Презентация "Charles Darwin "

Presentation in English on the topic: Charles Darwin

Prepared by a student of the 10th grade

  Novikova Anastasia

Charles Darwin Years of life: February 12 , 1809 – April 19 , 1882 British naturalist and traveler. The author of the synthetic theory of evolution and the founder of the doctrine of "Darwinism". "The more we learn the unchanging laws of nature, the more incredible miracles become for us"

Charles Darwin was born on February 12, 1809 in Shrewsbury, Shropshire. Charles received communion in the Anglican Church, but at the same time Charles and his brothers attended the Unitarian Church together with their mother. By the time he entered day school in 1817, the eight-year-old Darwin had already joined natural history collecting.

Childhood and adolescence

Voyage on the ship "Beagle" 1831-1836.

In 1831, after graduating from the University, Darwin, as a naturalist, went on a trip around the world on the expedition ship of the Royal Navy "Beagle", from where he returned to England only on October 2, 1836. Darwin spends most of his time on the shore, studying geology and collecting collections on natural history, while the Beagle, under the leadership of Fitzroy, carried out hydrographic and cartographic survey of the coast. During the trip, he made a number of descriptions of the geology of various areas, collected a collection of animals, and also made a brief description of the external structure and anatomy of many marine invertebrates. In other areas in which Darwin was ignorant, he proved himself a skilled collector who collected specimens for study by specialists. Despite the frequent cases of ill health associated with seasickness, Darwin continued his research on board the ship; most of his notes on zoology were about marine invertebrates, which he collected and described during times of calm at sea.

In 1837, Darwin began keeping a diary. in which he entered data on the breeds of domestic animals and varieties of plants, as well as considerations about natural selection. In 1842 he wrote the first essay on the origin of species. Beginning in 1855, he corresponded with the American botanist A. Gray and in 1857 presented his ideas to him. Under the influence of the English geologist and naturalist Ch . Lyell Darwin in 1856 began to prepare a third, expanded version of the book.

1 "Origin of species"

On November 24, 1859, a work by naturalist Charles Darwin entitled "The Origin of species by Natural selection, or the Preservation of favorable races in the struggle for Life" was published and went on sale in London This book remains to this day one of the most famous works in the history of science, which has become fundamental in the field of evolutionary teaching. In it, Darwin formed the concept of the main driving force of evolution, which is based on natural selection and indefinite variability.

2 "Changing animals and plants at home"

In 1868, Darwin published his second work on the topic of evolution — "The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication" (The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication), which included many examples of the evolution of organisms. In 1871, another important work of Darwin appeared — "The Descent of Man and sexual selection" (The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex), where Darwin argued in favor of the natural origin of man from animals (ape-like ancestors). Other well—known late works by Darwin include "Pollination in Orchids" (The Fertilization of Orchids, 1862); "Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals" (The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, 1872); "The Effects of Cross-pollination and self-pollination in the plant world" (The Effects of Cross- and Self-Fertilization in the Vegetable Kingdom, 1876).

3 "Human origin and sexual selection"

In 1871, Darwin published the third major work on the theory of evolution – "The origin of man and sexual selection", where he considered numerous proofs of the animal origin of man. An addition was the book "The Expression of emotions in humans and animals" (1872).

Darwin has received numerous awards from scientific societies in the UK and other European countries.

Charles Darwin died at four o'clock in the morning. His last words, spoken at night, sounded like this: "I am not at all afraid of death." The family was going to bury him in Down, but at the insistence of the House of Commons, he was buried on April 26 in Westminster Abbey. Grave graves of Newton and Faraday are next to his grave. The funeral was attended by scientists, representatives of universities and scientific societies, prominent public figures, diplomatic representatives of Russia, France, Italy, Germany and Spain.

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