5) What is the computer safety?

Lesson 6

Inventions

№1. Read the text and answer the questions:

A. Music Cassette

Music cassettes which inside have a ribbon of magnetic tape were mostly used in cars up until the mid-1990s, and before that in the 1980’s with Walkmans and at home. You could buy them with music on them, or buy ones and record your own music onto them. These have been replaced by MP3s and CDs.

B. Black and white TV

Early TVs could not show color, and it was not until 1954 that the first color TVs were introduced. They were very expensive, so most people really did not have color TVs until the 1970s. We now have large LCD TVs which are much larger and have a clearer picture.

C. Floppy Disk

The floppy disk was a way of storing and moving computer data. They were very unreliable and could not hold much data. These days they have been replaced with USB sticks and DVDs.

D. Telegraph and Morse code

This technology was developed in about 1837 and was used from the 1850s for at least one hundred years. This technology has been replaced by email and the internet, and before that by the FAX machine.

E. Film camera

The film camera was also developed in the 1830s, from ideas that had been around for hundreds of years before. These days we use digital cameras and smart phones to take pictures, but some people still think film looks better and use film cameras today.

F. Sony Walkman

In the 1980s many people had a Walkman. You could listen to a store bought cassette on it or make your own cassette ‘mix’ from the radio or from another cassette. These days we use MP3 players or smart phones. 30 years ago people were very excited when they could first walk along and listen to their favorite music.

G. VHS cassette

Similar to Music cassettes in how they worked, but much bigger, VHS cassettes were used for watching movies on your TV with a VHS player called a VCR. There were many rental shops to rent movies, or you could record your favorite TV shows from the TV. These days DVD players have replaced them.

H. Typewriter

Typewriters were invented in the 1830s and were used up until the 1980s, when they were replaced by computers. Many journalists and writers used them, but they are not as convenient as computers.

I. Vinyl record

D ating from around 1890 Vinyl records have tiny grooves and a needle on the record player reads the music. Vinyl records are still used today. Many DJs and music lovers still prefer their sound to a CD or a MP3. Vinyl records come in three common sizes and have three possible speeds.

Questions:

1. Which four items were invented in the 1800s?

2. Which two items use a Magnetic ribbon tape?

3. Which two items are still popular today?

4. Which item was very unreliable?

5. Which two items are used together?

6. Which item was mostly used in cars?

7. On which item could you write a book?

8. Which item has the longest history?

9. Which item helped people to walk and listen to their favorite music at the same time?

10. What item comes in three possible sizes?

№2. Finish the sentences using the words: the radio, telephone, the table of chemical elements, theory of relativity, X-rays, conditional reflexes, electromagnetic induction, radium, television

1. Mendeleev created …

2. I. Pavlov discovered …

3. A. Popov invented …

4. A. Einstein worked on the …

5. Marie Curie opened …

6. J. L. Baird invented the …

7. A. Bell invented the …

8. W. K. Roentgen opened …

9. M. Faraday discovered …

№3. Complete the text with past simple passive of the verbs below:

call encourage know patent send teach

Thomas Edison was one of the greatest inventors of all the time. He was born in 1847 in Ohio. At the age of seven he ⁽¹⁾ … home from school because his teachers thought he was too slow. He ⁽²⁾ … at home by his mother, and he ⁽³⁾ … to study science. When he left school, he set up a factory. It ⁽⁴⁾ … the Invention Factory. Edison was responsible for thousands of inventions, and all of them ⁽⁵⁾ … . However, during his life he ⁽⁶⁾ … best for the invention of the phonograph –the first record player – and the light bulb. He died at the age of 84.

№4. Insert the right form of the verbs:

1. The boys already … (swim) this summer.

2. Students … (do) homework before the class started.

3. Fred … (return) from the walk by 8 o’clock yesterday.

4. We … (have) that car for ten years before it broke down.

5. By next year, I … (receive) my promotion.

6. Michael … (finish) this report by tomorrow.

7. The students … (finish) the work by 3 o’clock tomorrow.

№5. Match the words together to form compound adjectives, translate them:

№6. Match the words together to form compound nouns, translate them:

clock (часы) + work (работа) = clockwork (часовой механизм)

№7. Match the words with their definitions: