Научно- исследовательская работа "Troitsk is an open-air museum"

The department of Linguistics and Intercultural Communication

Chelyabinsk Institute of Economics and Law M.Ladoshina

Project work

«Troitsk- open-air museum»

Author: Tanadbayeva Dana, 10form

School №15, Troitsk

Scientific director: Sharafutdinova A.T.,

teacher of English, school №15, Troitsk

Chelyabinsk, 2016

Content

Introduction ……………………………………………………………………3

1. The history of Troitsk……………………………………………………...4

2. Troitsk’s attractions ………………………………………………………...6

3. The original route for tourists………………………………………….…..11

4. Phrasebook for foreign tourists…………………………………………….14

Appendix

Introduction

We live in a town with a rich historical past, covering a huge time stratum, and we are rightly proud of its history. Our town Troitsk – is an ancient merchant town with special unforgettable architecture. Troitsk located in the southeast of the Chelyabinsk region, near the border with Kazakhstan. Troitsk based Orenburg region governor Ivan Neplyuev in June 1743 as a defensive fortress on the confluence of rivers the Ui and Uvelka.

Troitsk, can be called an open-air museum. In Troitsk there are more than 70 historical and cultural monuments. A huge number of houses in the center of their origins long before the revolution of the 17th year. Preserved buildings XVIII - XIX centuries. Troitsk - a very old and beautiful Urals town with unique architecture. But this is not an ordinary city-factory, and one of the largest trade fair center in the XVIII - XIX centuries. Trinity Fair was the third in Russia in terms of turnover after the Nizhny Novgorod and Irbit fairs. In Troitsk merchants from the central part of Russia, thousands of camels laden with outlandish goods arrived here from India, China and Bukhara.

The objective of the work is to make the original route to the sights of Troitsk.

Tasks:

1) to examine the history of Troitsk

2) to select the most famous attractions of Troitsk

3) to create an original route to the sights of Troitsk

4) to create mini - phrasebook for foreign tourists in Troitsk

The object of research is cultural and historical heritage of Troitsk

The subject of research - historical sights of Troitsk

Methods used in work:

1) theory - the study of literature, information gathering

2) practical - drawing card- route, phrase, movie

The result of the work is - map - the route to visit the sights of Troitsk, mini phrasebook for foreign tourists

1. The history of Troitsk

Troitsk - the regional center in the Chelyabinsk region. It is located 121 km south of Chelyabinsk. Located on the eastern slope of the Southern Urals to the Uy River (basin of the rivers Tobol, Irtysh, Ob), where it meets the river Uvelka. Railway station on a line Chelyabinsk, Orsk, Kostanay, Magnitogorsk. The population of town is 83.9 thousand.

Troitsk founded in June 1743 as a fortress Uyskaya fortified border line, on the left bank of the river Uy. The fortress was located on the main caravan route that passed from Asia to Europe. Opposite the fortress on the right bank of the river was built Uy exchange yard, which lasted until 1915. (First wood in 1749., And then a stone in 1822godu), Customs Border (1749) and closed in 1868 (other sources say 1863) in connection with the abolition of the customs of the Orenburg region. Under the decree of Empress Catherine II (November 1749.) In Troitsk in May 1750 began to work the fair, which is held annually from May to October in the exchange yard, where turnover soared and reached 2.5 mln. Rubles per year.

Gradually, the trade moved to the center of the city with the construction of Gostiny Dvor (1866.), Banks, shopping malls, hotels and public buildings that are radically changing the face of the city. The city became a pearl of architecture in the southern Urals. In May 1774 the fortress became the scene of the Pugachev rebellion, was taken by storm Pugachev. The fortress Pugachev did not stay, and is located in one and a half miles from the city on the mountain that bears his name today.

On the edge of the South Ural trade contacts with other peoples of the far edges and wrote Arabic writer Ahmed ibn Fadlan, which was sent to the Caliph at the beginning of the tenth century in the Volga-Kama Bulgaria. The general system of the water trade route connecting link was the river Uy, which southern products, which have been transferred overland from the upper Yaik, went along the rivers Tobol, Irtysh, Ob. The chronicle tells us that the confluence of two rivers Uya and Uvelka since ancient times been the focus of the northern, western and eastern trade routes, was the site of the beginning of the caravan trails, going to the south in the Turgai steppe and on the edge of the cherished dream of Peter the First - in a south Asia, and India, China.

Take, for example, a widely known now trade route, the so-called "Great Silk Road", and so "torit" he began in the 2nd century BC. This is where China through Central Asia to Europe drove sales for Chinese silk.

From reliable documentary evidence we know that in the current location Troitsk maintained contact Tobolsk merchants with merchants of Tashkent, which is much earlier than in 1739 was sent to the first Russian trade caravan from the Orenburg strengthened lines. The main shopping centers, affecting the trade mart Trinity was Tashkent, Samarkand and Bukhara.

Among the most large-goods fair held by the Trinity, were wool bales and bales of raw cotton. Skillfully conducting trade caravans from Russia to Central Asia and back carried the hereditary conductors caravans - Kazakhs.

The last decades of the 19th and especially the beginning of the 20th century Troitsk trade relations with merchants of East were more favorable period. There is not a year to the number of caravans from Bukhara in Troitsk and back gave way to Tashkent or Samarkand.

Troitsk, his barter, with its annual, longest in the Russian trade fair (June to October) was an exotic place for any trade visitors. Even merchants from European countries, the West traveled far and wide, but it was the first time in town at the crossroads of Europe and Asia. What merchants, even if such a famous German zoologist, explorer, author of six-volume "Life of Animals" Alfred Edmund Brehm, who was in Troitsk in the 19th century, was inordinately surprised when he first saw here "ship of the desert" - camel.

In general, Europeans have seen in Troitsk features Asian city, and Asians spoke here with European culture, with a more civilized way of life and way of life the population of Troitsk.

 Trinity castle became a district town of Catherine II's decree from 1784, and refers to Ufa governorship. Since 1804, the city as part of the Orenburg province.

Gradually Troitsk become the cultural center of the Southern Urals. Unfold the parochial schools, primary schools, the district school (1830), parish school (1839), women's college (1861), School for the Kyrgyz (Kazakh) Children (1861). Women's College in 1870, becoming preschools. In September 1873 the city offers classic men's gymnasium. There is a women's gymnasium. Opens madrassas "Rasool" (1850), which is named for its founder. In 1879 he opened the first library in the Orenburg province.

In 1889, 14 thousand citizens had 8 Orthodox churches, 4 mosques, synagogue 1. Troitsk population since its foundation was multinational.

In 1898, the city had 1446 houses, including stone - 55; 253 retail shops, 34 enterprises mainly tanneries, flour, breweries, soap, candle, adhesive and others.

Throughout its history, Troitsk times became the site of fierce social conflicts. This period of the peasant war 1773-1775gg. During the civil war of the twentieth century has repeatedly passed to the supporters of the white, the red movement.

In the Soviet period Troitsk continued to develop and has retained its role as an industrial and cultural center in the southern Urals. The city built electromechanical, machine tool, diesel and brick factories. The food and light industry. The most powerful thermal power plant in the country Troitskaya GRES. Veterinary Institute function in the Trinity. Energy Construction, Veterinary, Agriculture, College of mechanization and electrification of agriculture. Educational, medical and School of Civil Aviation.

1. Toitsk’s attractions

One of the largest trade fair center in the XVIII-XIX centuries is located on the Uy river in the Chelyabinsk region. Troitsk - a very old and beautiful town with stunning nature and unique architecture that has been preserved over the centuries.

Trinity Fair was the third in Russia in terms of turnover after the Nizhny Novgorod and Irbit. In Troitsk merchants were from the central part of Russia. In addition, thousands of camels loaded with a variety of goods arrived here from Central Asia, India, Bukhara, China. So in those days one could buy even the most outlandish items! In the XIX century on the main square of St. Michael, which today is in the center, merchants built shopping arcades.

Shopping malls

The building of shopping malls is an architectural monument. It was in those glorious times Troitsk decorated as beautiful merchants' houses and trading houses, which are still pleasing to the eye in the central part of the city. Here, in the central square, you can visit the museum and learn all the details about the history of the market town.

Shopping mall Yausheva brothers

Brothers Yausheva owned wholesale and retail stores in Tashkent, Tashkent, Chelyabinsk, Kostanai, Kazan and many other cities. Tangible sources of income were to Yausheva own tea and cotton plantations, tanneries, soap factories and cotton ginning. In the second half of the XIX century, the brothers decided to settle in Troitsk and settle here forever. Shopping mall Yausheva brothers. The date of his birth was the year 1911. The main facade is richly decorated with a passage that gives it beauty, grandeur and luxury. The building was used as a commercial institution until 1918.

Statues

Troitsk is rich in monuments and quaint buildings. Speaking of monuments, of course, should start with a bust of Lenin. Noteworthy is the fact that it was one of the first monuments to the leader of the world proletariat, not only in the Urals, but in the whole Soviet Union! And it was erected solely on the people's money. Another monument to Ilyich, you will see next to the train station. Also at the entrance to the city park is a monument to the hero of the Civil War ND Tomin. Park bears his own name. By the way, if you go to see the city as the palm, then buy a ticket on the Ferris wheel, the view is simply the wonderful. Leave your mark in Troitsk and the Great Patriotic War. There is a memorial complex in memory of those people from Troitsk killed during the war.

Bashkirov hotel

Now, about the buildings. Landmark is Bashkirov hotel, designed by A. Fedorov in 1909. The building is in Art Nouveau style and a colonnade decorated with brightly colored stained-glass windows. Huge interest is the summer residence of the Trinity merchant Yakushev. The main house and guest house are decorated with pretty turrets and wooden ornaments. Today, this building is located in the resort "Sunny", and cottages located around a beautiful park. Besides garden, commissioned by merchants Yakushev in 1911 and the building was constructed passage, which at that time was a successful trade. Its facade is richly decorated and looks luxurious.

Since ancient times this town was called "a devout Troitsk", because there is a huge number of cathedrals, churches and monasteries, and the city itself is surrounded by "carved crosses." Many of the old churches are today. Particularly impressive is one of the most beautiful in the Russian Holy Trinity Cathedral, situated in a picturesque location on the banks of the river Uy. Also it attracts the eye Demetrios Church, in front of which you will see a beautiful square with a monument to the founder of the city. If you come for the purpose of enrichment, then you open the door of St. Michael's Church, lower secondary Church, Alexander Nevsky Church Elias Church and the Church of "Joy of All Who Sorrow." All these holy places have a rich history.

Water- tower

In the five-story building surrounded by a silicate is the original water tower graceful proportions, built in the Gothic style. It seems that it was stolen from a medieval castle. The author of a water tower - V. Sanzharevskiy. One can safely say that Sanzharevskiy created a work is not local.

The mosque of Gataulla-mullah

For many years, everyone believed that the Sixth Troitsk Mosque built in 1912. But in recent years, some researchers have voiced 1896 (7) year since the date of its creation. And so far there is no consensus on this issue. Mosque located on the street. Lenin, 117 (previously - the Market, then it Leo Tolstoy.). In the yard - a one-storey building of madrassahs, and on the corner - shop. Her name was popularly Gataulla mosque, mullahs - after the first Imam. In 1923 he became the Imam Kadir Rasulev, served here 5 years. Sensing the political changes and the government's attitude towards religion, he voluntarily gave up the dignity of the Imam and went to Kazan with his family.

Since 1937, the mosque has not acted. At that time it was the largest mosque of the Urals and Western Siberia. This is a unique religious building, which plays a huge role in shaping the city skyline, for other purposes has been used for many years. There were located the various organizations associated with road transport. The building was unfortunately in dilapidated condition.

Only 70 years later, in September 2009, the day of the great feast Eid al-Fitr, the doors opened survivor Shrine, and the first prayer was made! But how much work has preceded it!

In 1977, the Chelyabinsk Oblast Executive Committee recognized the mosque Gataulla-mullah "an architectural monument of regional significance." However, only in February 2002 began the restoration and recovery. Repair work went to the regional budget, the municipal administration, as well as groups of enterprises in the city, people from Troitsk selfless help and donations.

Holy Trinity Cathedral

This temple - the most important and beautiful buildings of Trinity fortress of the XVIII century.

Holy Trinity Cathedral is as old as the town, this is the first in the Trinity fortress stone structure. It is noteworthy that the founder of Troitsk, and Holy Trinity Cathedral was one and the same person - Ivan Neplyuyev. In 1743, during the celebration of the Holy Trinity I chose Neplyuev place for a fortress, and 11 years later he participated in the "founding magnificent stone church." Prior to the 1930s, the cathedral was in force. During the anti-religious campaign were removed bells, liturgical utensils seized, and in 1940 the cathedral was closed. The property has been lost, the cathedral constructed warehouse, located in the chancel of construction office.

After the war, the cathedral was transferred to Trinity Veterinary College. In April 1974, the Cathedral was badly damaged by fire. In the same year the Holy Trinity Cathedral is recognized monument of federal (national) values. Since 1985, the restored bell tower, drums with cupolas and the main northern entrance portal, a fence with a gate. The church was returned to believers in 1997, and the historical appearance of the church was restored in 2000.

Demetrios Church

Church of the Great Martyr Demetrius was initially capitalized to the Holy Trinity Cathedral, cemetery, built in the cemetery at the expense of the Cathedral and was consecrated in 1873. The church was a stone, with wooden free-standing bell tower, stone bell tower was added in 1889. At the beginning of the XX century hearted donors were added two chapels: the south - in the name of the First-and Archdeacon Stephen, the north - Princess Olga. Presumably, Stefan was the grandson of the first builders of the church Yaroslavtseva Dmitry and Olga - the wife of Stephen. The fence Demetrius church is a tombstone grave of Stephen and Olga.

The Church of Alexander Nevsky

Shortly after the resettlement of the Tatars on the Amur River began to increase and the number of the Orthodox population, grows mostly immigrants from Samara, Tambov, Kazan and other provinces. In this regard, in 1884 in the village it was founded, and after 5 years, consecrated the church in the name of the Holy Prince Alexander Nevsky (popular name - Amur church).

In those days the church was filled with not only spiritual, but also the intellectual sphere of human life. Without exaggeration we can say that in pre-revolutionary years, the temple was a cell of spiritual and social life.

With the advent of Soviet power Amur temple suffered an unenviable fate. He was destined to serve as a museum for many years. With the advent of democracy sacrilege ceased.

St. Kazan Nunnery

The official date of foundation of the monastery is the year 1851. Trinity women's community was built in the "non-standard" with the permission of the monastery is to keep the number of nuns, which may include, without dwelling benefits from the treasury.

By the end of the nineteenth century it was considered one of the richest in the Orenburg diocese education center. "Mykolaiv School for Girls" - In 1897, one of the first schools in Troitsk was opened at the monastery. The monastery operated hospital and a pharmacy, a sewing workshop, opened an orphanage. The monastery was famous for its icon-painting workshop. Icons painted in Troitsk, the king's office awarded distinguished themselves in the service of the Cossacks.

Unfortunately, Kazan convent ceased to exist after the revolution. The archive is stored Troitsk document dated 1927. It says that all the monastic buildings "on the orders of the central government facing a cultural and educational needs." Later the monastery was almost completely destroyed, with the exception of surviving until today the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord. the monastery was re-opened in 1996. Since then, the monastery does not simply exist, it began to revive the spiritual life.

Today, the main temple of the monastery - church of the Transfiguration of the Lord - surrounded by numerous modern buildings, including the building next door aerotechnical college, remains the highest in the city. It is visible even from the districts that are not in the central part of the city.

Modern entertainment

A lot of time and money spent on the restoration of the temple. Now he was another adornment of our city and local Christians - spiritual refuge.

