МЕТОДИЧНІ РЕКОМЕНДАЦІЇ проведення презентації країнознавчого гуртка «Early Britain» на тему: «Early Celts»

Міністерство освіти і науки України

Індустріальний технікум ДонДТУ

МЕТОДИЧНІ РЕКОМЕНДАЦІЇ

проведення презентації країнознавчого гуртка «Early Britain»

на тему: «Early Celts»

Керівник гуртка:

Викладач Єрьменко О.І.

Алчевськ

2013

Затверджено: О.О. Тріфонова – заступник директора з ВР

Узгоджено: О.М. Казанцева – методист

Розглянуто та схвалено на засіданні

комісії іноземних мов

Протокол № __8__ від _15.11.2013р.

Голова комісії ______ О.І. Єрьоменко

Вступ

Гурток «Early Britain. English-Speaking Countries» працює перший навчальний рік.

Основною метою роботи гуртка є:

• зацікавити студентів вивченням англійської мови;

• ознайомити студентів з історією країни, мова якої вивчається;

- розширити кругозір студентів за рахунок надання додаткової інформації, пов’язаної з такими галузями науки, як культурологія, археологія, географія, етнографія;

• розвивати у студентів навички аудіювання іншомовного тексту, перекладу та читання ;

• розвивати пізнавальну діяльність студентів, зорову та слухову пам’ять студентів, вміння працювати у різних режимах роботи;

• навчити студентів користуватися додатковою літературою;

• виховувати повагу до історії Великобританії;

• виховувати культуру спілкування.

Сценарій презентації гуртка «Early Britain»

Тема: “ Early Celts ”

Мета: поглиблення знань студентів з історії, археології,

культурології, географії Великобританії,

розвивати навички розуміння інформаційного тексту,

вміння самостійно надавати інформацію,

розвивати мовну догадку, готовність до участі

в іншомовному спілкуванні,

розвивати навички аудіювання, письма, читання, перекладу,

виховувати повагу до історії Великобританії.

Обладнання: комп’ютер, підключений до Інтернету,

проектор, екран, роздатковий матеріал країнознавчого плану для

виконання завдань Інтернет-гри, ілюстративний матеріал до пунктів

плану презентації, підсумкова вікторина з завданнями, пов’язаними

зі змістом презентації, назва гуртка на плакаті.

Форма проведення: презентація

Послідовність проведення:

1. Вступне слово керівника гуртка.

Good afternoon, dear guests and students!

As you can guess, the name of our English club is «Early Britain». The purpose of our club is to help students to know more about the history of the people whose native tongue they are learning. At the same time this club will help students to master new information not only in the field of history but also in the fields of archeology, art-criticism, geography and so on.

Our today’s meeting is devoted to the people who inhabited Britain in ancient times. They are Celts. We’ll know how they lived and what they did. Our students, the members of the club, have to present their projects they were supposed to prepare for today. We’ll listen to their projects, look at the illustrations for these projects and play interesting on-line game. We’ll make the tasks and answer the questions from the quis.

Some illustrations give us an idea about Celts, their way of life, their enemies Romans.

Let’s listen and see!

So the first group of students is invited to start with their presentation.

1. На екрані заставка “Who are the Celts?”(Fact File BBC Wales Education). Текст доповіді на тему “Who are the Celts?” читає один

зі студентів гуртка, інший перекладає паралельно текст доповіді на рідну мову.

1. На екрані заставка “The Evidence”(Fact File BBC Wales Education). Текст доповіді на тему “Celtic Mythology” читає один зі студентів гуртка, інший перекладає паралельно текст доповіді на рідну мову.

Після доповіді викладач демонструє сюжет під назвою “In the roundhouse”( BBC Wales Education, гра “Iron Age Celts”).

Студенти виконують завдання №1.

1. На екрані заставка “Homes”(Fact File BBC Wales Education). Текст доповіді на тему “Celts’ Houses” читає один зі студентів гуртка, інший перекладає паралельно текст доповіді на рідну мову.

Після доповіді викладач демонструє сюжет під назвою “Build a hillfort”( BBC Wales Education, гра “Iron Age Celts”).

Студенти виконують завдання №2.

1. На екрані заставка “Metalwork”(Fact File BBC Wales Education). Текст доповіді на тему “The Primitive Communal System” читає один зі студентів гуртка, інший перекладає паралельно текст доповіді на рідну мову.

2. На екрані заставка “Clothes and appearance”(Fact File BBC Wales Education). Текст доповіді на тему “Celts’ Clothes” читає один зі студентів гуртка, інший перекладає паралельно текст доповіді на рідну мову.

Після доповіді викладач демонструє сюжети під назвою “Design a torc” і “A tale of weaving” ( BBC Wales Education, гра “Iron Age Celts”).

Студенти виконують завдання №3.

1. На екрані заставка “Warriors”(Fact File BBC Wales Education). Текст доповіді на тему “The Roman Conquest of Britain” читає один зі студентів гуртка, інший перекладає паралельно текст доповіді на рідну мову.

Після доповіді викладач демонструє сюжети під назвою “The smartest warrior”, “The war chariot”(BBC Wales Education, гра “Iron Age Celts”).

Студенти виконують завдання №4.

1. На екрані заставка “Druids”(Fact File BBC Wales Education). Текст доповіді на тему “Druids” читає один зі студентів гуртка, інший перекладає паралельно текст доповіді на рідну мову.

Після доповіді викладач демонструє сюжет під назвою “Dream for a druid” ( BBC Wales Education, гра “Iron Age Celts”).

1. На екрані заставка “Roman Rule”(Fact File BBC Wales Education). Текст доповіді на тему “Roman Influence in Britain” читає один зі студентів гуртка, інший перекладає паралельно текст доповіді на рідну мову.

Після доповіді викладач демонструє сюжет під назвою “Roman rule” ( BBC Wales Education, гра “Iron Age Celts”).

Доповідь 1:

Who are the Celts?

The Iron Age Celts lived in Britain before and after Jesus. We're going back a very, very long time - two thousand years ago, in fact.

Our years are numbered by starting at the year Jesus Christ was born - and the Iron Age Celts lived here 750 years before that. The Iron Age ended in AD43 (43 years after Jesus was born) when the Romans invaded Britain.

The name 'Iron Age' comes from the discovery of a new metal called iron. We can find out a lot about the Celts through looking at objects made of iron and other materials which have survived over time, such as the Tal-y-Llyn plaque.

The brass plaque was found in 1963 on Cadair Idris in north Wales. The pair of plaques are decorated with human faces. The faces have staring eyes, and straight hair. Archaeologists believe that the head was greatly respected by the Celts.

The Celts lived across most of Europe during the Iron Age. Today the Celts live in Wales, Ireland, Scotland, the Isle of Man, Cornwall and in Brittany, France. Their culture lives on in language, music, song and literature.

The Celts are those people that at one time spoke a Celtic language, including the modern descendants of those people. The word Celt is derived from the Greek keltoi, meaning "secret people," and is the reason Celt is pronounced with a hard "C" or "K" sound. The Celts are a wide-ranging group of people with diverse geographic and cultural backgrounds.

Around 3 BCE, most of Europe was Celtic, and all of these people spoke a common language, Old Celtic. The empire stretched from the Iberian Peninsula to the Scottish Highlands, the Black Sea, and into central Italy. At that time, the massive size of the Celtic empire led to the development of two distinct groups of Celts. Those people near the Iberian Peninsula were known as the Celtiberi, and those who lived near the Black Sea were the Galtae. Eventually, the invasion of the Romans, Saxons, Angles and Jutes forced the Celtic people to the north and west of Europe. As the Celts dispersed, the language fragmented as well.

The first wave of Celts in the British Isles spoke what is called Goidelic, which eventually led to three Gaelic languages — Irish, Scottish Gaelic and Manx. These three languages were primarily spoken in Ireland, the Isle of Man and Scotland. The second wave of Celtic immigrants spoke the Brythonic form of the language, which led to Welsh and Cornish, and survived also as Breton, which was spoken in Brittany, a region in France.

