ДЕПАРТАМЕНТ ЛЕСНОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА НИЖЕГОРОДСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ
Государственное бюджетное профессиональное
образовательное учреждение Нижегородской области
«КРАСНОБАКОВСКИЙ ЛЕСНОЙ КОЛЛЕДЖ»
МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ
к развивающему курсу английского языка
для студентов II-III курсов
«Научно-технический прогресс»
для всех специальностей
| РАССМОТРЕНО: на заседании предметно-цикловой комиссии общеобразовательных дисциплин ПРОТОКОЛ № от « » сентября 2019 г. Председатель ПЦК ______ | Разработала: преподаватель иностранного языка Воронина М.В. |
Красные Баки
2019
Настоящие методические указания предназначены для студентов III курса всех специальностей КБЛК очной и заочной формы обучения для организации аудиторной и самостоятельной работы студентов.
Методические указания состоят из лексического материала и закрепляющих упражнений и текстов.
Учебно-методические указания составлены преподавателем английского языка ГБПОУ НО КБЛК Ворониной М.В.
Оглавление
| Предисловие | 4 |
| 1. Science | 5 |
| 2. Technology | 6 |
| 3. Inventions and Inventors | 11 |
| 4. Computer | 17 |
| 5. Internet | 20 |
| Приложение 1 | |
| Приложение 2 | |
| Приложение 3 | |
| Список рекомендуемой литературы по изучаемой тематике | |
Предисловие
Настоящие Методические указания предназначены для студентов очного и заочного отделения всех специальностей лесного колледжа. Они составлены в соответствии с Примерной программой учебной дисциплины Английский язык для специальностей СПО.
Целью обучения английскому языку является подготовка студентов к общению на этом языке в устной и письменной формах, что предполагает наличие у них определённых знаний, умений и навыков, которые после окончания курса дадут им возможность:
- читать оригинальную литературу по специальности для получения необходимой информации;
- принимать участие в устном общении на английском языке в объёме материала, предусмотренного Примерной программой;
- приобрести навыки самостоятельной работы с иностранной литературой.
В процессе изучения английского языка реализуются также общеобразовательные и воспитательные задачи обучения.
Методические указания включают в себя основные темы развивающего курса («Научно-технический прогресс», «Компьютер. Интернет»), содержащие адаптированные тексты и практические упражнения по его закреплению способствующих развитию и совершенствованию произносительных навыков.
Материал указаний может быть рекомендован для всех лиц, желающих повысить уровень владения английским языком.
Science and Technology
Science
1. Translate the following words:
Science, cover, broad, deal with, relationship, wide, variety, search for, clue, universe, origin, cell, research, solve, complicated, unity, attempt, happen, consider, prove, divide, major, grow (grew), complicated, boundary, clear, numerous, overlap, interconnect, influence, provide, discovery, invention, shape, Universe, tool.
2. Read the text and translate it:
The word “science” comes from the Latin word “scientia”, which means “knowledge”. Science covers the broad field of knowledge that deals with facts and the relationship among these facts.
Scientists study a wide variety of subjects. Some scientists search for clues to the origin of the Universe and examine the structure of the cells of living plants and animals. Other researches investigate why we act the way we do, or try to solve complicated mathematical problems.
Scientists use systematic methods of study to make observations and collect facts. They develop theories that help them order and unity facts. Scientific theories consist of general principals or laws that attempt to explain how and why something happens or happened. A theory is considered to become a part of scientific knowledge if it has been tested experimentally and proved to be true.
Scientific study can be divided into three major groups: the natural, social and technical sciences. As science, knowledge grew and became more complicated. Many new fields of science appeared. At the same time, the boundaries between scientific fields became less clear. Numerous areas of science overlap each other and it is often hard to tell where one science ends and another begins. All sciences are closely interconnected.
Science has great influence on our life. It provides the basis of modern technology – the tools and machines that make our life and work easier. The discoveries and inventions of scientists also help shape our view about ourselves and our place in the Universe.
3. Exercises
№1. Find in the text the English for:
большая область знаний, иметь дело с, отношения между, большое множество, и происхождение Вселенной, решать проблемы, граница между, различать, близко взаимосвязаны, оказывать влияние, сформировать взгляд на.
№2. Find in the text the synonyms for:
learn, a large number of, look for, decide, difficult problems, try, scientific research, major groups, various.
№3. Choose the most suitable heading for each paragraph:
1) The fields of scientific research.
2) Different groups of sciences.
3) The importance of science.
4) What is science?
5) Methods of scientific research.
№4. Ask questions to the following sentences.
1. The word “science” comes from the Latin word “scientia”.
2. Scientists use systematic methods of study to make observations and collect facts.
3. Scientific study can be divided into three major groups: the natural.
4. Scientists use systematic methods of study to make observations and collect facts
5. Science has great influence on our life.
Technology
1. Read and translate these international words, pay your attention to the stress.
- technology, aspect, telephone, scanner, code, product, bank, transaction, document, information, camera, number, credit, operator, contact, machine, company, register;
- modern, personal, technological, medical, computerized, automated;
- to diagnose, to deposit, to analyze, to monitor.
2. Read and translate the text:
Technology means the use of people’s inventions and discoveries to satisfy their needs. Since people appeared on the Earth, they had to get food, clothes and shelter. Through the ages people invented tools, machines and materials to make work easier.
Nowadays, when people speak of technology, they generally mean industrial technology. Industrial technology began about 200 years ago with the development of the steam engine, the growth of factories, and the mass production of goods. It influenced different aspects of people’s lives. The development of the car influenced where people lived and worked. Radio and television changed their leisure time. The telephone revolutionized communication.
Science contributed much to modern technology. Science attempts to explain how and why things happen. Technology makes things happen. But not all technology is based on science. For example, people made different objects from iron for centuries before they learnt the structure of the metal. But some modern technologies, such as nuclear power production and space travel, depend heavily on science.
3. Exercises
№1. Find in text the English for:
изобретения и открытия, удовлетворять потребности, инструменты, облегчить работу, промышленная технология, паровой двигатель, развитие, рост, массовое производство товаров, влиять, способствовать, делать попытку, атомная энергия, сильно зависеть от.
№2. Form the derivatives and translate them.
Основа существительного + -al = прилагательное
1. technology – technological (технологический)
2. medicine –
3. mechanic –
4. person –
5. technics –
6. physics –
7. digit –
8. structure –
9. nature –
10. electronics –
№3. Find in the texts the words, which have the opposite meanings to the following:
narrow, easy, practice, to try, artificial, old, more, to begin, small, different, little
№4. Read, translate the sentences, change the words in italics into the words with similar and opposite meanings:
1. He happened to meet her in that broad street.
2. They are investigating complex problems.
3. It was a very difficult experiment.
4. They started researching this problem.
5. It was a big contribution.
№5. Fill in the blanks with the articles a, an, the where necessary.
... most common type of... computer is ... digital computer.... largest digital computers are ... parts of.... computer system that fill... large room. ... smallest digital computers — some so small they can рай through ... eye of... needle — are found inside ... watches, ... pocket calculators, and ... other devices.
№6. a) Read and state the function of the verbs be, have
All digital computers have two basic parts: a memory and a processor. The memory is receiving data and holding them until they are needed. The memory is made up of a big collection of switches (переключатели). The processor is changing data into useful information by the converting numbers into other numbers. It reads numbers from the memory, performs basic arithmetic calculations, and puts the answer back into the memory. The processor is performing this activity and over again until the desired result is achieved. Both the memory and the processor are electronic.
b) Fill in the blanks with the verbs be, have
People ... used calculating devices since ancient times. The first electronic digital computer ... built in 1946. The large room ... filled with the computer. Since then rapid improvement in computer technology ... led to the development of smaller, more powerful, and less expensive computers. But computers ... not able to think. A user... to tell the computer in very simple terms exactly what to do with the data it receives. A list of instructions for a computer to follow ... called a program.
№7. Mind the word order
a) Extend the following sentences with the words given in brackets.
1. Scientists solve problems (complicated, some, mathematical, to try).
2. Researchers make observations (facts, and, collect).
3. The boundaries have become clear (fields, scientific, between less).
4. Science has influence on lives (our, great).
5. Technology makes life easier (our, and, work, modern).
b) Put the words in the following sentences in order, the first word in each sentence is in italics.
1. interconnected, sciences, All, closely, are.
2. provides, Science, of, technology, modern, the, basis.
3. people, the, ages, Through, tools, invented, have, machines, materials, and.
4. influenced, aspects, people's, of, different, Industrial, technology, lives.
5. our, time, Radio, television, and, leisure, changed.
№8. Complete the following sentences in a logical way
1. The word "science" comes from ...
2. Science deals with ...
3. Scientists study...
4. Some scientists search for ...
5. Other researchers solve ...
6. Scientific theories consist of...
7. A theory becomes ...
8. Scientific study can be divided into ...
9. The boundaries between scientific fields have become ...
10. Science provides ...
11. Technology means ...
12. Industrial technology began ...
13. Technology influenced ...
14. Science attempts to explain ...
15. Technology makes ...
№9. Make up special question according to the model:
a) Model: Technology influences all aspects of people's life.
What does technology influence?
1. Science provides the basis of modern technology.
2. Technology means the use of people's inventions and discoveries to satisfy their needs. 3. This scientist uses systematic methods of study.
4. He usually tests any theory experimentally.
5. He proves it to be true.
b) Model: Scientists can study a wide variety of subjects.
What can scientists study?
1. The scientists can examine the structure of the cells of living plan and animals.
2. The scientists can solve different mathematical problems.
3. Scientists can use systematic methods of study.
4. They can make observations.
5. They can develop theories.
№10. Make up questions the answers to which will be words in italics. The words in
brackets will help you
1.The word "science" means "knowledge"(what).
2. The scientists can order facts (what).
3. The scientists can unity facts (what).
4. They usually test the theory experimentally (what).
5. Technology influences different aspects of our life (what).
№11. Answer the following questions about science and technology.
1. What is science?
2. What is technology?
3. Are they interconnected?
4. Is all technology based on science?
5. What modern technologies depend heavily on science?
6. When did industrial technology begin?
7. When was a steam engine invented?
8. Who invented the steam engine?
9. When was radio invented?
10. Who invented the radio?
11. When was television invented?
12 Who invented the television?
13. When was a telephone invented?
14. Who invented the telephone?
15. When was the first car invented?
16. When was the first digital computer invented?
17. Who invented the first digital computer?
18. What famous scientists do you know?
19. What famous inventors do you know?
20. What scientific field are you interested in? Why?
№12. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.
1. Слово "science" происходит от латинского слова "scientia", которое означает "наука".
2. Ученые изучают широкий круг проблем.
3. Некоторые ученые ищут разгадку происхождения Bселенной.
4. Другие изучают строение клетки.
5. Некоторые исследуют причины нашего поведения.
6. Ученые используют систематические методы изучения проблем.
7. Науки могут быть разделены на три главные группы: естественные, общественные, технические науки.
8. Но границы между научными областями становятся все менее и менее четкими.
9. Все науки тесно взаимосвязаны.
10. Наука оказывает огромное влияние на нашу жизнь.
11. Она является основой современной технологии.
12. Сегодня, когда люди говорят о технологии, они имеют ввиду Промышленную технологию.
13. Промышленная технология нашла свое существование около 200 лет назад с появлением парового двигателя, ростом фабрик и массовым производством товаров. 14. Радио и телевидение изменило наш досуг; телефон произвел революцию в общении.
15. Открытия и изобретения ученых помогают нам формировать наши взгляды о себе и о нашем месте во Вселенной.
№13. Scientific disciplines. They are particular branches of scientific knowledge.
| 1. Geography
2. History 3. Astronomy
4. Biology
5. Ecology
6. Maths
7. Physics
8. Chemistry 9. Economics
10. Botany | a. the scientific study of the universe and of objects that exist naturally in space, such as the moon, the sun, planets, and stars. b. the scientific study of the natural processes of living things. c. the scientific study of numbers, shapes, and space using reason and usually a special system of symbols and rules for organizing them. d. the scientific study of matter and energy and the effect that they have on each other. e. the scientific study of the basic characteristics of substances and the ways in which they react or combine. f. the scientific study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of the Earth and planets. g. the scientific study of the system by which a country’s wealth is made and used. h. the scientific study of plants. i. the scientific study of the relationships between organisms and their environment. j. the scientific study of past events considered together, especially events of a particular period, country, or subject |
Inventors and their inventions
№1. Match the following English nouns with their Russian equivalents
| 1) discovery 2) achievement 3) invention 4) explanation 5) observation 6) research 7) knowledge 8) science 9) progress 10) experiment | a) исследование b) наблюдение c) опыт d) открытие e) развитие f) наука g) объяснение h) достижение i) знания j) изобретение |
№2. Match the following English verbs with their Russian equivalents
| 1) to improve 2) to discover 3) to research 4) to invent 5) to involve 6) to identify 7) to design 8) to achieve 9) to promote 10) to encourage | a) изобретать b) способствовать c) улучшать d) достигать e) поощрять f) проектировать g) распознавать h) вовлекать i) открывать j) исследовать |
№3. Read and translate the text.
