Методическая разработка на тему "лингвострановедческий материал на уроках иностранного языка"

Введение

Как сохранить интерес учащихся к иностранному языку на всем протяжении его изучения? Этот вопрос широко обсуждается в методической литературе последних лет. Большую роль в поддержании мотивов к изучению иностранного языка играет введение на уроках элементов страноведения. Тексты страноведческого характера занимают сегодня все большее место в процессе обучения иностранным языкам. Благодаря таким текстам, учащиеся знакомятся с реалиями страны изучаемого языка, получают дополнительные знания в области географии, образования, культуры и т.д. Содержание страноведческих текстов должно быть значимым для учеников, иметь определенную новизну, будь то общие сведения об образовательных учреждениях, о государственном устройстве, о детских и юношеских организациях страны изучаемого языка или об особенностях речевого поведения и этикета. Уроки страноведения вызывают у учеников потребность в дальнейшем самостоятельном ознакомлении со страноведческими материалами. И именно лингвострановедение должно служить опорой для поддержания мотивации, т.к. включает в себя два аспекта:

1. идет обучение языку

2. дает сведения о стране

Таким образом, данный эксперимент необходим для выявления роли лингвострановедческого материала в процессе обучения иностранным языкам. Поэтому и предметом нашего исследования станет процесс усвоения лингвострановедческого материала.

Иноязычная культура как цель обучения

Итак, чему же мы учим, когда обучаем иностранному языку?

Из определения И. Я. Лернера, обучение — это передача молодому поколению культуры в полном объеме. Общий культурный фонд становится достоянием человека благодаря овладению его «разделами»: физическая, музыкальная, эстетическая, художественная культура, как и отдельные школьные предметы: пение — урок музыкальной культуры, урок рисования —урок художественной культуры. Соответственно предмет «иностранный язык» несет иностранную культуру.

Иностранная культура — это то, что способен принести учащимся процесс овладения иностранным языком в учебном, познавательном, развивающем и воспитательном аспектах.

Иностранная культура как цель обучения имеет социальное, лингвострановедческое, педагогическое и психологическое содержание, которое соотносится со всеми аспектами обучения и вытекает из содержания предмета «иностранный язык».Однако в таком общественном виде иностранная культура не может явиться целью обучения, так как овладение ею происходит не сразу, а постепенно. Поэтому в иностранной культуре выделяются сначала какие-то наиболее существенные ее разделы — компоненты цели, а затем они конкретизируются в объектах обучения. При этом важно решить две задачи: 1) Выделить тот круг объектов, которыми можно овладеть за часы, отведенные на изучение иностранного языка; 2) Установить оптимальное соотношение группы объектов, входящих в учебный, познавательный, развивающий и воспитательный аспекты.

Соотнеся элементы содержания иностранной культуры с аспектами обучения, можно определить компоненты иноязычной культуры как цели обучения:

1. Учебный аспект—социальное содержание цели. Данный аспект включает овладение иностранным языком как средством межличностного общения, а так же приобретение навыков самостоятельной работы, как процесс совершенствования уровня иноязычной культуры;

2. Познавательный аспект — лингвострановедческое содержание цели. Используется как средство обогащения духовного мира личности и реализуется преимущественно на основе рецептивных видов деятельности: чтения и аудирования.

3. Развивающий аспект — психологическое содержание цели. В данный аспект входит главная цель — развитие речевых способностей, психических функций, умений общаться, определенного уровня мотивации, которую нужно настойчиво и систематически развивать специальными средствами, включенными в систему обучения.

4. Воспитательный аспект — педагогическое содержание цели. Обучение иноязычной культуре является средством всех сторон воспитания.

Лингвистика и страноведческий аспект в преподавании английского языка.

Понятия «страноведения» и «лингвострановедения»

Знакомство с культурой страны изучаемого языка было одной из главных задач еще со времен античности. Преподавание классических языков, как трактовка религиозных текстов, не мыслится без культуроведческого комментирования. В преподавании живых языков с конца XIV века на первое место наряду с устной речью выдвигается ознакомление с реалиями страны изучаемого языка. Особенно это было характерно для немецкой лингво-дидактической школы. В нашей стране различные сведения о том или ином государстве, преподаваемые процессе обучения языку (или в связи с изучением языка), принято называть страноведением, в Германии—культуроведением (kulturkunde), в Американских учебных заведениях существуют курсы языка и территорий (language and area), во Французской методической школе бытует понятие «язык и цивилизация» (langue et civilisation). Английскими коллегами используется теория linguacultural studies—«лингвокультурные исследования».