But for those who do not mind to have fun in a modern way, there are numerous entertainment venues and clubs. Among them, the entertainment complex "Sun City", "Gostiny Dvor", "Flint", "Olympus", night club "Zebra's". As you can see, everyone can relax in this small town in its own way. Well, if you have the strength and energy, you can perfectly combine a cultural holiday with a tour of historical sites and buildings, with a visit to the spiritual development of numerous churches and modern entertainment in clubs.

1. The original route for tourists

Trinity tourist route "Cossack outpost" - a visual presentation of the history of the region, which could fit a visit iconic places of the city and its surroundings, as well as the spectacular staging fights the uprising Pugachev.

The tour starts from the central square, stops near the temples and cathedrals and rises on a hill Pugachev. There actors shoot their muskets of the XVIII century, trying to fend off the rebels, but in the end, Pugachev's troops take the fortress by storm. According to legend, Pugachev and his army triumphed on this mountain. There is a legend that he had buried her chest with loot gold

In addition Pugachevskaya slides, tour shows the first stone building in the city - Holy Trinity Cathedral, St. Kazan convent, built in the late XIX century, the church of Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, and Chui. Tourists also reach a Trinity recruitment office, which at one time housed a Cossack outpost. Now, in the military exhibited letters made of cartridges lighters, books and badges. It lasts the whole tour of about 4 hours and ticket price - 130 rubles.

But if you want to visit all old attractions in Troitsk you should start from the Water Tower. It located in the first bus station when you entered in the town and you easy can find it. The bus station was named after the Water tower and people called it «Башня». Here you can see old building as in fairytales. Your imagination will draw princess cloistered on the top of tower or terrible witch with flying croaks.

If you go down the Gagarin Street you will see Demetrios Church. Here you find also a monument of Alexander Nevsky – founder of Troitsk. Not so far situated St. Kazan Nunnery with blue dome. St. Kazan Nunnery was founded in 1851 and still there live about hundred of monks.

If you go down the Gagarin Street you will see square named Pavlik Morozov. Here situated memorial “Plea”. You can see a lot of names heroes, who died during the Second World War.

Going Through the square you will across the Soviet street and find yourself on the Lenin street. Here situated one of the oldest building - The mosque of Gataulla-mullah. The mosque was founded in 1896 and several times was closed, but now still a lot of Muslim attends it. The second mosque situated on the Oktyabrskaya street and named Zainulla Rasulev mosque.

On the Malysheva street situated Passage of Brothers Yaushevy.

The date of its foundation is 1911. The main facade is richly decorated with a old features that gives it beauty, grandeur and luxury. The building was used as a commercial institution until 1918.

The most famous historical building is Bashkirov Hotel. The building was designed by Fedorov in 1909. The building is in Art Nouveau style and a decorated with colonnade and brightly colored stained-glass windows.

If you are interested in old merchants houses in Troitsk there are a lot of them. Walking on the Lenina street, Soviet you can meet some of them. And don’t forget visit the regional museum on the Central Square. Here you found a lot of beautiful and curious things of ancient merchant’s world.

1. Phrasebook for foreign tourists

Conclusion

Troitsk is an important border crossing point at the border with the Republic of Kazakhstan. The city operates a customs post and two border crossing points. In Troitsk there is beautiful architectural ensemble of XVIII - XIX centuries, there are buildings that look like St. Petersburg and Moscow. The favorable climate comparable to the south.

Currently, the city has an electromechanical and machine-tool factories for mineral wool production plant, forming enterprise Troitsk’s GRES, as well as food processing and light industry. Troitsk has a wagon, locomotive depot and refrigerator. Powered customs post.

Troitsk is peculiar and old town. People, who interested in history and ancient architecture, can find here a lot of interesting things. Unfortunately many historic monuments are in the terrible view and need to repair. We hope people of town will save historical and cultural heritage of Troitsk. We should know our history. A man without past is as tree without roofs.

Troitsk is small, but here can be developed historic tourism.

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