Inventors and their inventions
Samuel Colt was an American. He lived in the 19th century. In 1836 he designed and patented a pistol. It was a pistol with a revolving barrel that could fire six bullets one after another. It was the first pistol of its kind. Later there came many other pistols with six
bullets.
Rudolf Diesel was a German engineer. He was born in 1858 and died in 1913. In 1897 he invented a new internal combustion engine. This engine is known as a diesel. And it began a transport revolution in cars, lorries, trains and ships.
Samuel Finley Morse was born in 1791. He died in 1872. he was a portrait painter. Then he became an inventor. For twelve years he tried to perfect the telegraph and he was a success. Later he invented the telegraphic dot-and-dash alphabet. Now it is known as Morse code. Morse code was not only one in America of that time. There were some others. But now we use Morse code all over the world.
Charles Makintosh lived from 1766 to 1843. He lived in Scotland and was a chemist by profession. He worked in a textile industry. In 1823 he developed a rubber solution. This rubber solution was used for raincoat production. Raincoats with this rubber solution didn’t
allow water to penetrate. These raincoats were called makintoshes. Now people all over the world use them in spring and in autumn.
Charles Rolls was born in 1881 in Great Britain. He died in 1910. He was an aristocrat and businessman. He was especially interested in cars. Once he met another enthusiast of cars Henry Royce. Henry Royce was a famous car engineer. They decided to design the most comfortable and reliable car. At the beginning of the 20 t h century it seemed to be a fantasy. But they worked hard and at last in 1907 they created the famous Rolls-Royce car. It was so comfortable and reliable that one of the models of Rolls-Royce cars «Silver Ghost» hadn’t changed greatly for 20 years since 1907.
Gottlieb Daimler and Charles Benz were two inventors. They lived in Germany. They were both interested in car production. At the end of the 19 t h century each of them designed a car. At the same time, they organized two independent firms to produce them.
All the cars produced by the firm of Daimler were called «Mercedes». Mercedes was a daughter’s name of one of the stockholders of the firm. This man saved the firm of Daimler from financial crisis at the beginning of the 20 t h century. But after the World War I the firm of Daimler met with financial difficulties again.
№4. Give a brief summary of the text. Complete the table.
|
| Name | Country | Invention | Advantage |
| 1. | Samuel Colt | America | A pistol with a revolving barrel | It could fire six bullets one after another |
| 2. |
|
|
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
|
|
№5. Match the names with their discoveries and inventions.
| 1. Gallileo Gallilei | a) paper |
| 2. Isaak Newton | b) thermometer and microscope |
| 3. Alexander Bell | c) low of universal gravity |
| 4. Alexander Popov | d) diesel engine |
| 5. John Logie Baird | e) telephone |
| 6. Rudolf Diesel | f) table of chemical elements |
| 7. Dmitry Mendeleev | g) radio |
| 8. Tsai Lun | h) television |
| 9. Nicolas Cugnot | i) automobile |
| 10. Thomas Edison | j) light bulb |
№6. Find the words with similar meanings to these words.
1. to enable –
2. to invent –
3. to improve –
4. to start –
5. to name –
6. to design –
7. the benefit –
8. an occupation –
№7. Form the derivatives and translate them.
Основа глагола + -er /-or = существительное со значением лица, производящего действие, орудия действия.
e.g. to work – worker (рабочий)
1. to invent –
2. to develop –
3. to design –
4. to use –
5. to paint –
6. to create –
7. to produce –
8. to drive –
9. to make –
№8. Match the words with the definitions:
| 1. a TV set | a. to take photographs |
| 2. a car | b. to receive or make calls around the home |
| 3. a computer | c. to perform every day cleaning tasks |
| 4. a video player | d. to move fast and quick around the world |
| 5. a camera | e. to watch pre- recorded video |
| 6. a vacuum cleaner | f. to keep food fresh for a long time |
| 7. a fridge | g. to have fun and to entertain |
| 8. a mobile telephone | h. a system for sending or receiving speech over |
| 9. a plane long distance | i. to write programs, play games, find and use information |
| 10. a telephone | j. to move wherever you want by yourself |
Texts for Reading
New inventions are appearing every day to make our lives easier, longer, warmer, speedier and so on. But only a few inventors design a new machine or product that becomes so well-known that the invention, named after its creator, becomes a household word. Here are ten famous inventors and the inventions that are named after them:
Ladislao Biro, a Hungarian artist who emigrated to Argentina. In about 1943 he invented the ball-point pen or biro.