Доповідь 2:

Celtic Mythology

Like all the ancient peoples the Celts made up many legends about their gods and heroes.

The legends were passed down from generation to generation. They were written down in the Middle Ages but they describe far older times when the tribal way of life predominated among the Celts. The chroniclers and writers translated the Celtic legends into Modern English and called them the 'Celtic Sagas'

The heroes of the Sagas and their adventures were imaginary. However, they give an idea of the Celts' way of life, their occupations, tools, weapons customs and religion. The Roman books tell us mainly about the Celts of southeastern Britain. The Romans knew very little about the Celts who lived in Wales and the Northern Celts who lived in Scotland and in Ireland. That is why Celtic mythology is a valuable source of information about the early inhabitants of the British Isles.

The greatest hero of the Celtic heroic sagas was Cuchulainn. The legends tell us that he lived in Ireland which was divided among several tribes. The tribes that lived in Ulster were ruled by the legendary King Conchobar. Many warriors gathered round the King of Ulster and there was not one among them who was not a hero. Their exploits were those of giants. With one stroke of their favorite swords they beheaded hills for sport. When they sat down to meat, they devoured whole oxen. The gods themselves could hardly do better than the heroes of Ulster.

But Cuchulainn was the greatest champion of them all. He was a demigod. When he was at the zenith of his strength, no one could look him in the face without blinking, while the heat of his bode melted the snow round him even thirty feet away. He turned red and hissed as he dipped his body into the sea. Cuchulainn was invincible in battle like Achilles, a great hero, and his life was a series of wonderful exploits like the life of Heracles, another Greek hero.

Доповідь 3:

Celts houses

The Celts would light a fire in the middle of the roundhouse for cooking and heating. A farm worker found this iron firedog in 1852 near Lianrwst Wales. It was found lying on its side, with a large stone at each end, deeply buried in peat.

Archaeologists believe it was a gift to one of the Celtic gods or goddesses.

In the roundhouse, firedogs would have been placed as decorations either side of the central fire. Perhaps they showed the status of the family. The blacksmith who made this firedog was very skilled at shaping and working iron. At either end of the firedog is an animal*s head and neck- it would have taken a lot of time, effort and skill to make.

Roundhouses

This is a reconstructed Iron Age roundhouse, built on a hillfort site in Castel Henllys, Pembrokeshire.

Iron Age people would have chosen where they lived for different reasons. The chieftain and his family, soldiers and craftsmen, lived in a hillfort because they were easy to defend.

There are over 1000 Iron Age hillforts in Wales. Steep slopes, a high wall and deep ditch helped keep the Celts safe in their homes.

Farmers lived on the land they farmed. Sometimes farms would be built in sports with a good source of water, or fertile ground of good pasture for the animals. The Celts grew corn and kept cows, pigs, horses, goats and sheep.

The hillforts didn't keep the Romans out though and the Celtic tribes were conquered when the Romans invaded in AD43.

The Celts had no towns; they lived in villages. They were acquainted with the use of copper, tin and iron and they kept large herds of cattle and sheep which formed their chief wealth. They also cultivated crops, especially corn. They used light ploughs as well as hoes, and grew their crops in small, square fields. The Celtic tribes of the Britons who inhabited the south-eastern parts of the island were more civilized than the other tribes. Their clothing was made of wool, woven in many colours while the other Celts wore skins.

Some of the Celtic tribes were quite large and fighting was common among them. In war-time the Celts wore skins and painted their faces with a blue dye to make themselves look fierce. They were armed with swords and spears and used chariots on the battle-field. Their war-chariots were made of wicker and scythes of bronze were attached to the wooden wheels. These were drawn by two or four horses, and were enough to hold several persons in each. Caesar writes that the Celts charged fiercely in the battle. Standing in their chariots, they rushed along the enemy's lines, waving their spears and uttering loud cries.