Временный государственный образовательный стандарт в число целей обучения иностранным языкам на базовом уровне включает воспитание у «школьников положительного отношения к иностранному языку, культуре народа, говорящего на этом языке. Образование средствами иностранного языка предполагает знание о культуре, истории, реалиях и традициях страны изучаемого языка (лингвострановедение, страноведение).

Существуют два подхода к обучению культуре в процессе обучения иностранным языкам: обществоведческий и философский. Первый подход основывается на дисциплине, традиционно связанной с изучением любого иностранного языка. Страноведение понимается как комплексная учебная дисциплина, включающая в себя разнообразные сведения о стране изучаемого языка. В отличие от фундаментальных наук, на которых оно базируется, страноведение включает в себя разнообразные сведения фрагментарного характера и определяется, как дисциплина в системе географических наук, занимающаяся комплексным изучением материалов, стран, крупных районов.

Теории «Лингвострановедения» подчеркивают, что это направление, сочетает в себе, с одной стороны, обучение языку, а с другой — дает определенные сведения о стране изучаемого языка.

Если мы будем вводить лингвострановедческий материал, основанный главным образом на знаниях страны изучаемого языка, определенными, нормированными тематически ориентированными порциями, то это внедрение будет способствовать усвоению языка, не только в качестве коммуникативной функции. Чем выше будет уровень сформированности активной речевой деятельности, тем сильнее и устойчивее будут внутренние мотивы, которые в единстве с широкими социальными и обеспечат положительное отношение к политической, экономической и культурной жизни страны изучаемого языка. Таким образом, будут реализованы воспитательная, образовательная, развивающая и, главным образом, практическая цели, зафиксированные в Госстандарте.

Учебно-методическая карта по теме «Великобритания: Англия, Шотландия, Уэльс, Северная Ирландия».

Перед ознакомлением страноведческого материала по теме «Great Britain: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland» некоторые учащиеся изъявили желание самостоятельно подготовить сообщения по странам, входящим в состав Соединённого Королевства (см. Приложение №1). Мы должны отметить, что это заметно облегчает работу преподавателя в подготовке к уроку. Более того, это помогает развивать коммуникативные навыки и навыки выступления перед аудиторией.

Необходимо упомянуть, что на уроке был использован учебник Planet of English, автора Бескоровайная….

Итак, первым этапом урока была разминка – warm-up, где студенты должны были проассоциировать название различных мест со страной изучаемого языка, т.е с Великобританией. Учащиеся справились с этим заданием довольно успешно, что уже говорит о наличии у них знаний о стране изучаемого языка.

Далее учитель кратко рассказал о Соединённом Королевстве (см. Приложение №2), используя при этом географическую карту, чтобы облегчить восприятие учащихся о географических данных страны. Во время краткого сообщения преподавателя, студенты могли фиксировать всю информацию. После этого, учащиеся ответили на вопросы, которые были отражены в презентации.

Затем студенты записали новые слова и выражения по теме перед выполнением следующего задания – прочтением текста. Вниманию студентов был представлен текст страноведческой тематики, после которого они должны были ответить на вопросы (см. Приложение №3).

Далее, мы продолжили работу по теме «Соединённое Королевство, выполняя упражнения из учебника (см. Приложение №4). Необходимо отметить, что все лексико-грамматические упражнения направлены на отработку знаний по теме.

Помимо этого, во время урока учащиеся также просмотрели обучающий фильм на английском языке по заданной тематике и прослушали аудиозапись, после чего выполнили упражнения.

И последующим, можно сказать, завершающим этапом урока явилось представление сообщений, подготовленных студентами. Каждое сообщение касалось непосредственно каждой страны, входящей в состав Соединённого Королевства. Учащиеся подробно рассказали об экономическом, географическом положении стран, об их культурных и национальных традициях. После чего весь материал был закреплён подготовленными студентами вопросами.

Приложение 1

England

England is one of the most famous and wealthiest countries in the world


England is bordered by Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. It takes its name from Angles. That was the name of the Germanic tribes that settled in the territory during the fifth and sixth century.
England enjoys a temperate climate. It has rainfall all year around. England is the second largest economy in Europe. It is the fifth largest economy in the world. It is also the largest of the four economies of the United Kingdom. At least a hundred of Europe's five hundred largest corporations are based in London.

England is also home to the London Stock Exchange. The London Stock Exchange is the largest stock exchange in Europe and is the main stock exchange in the United Kingdom. The official currency of England is the Pound Sterling.
London, capital of England, imports materials like tea, raw sugar, timber, butter, meat, and various metals. Tourism is the sixth largest industry in the United Kingdom.
England also has the world's used books market at Hay-on-Wye, a small village bordering England and Wales. It's a country of high society and high tea, intellect, education, and culture. The world's oldest and largest chained library lies in the Hereford Cathedral, England. The Windsor castle is the oldest royal residence in the world still in use. It occupies more than thirteen acres of land.

The world's oldest public zoo was opened in London in 1828.

The London Eye is the tallest observation wheel in the world and the most popular tourist attraction in the United Kingdom.
Arndale is the common name for a shopping center in the United Kingdom.
The River Thames which flows through London, has over 200 bridges and 20 tunnels.

Red Lion is the most popular name of a pub in Britain.
Contrary to popular belief, the Big Ben is not the name of the clock tower, but actually the bell inside it. The tower is known as actually the Elizabeth Tower.

Scotland

Facts About Scotland
Until May 1, 1707 the Kingdom of Scotland was an independent state. Despite widespread protests in Scotland, the Acts of Union resulted in the union of Scotland and Kingdom of England which created the Kingdom of Great Britain. Since then, Scotland has been a part of Great Britain along with Northern Ireland, England, and Wales.
Edinburgh is the capital. Scotland is famous for its mountain scenery, lochs (lakes), brooks, and an incredible coastline.

The motto of Scotland is 'Nemo me impune lacessit' which means 'No one provokes me with impunity'. The word Scotland is derived from the Latin word 'Scoti' that was user to refer to Gaels and later on the word 'Scotia' came into picture meaning the 'land of the Gaels'. It was initially used to refer to Ireland but around the 11th century.

Scotland and Lochs

In Scotland, 'loch' is used to describe any enclosed large expanse of water and is derived from the Gaelic word 'lochan', which means a small lake or pool. The largest loch by area is the Loch Lomond which is about 72 square kilometers in size while the largest loch by volume is Loch Ness. Legend has it that, a great big sea monster lives in the depth of Loch Ness.

Interesting Facts about Scotland


▶ The flag of Scotland has the Cross of St. Andrew on a blue background.
▶ As Scotland is a part of the United Kingdom, the head of state in Scotland is the monarch of the United Kingdom, that is Queen Elizabeth II. The parliament is responsible for health services, social work services, and local government services.
▶ Scotland lost the greatest number of soldiers per head of population in World War I.
▶ English is the official language of Scotland and there has been a considerable decrease in the percentage of population speaking Gaelic Scottish.
▶ Scotland is a Protestant dominant country. Despite this fact, Scotland's Catholic Church has the greatest number of observed Saints days in the world.
▶ The official animal of Scotland is the Unicorn.
▶ Although Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland, it is not the largest city. The largest city in Scotland is Glasgow.
▶ Scotland emphasizes on a broad education system and was the first country since Sparta is classical Greece to implement a system of general public education. Further, there are 14 Scottish universities, some of which are the oldest universities in the world.
As described above, Scotland seems to have it all, a beautiful landscape, excellent weather, beautiful lochs, and a rich and varied culture.

Wales

Facts About Welsh Surnames

Back in medieval Wales people used their forename linked to their father's name by the word "ap" or "ab", meaning "son of" .So, John, the son of Rhys would be John ap Rhys

Of course the most common Welsh surname is Jones. Welsh villages used to have so many Joneses that they would distinguish them by adding an occupation to the name: Jones the Shop, Jones the Steam, Jones the Post etc.

Famous Welsh Men and Women

• Aneurin Bevin - father of the National Health Service

• David Lloyd George - British Prime Minister

• St David - a Welshman who became Wales' patron saint.

• Dylan Thomas - poet

• Henry Morgan - privateer

• Richard Burton - actor

• Catherine Zeta-Jones - actress

• John Dee - alchemist

• Charlotte Church - singer

• Katherine Jenkins - singer

Flag of Wales

The red dragon is on the Flag of Wales.

Facts About Welsh History

It was the Romans who first started recording the history of Wales in 48 BC, but of course the Welsh had been around long before then. Wales has been inhabited perhaps as far back as 230,000 BC. Over many centuries Wales was settled by migrant groups, most significantly by the Celts in the Bronze Age.

Since the Norman Conquest in 1066 much of Wales' history has been of struggle to prevent invasion by the English.

• The Romans managed to conquer Wales in 78 AD (the conquest began in 48 AD). The remained until 383 AD.

• One Welsh town was founded by the Romans: Caerwent.

• After the Romans left, Wales was divided into several kingdoms, including Gwynedd, Powys, Dyfed and Gwent.

• Rhodri Mawr (Rhodri the Great) was King of Gwynedd from around 820 to 878 AD and managed to unite most of Wales.

• Llewellyn ap Gruffydd was the last great of Welsh resistance to the English; he was defeated by Edward I of England.

• Edward I consolidated his victory by building many great castles in Wales and by giving his son the title of Prince of Wales in 1301.

• In 1455 Henry Tudor, Welsh by descent, wrested the throne of England from Richard III and became Henry VII.

• Wales became largely Nonconformist during the 18th and 19th centuries. The Presbyterian Church of Wales was formally established in 1823, following a split from the Anglican Church in 1811.

• Wales was heavily industrialised during the 18th and 19th centuries, with many communities in South Wales relying on the coal mining industry. When the Conservative government began to cutback the nationalised industry in 1981, they backed down in the face of a strong challenge from the NUM (National Union of Miners). However, by 1983 the government pushed ahead and the Welsh miners came out on strike on 5 March 1984; they returned to work on 3 March 1985.

Facts About the Geography of Wales

• Wales has six cities: Cardiff, Swansea, Newport, St David's, Bangor and St Asaph.

• There are three main mountainous regions in Wales: Snowdonia, the Brecon Beacons and the Cambrian Mountains.

• Wales has three National Parks: Brecon Beacons National Park, Pembrokeshire Coast National Park and Snowdonia National Park.

• The Gower Peninsula was the first area of Great Britain to be declared an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty in 1956.

• Wales' largest island is Anglesey.

• Mount Snowdon is the highest peak at 3,560 feet.

• Llyn Tegid, or Bala Lake, in Gwynedd, is the largest natural lake, at 1,196 acres.

The Welsh National Anthem

Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau, or Land of my Fathers, was composed in 1856 by a father and son in Pontypridd.

Patagonian Welsh

Welsh is also spoken in areas of Argentina and Chile (Y Wladfa - The Colony). Welsh settlers brought the language with them in 1865 and their descendants continue to speak Welsh (combined with some Spanish words too). The original settlers were Welsh nationalists who emigrated because they felt that their culture and language were under threat in their native land.

The Welsh Language

Welsh is a Celtic language. Like Cornish and Breton it is of the Brythonic branch of Celtic; Irish, Scottish Gaelic and Manx belong to the other branch, Goidelic. Brythonic languages are thought to be akin to the original British language spoken below the Firth of Forth. Welsh has always been spoken in Wales, but it did become a minority language in the early 20th Century and continued a slow decline. However, the number of Welsh speakers is now gradually increasing.

Northern Ireland

Northern Ireland, integral part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, situated in the northeastern portion of the island of Ireland. Northern Ireland is also known as Ulster, because it comprises six of the nine counties that constituted the former province of Ulster.

Land.The total area of Northern Ireland is 14,148 sq km (5463 sq miles. A striking feature of the northern coast is the Giant's Causeway, a rock formation consisting of thousands of closely placed, polygonal pillars of black basalt. The country consists mainly of a low, flat plain in the approximate center of which is Lough Neagh , the largest lake in the British Isles. The chief rivers are the Foyle River, and the Upper Bann and Lower Bann rivers

Climate. The climate of Northern Ireland is mild and damp throughout the year.

Natiral Resources. The most valuable natural resources of Northern Ireland are its fertile soil and rich pasturelands. Natural waterpower is abundant. The official language is English. The capital and largest city of Northern Ireland is Belfast, which is surrounded by heavy industries including shipbuilding and textiles. The other major city in Northern Ireland is Londonderry.

Political Divisions. Northern Ireland is divided into 26 districts. Each district is governed by an elected council.

Religion. The descendants of the Scottish and English settlers are predominantly Protestant; those of the original Irish inhabitants are overwhelmingly Roman Catholic. In the early 1990s, almost 51 percent of the population regarded themselves as Protestant, and almost 39 percent as Roman Catholic.

Education. Education in Northern Ireland is free and compulsory for children between the ages of 5 and 15. The educational system is essentially similar to that of EnglandThe country has two universities: Queen's University of Belfast, founded as Queen's College in 1845, and the University of Ulster (1984), with campuses in Coleraine, Belfast, Jordanstown, and Londonderry.