John Bowler, a London hatter who designed the hard round hat known as the bowler in about 1850. It has become the symbol of British male respectability. And you can still see businessmen wearing bowlers in the City, the centre of London’s commerce.
Louis Braille (1809-1852), born at Couvray, France. He became blind as a child. In 1824 he developed his own alphabet patterns known as Braille by touch, based on a French army officer’s invention for reading messages in the dark.
Samuel Colt (1814-1862), an American gunsmith. He designed a pistol, patented in 1836, with a revolving barrel that could fire six bullets, one after the other. The Colt was the first of its kind. Many “six-shooter” came later.
Rudolf Diesel (1858-1913), a German engineer who invented the diesel engine in 1897 and so began a transport revolution in cars, lorries and trains.
Hans Wilhelm Geiger (1882-1945), a German nuclear physicist. From 1906-1909 he designed a counter for detecting radio-activity. This was the beginning of modern Geiger counters.
Charles Mackintosh (1766-1843), a Manchester textile chemist who, in 1823, developed a rubber solution for coating fabrics which led to the production of waterproof raincoats or mackintoshes.
Samuel Finley Breeze Morse (1791-1872), an American portrait painter who invented the telegraphic dot-dash alphabet known as Morse code.
Louis Pasteur (1822-1895), a Frenchman who was both a chemist and a biologist. Pasteurisation is a method of sterilizing milk by heating it.
Charles Rolls, a car salesman who with the engineer Henry Royce created the world-famous Rolls-Royce car. Rolls died in 1910.
GREAT INVENTIONS
Television (1920s)
The invention that swept the world and changed leisure habits for countless millions was pioneered by Scottish-born electrical engineer John Logie Baird. It had been realised for some time that light could be converted into electrical impulses, making it possible to transmit such impulses over a distance and then reconvert them into light.
Motor Car (Late 19th Century)
With television, the car is probably the most widely used and most useful of all leisure-inspired inventions. German engineer Karl Benz produced the first petroldriven car in 1885 and the British motor industry started in 1896. Henry Ford was the first to use assembly line production for his Model Т car in 1908. Like them or hate them, cars have given people great freedom of travel.
Electricity
The name came from the Greek word for amber and was coined by Elizabeth I's physician William Gilbert who was among those who noticed that amber had the power to attract light objects after being rubbed. In the 19^ century such great names as Michael Faraday, Humphry Davy, Alessandro Volta and Andre Marie Ampere all did vital work on electricity.
Photography (Early 19th Century)
Leonardo da Vinci had described the camera obscura photographic principle as early as 1515. But it was not until 1835 that Frenchman Louis Daguerre produced camera photography. The system was gradually refined over the years, to the joy of happy snappers and the despair of those who had to wade through friends' endless holiday pictures.
Telephone (1876)
Edinburgh-born scientist Alexander Graham Bell patented his invention of the telephone in 1876. The following year, the great American inventor Thomas Edison produced the first working telephone. With telephones soon becoming rapidly available, the days of letter-writing became numbered.
Computer (20th Century)
The computer has been another life-transforming invention. British mathematician Charles Babbage designed a form of computer in the mid-1830s, but it was not until more than a century later that theory was put into practice. Now, a whole generation has grown up with calculators, windows, icons, computer games and word processors, and the Internet and e-mail have transformed communication and information.
Aeroplane
The plane was the invention that helped shrink the world and brought distant lands within easy reach of ordinary people. The invention of the petrol engine made flight feasible and the American Wright brothers made the first flight in 1903.
(from Club, abridged)
Read, translate and act out the dialogue:
Gadgets
Dave: I see you’ve still got your brick, Ken.
Ken: My what?
Dave: Your brick. Your 1990s mobile. Isn’t it too heavy to carry?
Ken: Ha ha, very funny. It still works fine, you know. It’s not the latest model, like yours, but unlike you I know I don’t need a mobile phone that can take pictures or access the internet. I don’t need to check my emails when I’m on the bus, and nor do you. No one does. Did you feel your life was empty before they invented the phone you have now? Of course you didn’t.
Dave: You’re a dinosaur, Ken. Don’t you think technology’s a good thing?