Доповідь 4:

The Primitive Communal System

Fore some hundreds of thousands of years people lived under the primitive communal system. Labour gradually changed the life of man. The Celts produced tools of metal-first, of bronse. The improved tools of labour brought about important changes in the living conditions of primitive man. The Celts began to tame and breed animals, to till the soil. Iron ploughs could cut the soil deeper, and so they could cultivate not only the light soil of the chalk downs but also the rich heavy soil in the valleys. They grew more and more corn. They began to build dwellings and to make clothing. They learned the art of pottery. The Celts lived under the primitive system. At all stages of its development primitive society had very much in common: the primitive people worked collectively in clans or family communities: they owned common property and were all equal. All food was divided equally among the members of the clan

Their tools were primitive and the labour productivity was low. All the tribesmen because warriors in war-time, but in time of peace they hunted, tamed and bred animals and tilled the soil. A tribe was governed by a council of elders. The council distributed hunting- and fishing- grounds fnd tillable lands among the family communities and settled all disputes. The elders acted in the interests of the whole tribe. They called meeting of all the tribrsmen to discuss the most important problems.

In primitive society there was no private property; therefore there were no classes and no exploitation

In the last centuries B.C. and in the first centuries A.D. the Celts were in a period of transition from primitive communal society to class society. The elders, military leaders and their warriors made up the tripal nobility. Then were beginning to seize much land for themselves and they gad more cattle than the other members of the clan. But still the communal way of life predominated among them.

Доповідь 5:

Celts’ Clothes

Design, that essential, tangible element of "Celticness", continues to define and adorn the descendants of those bronze and iron age Europeans. Using the ancient patterns of spirals and zoomorphics, augmented in later centuries by the unending knotwork of Viking origin, artists and artisans alike perpetuate the beauty of Celtic design in their work. Ancient technologies have been employed by crafters in both traditional and modern media: potters, woodworkers, gold, silver and pewter smiths, embroiderers, sculptors, calligraphers, lithographers, painters, glass blowers and engravers, leather workers and photographers continue to explore the wealth and beauty of Celtic craft work, developing their own related creations of adornment or practical application.

Доповідь 6:

Roman Conquest of Britain

The Roman conquest of Britain was neither quick nor painless. From the time Julius Caesar first set foot on the island until the time Pax Romana was fully installed, it would take more than 150 years. It would see much war, many revolts and much bloodshed.

The earliest people are thought to have come to Britain about 500,000 years ago. The Celtic tribes invaded from Europe after about 800 BC, many with long term roots there as well as in northern France. They developed knowledge of how to make stronger weapons and tools using iron: it was the start of the Iron Age . There were at least seven different tribes living throughout the island. The tribes had their own coinages, there was wealth from copper and tin and commerce was successful. Gaelic, Irish, Welsh and Cornish languages are all connected to the language of the Celts. In 320 bc. the Greek navigator/geographer Pytheas conducts a partial exploration of the island of "Albion".

Caesar and Britain

Julius Caesar became governor and military commander of the already Roman provinces of Gaul. From 58 BC to 47 BC. He led a number of military campaigns throughout Gaul (now modern day France, Belgium, and parts of Germany, Holland, and Switzerland) To preserve Gaul as a province, Caesar determined to separate it from its foreign enemies and allies. After crushing the Germanic tribes, enemies of Gaul, Caesar desided to invade Britain, an ally of Gaul. The British islanders had helped the Gauls across the chanell to fight against Caesar. Britain, unconquered and close at hand, would prove a dangerous example of independence to Gaul, and therefore must be silenced and taught the power of Rome.. Caesar probably planned an expedition to Britain in 56 BC, a year when the Armorican tribes in the coast of Britanny revolted against the Romans with aid from the tribes of southern Britain. The operation was further delayed by battles with the Morini and Menapi, Belgic tribes who controlled the Straits of Dover. Caesar's first visit to Britain was very brief. In August of 55BC Caesar with two legions crossed the English Channel to Dover. The Britons met the legionaries at the beach with a large force, including warriors in horse-drawn chariots. After an initial skirmish, the British war leaders sought a truce, and handed over hostages.

