Turlybek Aruzhan
UNIT 10
1
Today, paper is used for hundreds of everyday things books and newspapers, of course, but also money, stamps, cups, bags, and even some clothes. Long ago, before paper, people wrote on animal skins, bones and stones. Then in 2700 BC, the Egyptians started to make papyrus, which was similar to paper. But the first real paper was invented in AD 105 by a Chinese government official, Ts’ai Lun. It was made from a mixture of plants and cloth. The Chinese kept their invention secret for centuries. Finally, in the 10th century, paper was brought to Europe by the Arabs. The first European paper mill was built in Spain in 1150. Since the 18th century, most paper has been out of wood, because it is much stronger than cloth. Nowadays ,each person uses about 300kg of paper every year.That’s a lot of paper.
2
When was paper invented?
In AD 105
Where was the first real paper invented?
In China
Who was it invented by?
Ts’ai Lun
When was it brought to Europe by the Arabs
In the 10th century
Where was the finst paper mill built?
In Spain
How long has paper been made out of wood?
Since the 18th century
How much paper is used by each person every year!
About 300kg
3
1.Paper is only used to make newspapers and books
No, it isn't. It's used to make hundreds of everyday things
2.All clothes are made out of paper.
No, they aren't. Only some are made out of paper
3.Before paper, people wrote on trees
No, they didn't They wrote on animal skins,bones and stones
4. Paper was invented by a Chinese scientist.
No, it wasn’t . It was invented by a Chinese government official
5 .The Chinese gave their invention to the world immediately.
No, they didn't. They kept it secret for centuries
6 .They made paper out of wood.
No, they didn't. They made it out of a mixture of plants and cloth.
7 .The first paper mill in Europe was built in France.
No, it wasn't. It was built in Spain.
8 .Paper has been made out of cloth since the I8th century.
No, it hasn't. It's been made out of wood.
4
Do you always wear a watch?
Yes, all the time. Don't you?
Are you good at telling jokes?
No, I'm hopeless. I can never remember the ending
What was the last present you gave?Who to?
Mmmm. I think it was when I gave some flowers to my mum for Mother's Day
What was the last phone call you made? Who to? Why?
Just before I came into class. I called a friend to ask if she's doing anything tonight.
5. Do you keep a diary?
Yes, but I don't write very personal things in it, in case someone finds it.
6. Have you, or a friend, ever made a complaint in a restaurant?
No, but my dad often complains. I find it embarrassing, but he says it's important to do it.
7. Have you ever been homesick? Did you miss your family or your friends?
Oh, yes, when I went on an exchange to Germany when I was 16, I missed everybody.
8. What is the best advice you've ever been given?
If you can't say anything nice, don't say anything at all.
5
I can't stand it when you phone someone like British Telecom, and you get a machine, not a person, and you hear 'Please choose from these options. For sales, press 1. To report a fault, press 2. To pay a bill, press 3
I know. And the problem is, you don't want any of those. What you want is something completely different! So what do you press?
And then when you do finally make a choice, you get another menu!
And then another, and then another.
Then you have to hold, and you get music forever!
Until finally you hear 'Your call is very important to us but all our operators are busy at the moment. Please call back later. And then you're cut off?
It drives me mad! You never actually talk to a person.
But it's machines I can't stand.
What do you mean? Computers and things?
No. All machines. I can't use our dishwasher - it has too many buttons. I can't use our washing machine. What temperature do I want? What program do I want? Do I want economy? Do I use powder or one of those little bags full of liquid?
I know what you mean. I have no idea how to use the radio in my car. I can't even find the on/off button. It has a CD player and a cassette player, but I have no idea where they are. I tried to choose a computer in a shop the other day, but I had to walk out because I didn't understand a word that the shop assistant said.
I use my son's computer, and I can get it to work some of the time, which is a miracle. But what drives me mad is when I'm trying to print something and the computer says “The printer cannot be found”,and I'm saying 'But it's there, right next to you, you idiot. What do you mean you can't find it?
A . Another thing is the way things get out of date so quickly. I tried to buy a new battery for my camera the other day, and I was told 'Sorry sir, but these batteries aren't made any more. So I said 'But I only bought this camera last year! And the assistant, this boy who looked about fourteen, said 'Sorry, sir, this camera's just about ready for a museum.' What a cheek! Kids these days have no respect.
B . The thing I can't stand is choice. You don't get one of anything, you get hundreds. Have you tried choosing shampoo in a supermarket? Do you want shampoo for dry hair? For greasy hair? Normal hair? Long hair? Short hair? Blond hair? Frequent use? Do you want it with fruit? With herbs? With oil? With a smell or without a smell? I can't decide! I just close my eyes and choose one. A . Now you've really got me started. Do you know how much it costs to ...?
8
Telephoning
P= Pete J=John
P Hello?
J Is that Pete? It's John.
P Hi, John. How are you?
J Good, thanks. And you?
P Yeah, fine, thanks.
J Pete, I'm trying to get...
P Hello? Hello?
J. ... Sorry. We were cut off. Listen, I'm calling because Jed can't make it on Thursday.
P Oh yeah?
J Yeah, so are you free on Friday instead?
P I'm not sure. Can I get back to you later?
J Sure. I'm going out now, so give me a ring on my mobile. You've got my number.
P Yes, it's here on my mobile!
J Oh good! Oh, and can you give me Andy's number? I can't find it anywhere.
P I haven't got it on me, sorry. I can give it to you when I call you back.
J Thanks! Speak to you later, then. Bye!
P Bye for now.
F= Francis, Andy's flatmate J= John
F Hello.
J Hello. Is that Andy?
F No, I'm afraid he's out at the moment. Can I take a message?
J Yes, please. Can you say that John phoned, and I'll try again later? Do you know what time he'll be back?
F In about an hour, I think
J Thanks. Goodbye.
F Goodbye.
R= Receptionist DG = Darshan Gandhi
S= Secretary A= Annette Baker
R Good morning. Wells International, Gemma speaking. How can I help you? DG Hello, could I speak to Annette Baker, please?
R The line's busy. Would you like to hold?
DG Yes, please.
R It's ringing for you now.
DG Thank you.
S Hello. Ms Baker's office. Dawn speaking.
DG Hello. Can I speak to Annette Baker, please?
S Who's speaking, please?
DG This is Darshan Gandhi.
S I’ll just see if she's at her desk, Mr Gandhi ... Yes, I'll put you through.
A Hello. Annette Baker here. How can I help you, Mr ... erm ... Gandhi?
DG Hello. Well, I saw your advertisement in the Guardian newspaper, and I wondered if you could give me a little more information about ...
D= Dawn (secretary) S= Simon
D Hello. Annette Baker's office.
S Could I speak to Dawn Edwards, please?
D Speaking.
S Hey, Dawn, this is Simon!
D Simon? Simon! How are you? I haven't heard from you in ages!
S I know. I'm sorry, I've been away. I called your mum and she gave me your work number. Listen, do you fancy meeting up at the weekend?
D Of course!
S Great! I'll give vou a call on Friday, then.
D Yes, do that.
S OK. Speak to you soon. Bye for now.
D Bye, Simon!
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