Ken: That depends. Some stuff’s really useful, like the high tech equipment in hospitals that saves people’s lives, but as for the electronic gadgets people buy in the shops these days, most of them are so unnecessary. Satnav, for example – why do I need a computer to tell me where I am when I’m driving? I can read a map. I can even stop and ask another human being.
Dave: I find satnav very handy. It saves time.
Ken: I bet it’s never saved you more than five minutes. You love wasting your money, don’t you?
Dave: You won’t want to know what I bought at the weekend, then?
Ken: A phone that can make you breakfast?
Dave: No, an e-book reader. It’s amazing. It stores the words of hundreds of books electronically, and you can just hold it in your hands. Now I can have my whole book collection right there in front of me.
Ken: So can I. On the bookshelves in my house.
Dave: No, but with an e-book reader you can access any of your books at the touch of a button.
Ken: And I can access any of my books by getting off the sofa and walking about three metres. It’s not difficult, and it’s a lot cheaper.
Dave: Oh, Ken, you just don’t understand.
Ken: No, you’re right, I don’t.
Read the dialogue and find equivalents for the following:
Тяжело носить.
Иметь доступ в Интернет.
Проверять электронную почту в автобусе.
До того, как изобрели телефон.
Высокотехнологичное оборудование.
Я могу читать карту.
Спутниковый навигатор.
Полезный.
Тебе нравиться зря тратить деньги?
Электронная книга.
Нажатием кнопки.
Это намного дешевле.
Answer the questions below:
What do you think Dave means when he jokes that Ken’s mobile phone is a ‘brick’?
How old does Dave say Ken’s mobile is?
What word does Ken use to describe the electronic gadgets people buy in the shops these days?
What example of useful technology does Ken give?
What two things does Ken suggest people who are driving can do instead of using sat nav?
Ken jokes that Dave has bought something that doesn’t really exist – what is it?
What did Dave really buy at the weekend?
Where does Ken say his whole book collection is?
What do you think Dave means when he calls Ken a ‘dinosaur’?
What do you think Ken means when he says at the end of the conversation that he doesn’t understand?
Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F), or if the text doesn’t say (D).
Dave has a mobile phone.
Ken would like to have a camera on his mobile.
Dave often travels by bus.
Ken can drive a car.
Ken doesn’t believe sat nav saves Dave much time.
Dave is unhappy with his new e-book reader.
Ken would like an e-book reader too.
Dave lives in a house, not a flat.
Speak on the following:
1. If you could invent a new technological device, what would it be? Why would it be useful?
2. What will the library of the future be like?
3. How will family life be different one hundred years from now?
4. What will your chosen career be like one hundred years from now? Will it still exist?
Computer
1. Read and write the words
computer technology - компьютерные технологии
to weigh - весить
chip - чип, микросхема
pin head - булавочная головка
wrist - запястье
neural network - нейронная сеть
brain - мозг
to identify - опознавать
criminal - преступник
to surf the Internet - искать, "бродить" по Интернету
on-line shopping - покупки через Интернет (интернет- магазины)
all in all – в общем
2. Read and translate the text
Fifty years ago people didn't even hear of computers, and today we cannot imagine life without them.
Computer technology is the fastest-growing industry in the world. The first computer was the size of a minibus and weighed a ton. Today, its job can be done by a chip the size of a pin head. And the revolution is still going on. Very soon we'll have computers that we'll wear on our wrists or even in our glasses and earrings.
The next generation of computers will be able to talk and even think for themselves. They will contain electronic "neural networks". Of course, they'll be still a lot simpler than human brains, but it will be a great step forward. Such computers will help to diagnose illnesses, find minerals, identify criminals and control space travel.
Some people say that computers are dangerous, but I don't agree with them. They save a lot of time. They seldom make mistakes. It's much faster and easier to surf the Internet than to go to the library. On-line shopping makes it possible to find exactly what you want at the best price, saving both time and money. E-mail is a great invention, too. It's faster than sending a letter and cheaper than sending a telegram.
All in all, I strongly believe that computers are a useful tool. They have changed our life for the better. So why shouldn't we make them work to our advantage?