Four days later, however, when Roman ships with 500 cavalry soldiers and horses tried to make the channel crossing, they were driven back to France by bad weather. The same storm seriously damaged many of Caesar's ships at Deal. This twist of fate resulted in Caesar's initial landing force having no cavalry, which seriously restricted the mobility of the 55 BC operations. It was also disastrous for the planned reconnaissance since the legionary soldiers were forced to repair the ships and were vulnerable to the British forces who began new attacks. Because of thier immobility, the Roman legions had to survive in a coastal zone which they found both politically hostile, and naturally fertile. The need to get food locally resulted in scouting and foraging missions into the nearby countryside. Caesar reports abundant grain crops along a heavily populated coastline; and frequent encounters with British warriors in chariots.When the repairs to most of the ships where completed Caesar ordered a return to Gaul, thus ending his short viist. While this excursion was unsuccessful due to storms and the resulting damage to his ships, Caesar would return during the following year.

In July of 54 BC, Caesar made the trip with 800 ships transporting five legions, 2,000 cavalry troops and their horses plus a baggage train. They sailed from Boulogne at night on July 6. He landed unopposed in an area between Sandwich and Deal. Upon seeing the large size of the Roman force, the natives moved inland with Caesar and and his troops in pursuit, marching a further 12 miles inland. At daybreak on the 8th of July, 54 BC, the Romans encountered British forces at a ford on the Stour (later the town of Canterbury). The Romans easily scatterd the Britons, who retreated to a hill fort or stronghold (oppidum), which from Caesar's description, is probably the hill fort at Bigbury.

Things didn't go all the Roman's way. For the second time in as many years, storms struck the coast, forcing Caesar's troops to beach the entire fleet and build a land fort for the ships in just ten days. While this activity held the Romans attention, the British obtained a new commander, Cassivellaunus. Cassivellaunus used guerrilla warfare tactics against his Roman visitors. However, he was not well-liked by a number of local tribes, and as a result, the Trinovantes, Cassi, Ancalites, Cenimagni, Segontiaci, and Bibroci tribes switched their allegiances to the Romans.

Доповідь 7:

Druids

The druids were very important in Iron Age society but we know very little about them. They were the Celts' priests, responsible for all religious ceremonies. They were educated and powerful members of the tribe and well respected by the other Celts. The main centre of the druids in Britain was Anglesey.

The Celts worshipped Nature. They imagined the sky, the sun, the moon, the earth and the sea, to be ruled by beings like themselves., but much more powerful. Sometimes the same pagan gods in various places were called by different names. Besides these they had many lesser gods and the gods of one tribe were often quite unknown to the other tribes. They also believed in many nameless spirits who lived in the rivers, lakes, mountains and thick forests. They sacrificed not only animals, but also human beings their gods. Sometimes these victims were placed into a great Vickers basket and burnt; sometimes they were slain with knives. The Celts believed in another life after death. They were taught by priests called druids that their soul passed after death from one body to another. The druids lived near groves of oak-trees which were considered to be sacred place. No one was allowed to come near without permission. The druids were very important and powerful, sometimes, more powerful than the chiefs. The Celts believed in their magic power. They believed that the druids were able to foretell the future and the druids very often acted as prophets. The tribesmen often called upon the druids to settle disputes. The druids could give orders to begin a battle or to put down arms and stop fighting. The druids were also teachers and doctors for they were wiser than the other tribesmen. Wise women were also considered to be very important. There were women prophets, and women warriors who trained young men in arms; some women were made tribal chiefs and called queens.