Culture. Originally, Northern Ireland was culturally indistinguishable from the remainder of Ireland. However, with the waves of colonization from England and Scotland during the 17th century, the northeastern province of Ulster evolved a distinctive cultural identity.

Agriculture. Small farms predominate in Northern Ireland, and production generally includes both crops and livestock. The leading crops in the country were potatoes, barley, hay, oats, turnips, apples, and pears.

Mining and Manufacturing.Mining and quarrying are relatively unimportant economic activities in Northern Ireland. The chief minerals are basalt, sand and gravel, peat, chalk, limestone, and granite. Manufacturing is a major source of the national product. Manufacturing and construction accounted for about one-fifth of the employed work force. Traditionally, the leading industries of Northern Ireland have been the manufacture of textiles and clothing. Linen is the most important textile manufactured.

Local Government. Northern Ireland is divided into 26 districts for the purposes of local government. Each district is run by a council responsible for a variety of administrative functions. Political Parties. The Ulster Unionist Party governed Northern Ireland from 1921 to 1972. More recently, the party has split into two groups; the Official Unionist and the Democratic Unionist. The other main political parties are the Social Democratic and Labour Party, the Alliance Party, and Sinn Fein.

Приложение 2

Great Britain

Great Britain is an island comprising three countries. The Channel Tunnel, an undersea rail tunnel connects it with Continental Europe. It is the ninth-largest and the third-most populous island in the world.

Great Britain is a large island surrounded by around 1,000 small islands and islets. It houses England, Scotland and Wales along with their capitals. Great Britain lies to the northwest of Continental Europe. It belongs to the island group British Isles.
Fast Facts
✦ Capital(s): London is the capital of United Kingdom and England. Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland, and Cardiff is the capital of Wales.
✦ National Anthem: God Save the Queen (is mainly played when the Queen makes a public appearance, at the end of Remembrance Day services, and at medal ceremonies)
✦ Official Language: English
✦ Religion: Christianity
Long, Long Ago...
In the Iron Age, Britons who spoke the Celtic language inhabited Great Britain. After being conquered by the Romans, the province came to be known as the ancient Roman province of Britannia. After the decline of the Roman Empire, the Britons assimilated with the Germanic tribes. They together, were called the English people.
About the Name 'Great Britain'
✦ Great Britain was known as the land of Albinos and hence its name was Albion. Britain derived its name from Britannia, a word used by the Romans for the British Isles.
✦ Since 1922, the official name of UK is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
Geography
✦ Great Britain is the largest island of the British Isles

✦ The North Atlantic Ocean lies to the north of Great Britain while the North Sea lies to its east. Great Britain is separated from Continental Europe by the English Channel.
Ben Nevis, at a height of 1344 meters is the highest point in Great Britain.
London, England

✦ The country derives its name from Englaland or land of the Angles. Angles refers to Germanic tribes that inhabited England in the Early Middle Ages.

✦ The Parliament of the United Kingdom directly governs England.

✦ England is home to some of the top universities and educational centers in the world. The English language and the English law are two of England's important contributions to society. The Industrial Revolution began in this country and England was first to become an industrialized nation.
Edinburgh, Scotland
✦ Occupying the northern region of Great Britain, Scotland has England to its south, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west and the North sea to the east. It occupies an area of more than 30,000 square miles.

✦ The country derives its name from Scotia or the land of Gales which was a term formerly used to refer to Ireland.

✦ Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland and its second-largest city.
✦ Scotland has a devolved government. The Monarch of the United Kingdom is the Head of State of Scotland. A member of the Scottish Parliament is appointed as the First Minister. The appointment is made by the Queen on nomination of the Parliament. The First Minister selects other ministers to form the Scottish Government.

✦ Scotland is famous for its freshwater lakes. It has a cultural heritage of medieval castles and it hosts many arts and music festivals, which people across the globe look forward to attend.
Cardiff, Wales
✦ Wales occupies an area of around 8000 square miles.
✦ It derives its name from Walh, adopted from Volcae, a Celtic tribe.
✦ Cardiff is the largest city of Wales. It is the country's capital since 1955. The Wales national assembly is in Cardiff and the city is also a large cultural and media center. It is one of the flattest cities in Britain.
✦ Wales has a devolved government. The National Assembly of Wales elects a First Minister. He selects ministers who form the Welsh Government.
✦ Wales has a long history and a unique culture. It is known as the land of song.