Answer the questions:
1. Have you got a computer?
2. Do you think it's a useful tool?
3. Will computers become smaller in the future?
4. Can the Internet help you to do your homework?
5. Can computers help us to learn foreign languages?
6. Do you play computer games?
7. What are the advantages of on-line shopping?
8. What are the advantages of e-mail?
9. Do you think that computers are bad for health?
10. Some people have made friends through the Internet. What about you?
11. Some people say that computers make us less sociable. Do you agree?
12. What will the next generation of computers be able to do?
№1. Match the verbs with the nouns.
1. recharge
2. click on
3. dial
4. give
5. move
6. print out
7. send and receive
8. take some
a. digital photos
b. faxes
c. a number on your mobile phone
d. a presentation
e. something with the mouse
f. the battery
g. the mouse
h. twenty pages
№2. Choose the best verb.
1. To turn on the computer, __________ the "Start" button.
a. touch b. press c. switch
2. The printer has __________ of ink.
a. finished b. ended c. run out
3. Unfortunately, my scanner isn't __________ at the moment.
a. working b. going c. doing
4. Please __________ the CD ROM.
a. insert b. introduce c. inject
5. The projector isn't working because it isn't __________.
a. plugged b. plugged in c. plugged into
6. The batteries in my digital camera are nearly dead. They need __________.
a. to change b. exchanging c. changing
7. I have to __________ a computer screen for eight hours a day.
a. see b. look at c. watch
8. Switch off your computer, and __________ it from the wall socket.
a. de-plug b. unplug c. non-plug
9. I turned off the photocopier and ___________ the plug.
a. pulled out b. extracted c. took away
10. __________ any key to continue.
a. Kick b. Smash c. Hit
№3. Choose the best word.
1. The mouse moves on a __________.
a. mouse mat b. mouse carpet c. mouse table
2. TV and computer screens are usually measured in __________.
a. feet b. miles c. inches
3. Before you start work, __________ the height of your chair
a. adjust b. change c. rearrange
4. To get sound from your computer, plug in a pair of __________.
a. loudhailers b. loudspeakers c. loud voices
5. The computer is connected to the telephone line via a __________.
a. module b. modem c. mod
6. You can increase the functions or performance of a computer with an __________.
a. extension card b. exploding card c. expansion card
7. Mobile phones and PDAs can communicate with computers via __________.
a. Bluebeard ® b. Blueberry ® c. Bluetooth ®
8. There's a spare __________ in the workstation…
a. electric hole b. power point c. electrical opening
9. …so you can plug in your mobile phone __________.
a. charger b. power c. electrification
10. SD cards can be read in a computer's __________.
a. storage reader b. memory reader c. card reader
Internet
Read and translate the text:
Internet is a network connecting many computer networks & based on a common addressing system & communications protocol.
The Internet has its origin in the US Department of Defence program called Advanced Research Projects Agency Network. The program was created in order to provide a communications network for organizations dealing with defence research.
From its creation in 1983 the Internet has been growing into increasingly popular mass media. Nowadays it connects millions of computers throughout the world. The sphere of its usage has also been extended by the connecting of many other computer networks & the communications services. The original uses of the Internet were electronic mail (commonly called “E-mail”), file transfer, using file transfer protocol, newsgroups & remote computer access (telnet).
By 1990 the World-Wide Web, which enables simple navigation of the Internet sites through a graphical interface, had also extended greatly & became the most important component of the Internet.
The Internet connected millions of computers throughout the world. Many commercial computer network & data services also provided at least indirect connection to the Internet. Amateur radio, cable television wires, spread-spectrum radio, satellite & fibre optics all have been used to deliver Internet services. Networked games, networked monetary transactions & virtual museums are among applications being developed that both extend the network`s utility & test the limits of its technology.
№1. Complete the sentences.
1. The Internet has its origin in …
2. The sphere of its usage …
3… became the most important component of the Internet.
4…. all have been used to deliver Internet services.
№2. Answer the questions.
What is Internet?
Where was the Internet created and what for?
What were the original uses of the Internet?
Why is the Internet so popular nowadays?
What computer system makes it possible to send letters very quickly?
What system allows computer users around the world to send and to obtain information?
What programs provide colourful pictures and sound?
What is the name of a computer-created “world”, which seems almost completely real?
What is a special term, which means “to obtain stored information from a computer's memory”?
What do we call a disk on which a large quantity of information can be stored?
What do you call a sudden, unexpected computer failure?
What is the term for the electrical or electronic components of a computer?
What do we call a large collection of data that is stored in a computer system?
What is the term for a set on instructions secretly put into a computer that destroys the information stored in it and stops it from working normally?