Доповідь 8:

Roman Influence in Britain

As a result of Roman conquest, many signs of Roman civilization spread over Britain. There had been no cities in Britain before the Romans conquered it. The civilized Romans were city dwellers, and as soon as they had conquered Britain they began to built towns, splendid villas, public baths as in Rome itself. York, Gloucester, Lincoln and London became the chief Roman towns; there were also about fifty other smaller towns. London which had been a small trading settlement before the conquest now became a center for trade both by road and river. Colchester, Gloucester, York and Lincoln sprang up round the Roman military camps. The town of Bath became famous for its hot springs. The towns grew up as markets and centers of administration. In most towns there were market-places and plenty where merchants sold their goods. The rich merchants and officials had luxurious houses which contained many rooms, with mosaic floors and central heating. Every Roman town had a drainage system and a good supply of pure water. Temples and public baths could be found in most towns. The Roman towns were military stations surrounded by walls for defence which were guarded by the Roman warriors. The Romans were great road-makers and now a network of roads connected all parts of the country. One of the chief road was Watling Street which ran from Dover to London, then to Chester and into Wales. Along the roads new towns and villages sprang up. Great tracts of forest were cleared, swamps were drained, and corn-fields took their place.

The province of Britain became one of the granaries of the Roman Empire. A constant trade was carried on with other parts of the empire. The chief exports were corn, lead, tin, and building tiles. The goods were sent in wagons along the roads of Britain, Gaul and Italy to Rome. Britain imported luxury goods, especially fine pottery and metalware. But together with a high civilization the Romans brought exploitation and slavery to the British Isles. Rich Romans had villas in the country with large estates, which were worked by gangs of slaves. Prisoners of war were sent to the slave-market in the Roman Empire. The free Celts were not turned into slaves but they had to pay heavy taxes to the conquerors and were made to work for them. The Romans made them clean forest, drain swamps, built roads, bridges and walls for defense. That was how the famous Hadrian’s Wall was built too. Among the Celts themselves inequality began to grow - the tribal chiefs and nobility became richer than other members of the tribe. Many of them became officials acting for Rome. Tribal chiefs who submitted were appointed to rule their people as before, but now they acted in the name of the Roman Emperor. The noble Celts adopted the mode of life of their conquerors. They lived in rich houses and they dressed as Romans. They were proud to wear toga which was the sign of being Roman citizens. They spoke Latin, the language of the Romans. But the rank-and-file Celts went on living in their tiny huts, they spoke their native Celtic tongue and they did not understand the language of their rulers.

Celts Quiz

1 - What was an IRON AGE Celtic house called?

triangular house

round house

igloo

2 - What was the Iron Age Celts' main work?

banking

farming

fighting

3 - What was an Iron Age Celtic priest called?

druid

vicar

witch-doctor

4 - Stone and bronze were used before Iron Age times. Which new material did the Celts use?

cement

straw

iron

5 - What is the name of the fence around a hillfort?

palisade fence

wrought iron fence

garden fence

6 - Which colour was woad, the plant dye used as war paint?

pink

yellow

blue

7 - Which plant was thought to have magical powers?

mistletoe

blackberry

oak

8 - Which island in Wales was sacred to the druids?

Bardsey

Skomer

Anglesey

9 - Which invaders arrived in the first century, AD 43?

Romans

Greeks

Celts

10 - What was the mixture of clay, straw, animal hair and dung used to make the walls of Celtic houses weatherproof called?

plaster

cement

daub

11 - Food was cooked over the fire in a...

cauldron

helmet

saucepan

12 - Important Iron Age Celts wore torcs around their

ankle

waist

ролололрлолол

формы

Завдання №1

Завдання №2

Завдання №3

Додаток 1

Члени гуртка “Early Britain”

Студенти I курсу:

1. Кучин Ростислав

1. Веровський Олександр

1. Буковський Михайло

1. Зубов Ілля

1. Фомін Олексій

1. Палазник Владислав

1. Квитка Павло

1. Бондаренко Вадим

1. Бондаренко Ольга

10.Головенко Микита

11.Добрянський Іван

12.Квасов Ігор

Додаток 2

План роботи гуртка «Early Britain»на 2012-2013 навчальний рік

Керівник гуртка Єрьоменко О.І.

Список літератури:

1. Zaitseva S.D. Early Britain Moscow “Prosveshcheniye”, 1981

2. BBC Wales Education Iron Age Celts www. Bbc. Co. uk/wales/celts

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