People and Culture
✦ The culture of Great Britain is a blend of the English, Scottish and Welsh cultures which are similar in some ways and different in others. Add to this diversity, the influence of migration of people from around the world to Great Britain.

✦ Fish and chips is a popular takeaway dish.

✦ Easter and Christmas are national public holidays in the United Kingdom.
✦ Christianity is the religion of a majority of Great Britain's population. Hinduism and Sikhism are among the other religions followed. The Church of England is the officially established Christian church.

✦ The British literature is one of the oldest and the richest in the world.

✦ Football, rugby, and cricket are popular among the British. The national sport of Wales is the Rugby union, while golf is the national sport of Scotland. Cricket is the national sport of England.

Politics
✦ The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland also known as the British Parliament is the highest legislative body in the country. The Palace of Westminster, London houses it. The parliament is bicameral; it consists of an upper house (House of Lords) and a lower house (House of Commons), and the Queen as its third component.

British Flags
St. Andrew's Cross

Also known as the St. Andrew's Cross or the Saltire, this flag is used by the Government of Scotland, sports teams that represent the country, and by the ordinary citizens.
Red Dragon

Also known as the Red Dragon, the Government of Wales uses this flag. It is also used by Welsh sports teams and ordinary citizens.
St. George's Cross

Also known as St. George's Cross, it is used by the Church of England and also by England's sports teams and ordinary citizens.
Union Flag

This is recognized as the flag of Great Britain. It is the Union Flag or Union Jack and is used as the national flag by the government of United Kingdom.

Приложение 3

Приложение 4

Which things belong to the United Kingdom?

• Oxford University 8. Mickey Mouse

2. Metropolitan Museum 9. double-decker

of Art

3. Big Ben 10. cricket

4. Eiffel Tower 11. kilt

5. five-o’clock tea 12. Disneyland

6. Brooklyn Bridge 13. Yale University

7. Beefeater 14. Versailles

Some facts about Great Britain 1. consists of 4 countries: England, Scotland, Wales,Nothern Ireland 2. Capitals: London, Edinburgh, Cardiff, Belfast 3. National Anthem: God Save the Queen 4. about the name: derived its name from Britannia 5. washed by: the North Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea

6. separated from the continent by: the English Channel

7. politically: constitutional monarchy

8. real power have: Parliament & Prime Minister

9. Popular dish: fish and chips

10. National public holidays: Easter and Christmas

11. Official language: English

12. Popular sports: football, rugby and cricket

13. The highest legislative body: the Parliament (consists of House of Lords and House of Commons)

14. Great Britain’s flag: Union Flag or Union Jack

Answer the questions

• What does Great Britain consist of?
• What is the capital of Great Britain? What other cities do you know?
• What are the main attractions of Great Britain?
• What place would you like to visit most of all?

Vocabulary

The British Isles- Британские острова

The Straits of Dover- пролив Па-де-Кале

Sheep-breeding- овцеводство

Scenery- пейзаж

Moor(land)- вересковая пустошь

Plain- равнина

Sovereign- монарх

To reign- править

Fertile- плодородный

Populated- населённый

Mountainous- гористый

Coastal- прибрежный

Valley- долина

Vast- обширный

Rocky- скалистый

Machinery- машиностроение

Food processing- пищевая промышл-ть

Industry - отрасль

Answer the questions

• Where is the UK situated?
• What separates the British Isles from the European continent?
• How many parts does the UK consist of?
• What are the largest cities in the UK?
• What is the UK politically?
• Who is the head of the sate & who rules the country?

7. Who is the Sovereign now in the Uk?

8. What is the heart of the UK?

9. What country is the smallest in the UK?

10. What covers the largest part of Wales?

11. What can you say about Scotland?

12. When did the Northern Ireland become the part of Great Britain?

13. What are the main industries in the Northern Ireland? What’s the capital?

14. What’s the capital of the UK?

15. What river does London stand on?

1. Britain which is formally known as the United Kingdom of … is the political unity of …

2. It is located …

3. Its total area is about …

4. The coasts of the UK are washed by …

5. The scenery is …

6. The capital of the UK is …

7. The official language is …

8. The national symbols of the UK are …

9. Its form of government is a …

10. Officially the supreme legislative authority is the … and the two Houses of Parliament: …

11. But the Queen …

12. There are three major political parties: …

12. There are three major political parties: …

13. The largest cities are …

14. The chief river is …

15. Britain’s major industries include …

Thank you for attention