Where on the Internet can you look for about products and services offered by a company or organisation?
What is WWW?
What store of information can you easily put into your pocket?
What do we call a set of computer programs to control the operation of a computer?
What kind of computer can you use on the plane?
№3. Retell the text.
№4. Read the text and choose the best answer (A–D) for each question (1– 4).
Tim Berners-Lee looks ordinary – he is about 45 years old and has brown hair. His life is quite normal – he was born in England, but his home is now in Massachusetts, USA. But, in 1989, Tim had a very important idea. He invented the World Wide Web.
Tim went to school in London. His parents both worked with computers, so it isn’t surprising that he loved computers from an early age. When he was eighteen, he left school and went to Oxford University, where he studied Physics. At Oxford he became more and more interested in computers, and he made his first computer from an old television. He graduated in 1976 and got a job with a computer company in Dorset, England.
In 1989, he went to work in Switzerland, where he first had the idea of an international information network linked by computer … and he decided to call it the World Wide Web.
In 1994, he went to live in the United States, where he now works. In 1995, he wrote an article in the New York Times where he said ‘The Web is a universe of information: it is for everyone.’ His idea of a web, where people from all over the world can exchange information, is now real.
1. Where was Tim Berners-Lee born?
A. in Massachusetts
B. in Oxford
C. in Dorset
D. in England
2. What did Tim study at Oxford University?
A. computers
B. school
C. the world wide web
D. physics
3. What did he make when he was at Oxford?
A. a television
B. the first computer
C. a computer company
D. a computer
4. When did he invent the World Wide Web?
A. 45 years old
B. in Switzerland
C. in 1989
D. in 1994
№5. Choose the best word from each pair in italic type (1-6).
Some people think that the internet and the Web are the same thing, but in fact they are different. The internet (often called simply "the net") is a global 1 network / net of interconnected computers. These computers communicate with each other 2 over / through existing telecommunications networks – principally, the telephone system. The Word Wide Web (usually known as just "the Web") is the billions of web pages that are stored on large computers called web 3 servers / services.
To 4 see / access the web, you need a computer and a modem. You then connect over your telephone line to an internet service 5 port / provider (ISP), which sends your request to view a particular web page to the correct web server.
Websites are not the only service available on the internet. It is also used for many other functions, including sending and receiving email, and connecting to newsgroups and 6 discussion / talking groups.
You could say that the internet is a system of roads, and web pages and emails are types of traffic that travel on those roads.
№6. Put these operations in the order that you do them (variations are possible).
__ close down your browser
__ connect to your ISP
__ disconnect from the internet
__ enter a web address (also known as a URL*) into the address field
__ launch your browser (for example, Internet Explorer or Mozilla Firefox)
__ perhaps wait for a few seconds while the web-page downloads
__ view the page
Why are we so excited about the internet?
What exactly is it that gets us all so excited about the Internet? As well as being a global network of networks, the Internet is a global network of people, ideas and information. The Net is as interesting and exciting as the people, organisations, companies, governments and weirdoes that are connected to it.
There is another thing that's exciting about the Internet. Like love and life, the Net is what you make it. If you don't like what's happening on one part of the network, you can build yourself a whole new cybercity, appoint yourself as mayor and run it exactly as you want.
The Internet enables you to do a lot of things simultaneously. You can read the latest copy of your favourite newspaper while planning your night's TV viewing and ordering some cheap CDs from an American discount disc store.
You can send e-mail to someone you've never met before ... Some people have "met" over the Internet and got married.
The first web browsers only supported simple texts and images, but now a multitude of multimedia plug-ins enables webpages to sing and dance.
From PC banking to online shopping and chats with celebrities, the Internet is already changing our lives. The arrival of digital TV promises even more exciting things.
HOOKED ON THE NET
The latest addiction to trap thousands of people is the Internet, which has been blamed for broken relationships, job losses, financial ruin and even suicide. Psychologists now recognize Internet Addiction Syndrome (IAS) as a new illness that could cause serious problems and ruin many lives.
IAS is similar to other problems like gambling, smoking and drinking: addicts have dreams about the Internet; they need to use it first thing in the morning; they lie to their parents and partners about how much time they spend online; they wish they could cut down, but are unable to do so.
Many users spend up to 40 hours a week on the Internet. Some of the addicts are teenagers who are already hooked on computer games and who find it very difficult to resist the games on the Internet.
(from Sunday Times, abridged)
79 266
202 
