Презентация по теме Child Labour

Child labour

Jurgen Child labour is the engagement of children in work on a regular basis. Currently, in most countries child labour is considered a form of exploitation and declared illegal. In the past, child labor was widespread, but after the emergence and recognition of the concepts of safety and rights of children the field of child labour gradually began to decline. Among the types of child labour existing in civilized countries, you can mention the work in the show business (cinema, theater, pop). Children are often involved in various criminal activities, including prostitution and pornography. In some African countries children are armed and forced to participate in hostilities.The UN and the international labour organization consider child labor as exploitation. Article 32 of the Convention on the rights of the child guarantees "to be protected from economic exploitation and from performing any work which can represent danger to its health or serve as an obstacle in getting his education, or prejudice his / her health and physical, mental, spiritual, moral and social development"

[According to the International labour organization (International Labour Organization, ILO), only developing countries are forced to work about 250 million children aged 5 to 14 years. Of these, 153 million live in Asia, 80 million in Africa and 17 million in Latin America. "Many of them are working in conditions hazardous to their physical, spiritual and emotional development."In many countries, including in Russia, the use of labor of minors (persons under 14 years of age) is prohibited. In Russia, the law allows you to work independently from the age of 16, but you can work with 15 years subject to the termination 9 classes of secondary school (basic General education) and 14 years to engage in entrepreneurial activities with parental consent and guardianship. In these cases, the young worker by the decision of body of guardianship and curatorship may be declared fully operational.

All we know that children don't work nowadays. Their parents or other adults take care of them. But earlier in history, it was quite normal. Let's examine this situation. In Russia, in 1882 there was the law which forbade children's labour up to twelve years. From 12-15 age, there was a limitation for work time only eight hours a day and ban for night work. Also, there was a ban on children's work at unhealthy manufactures. What could children do? They were allowed to make spoons, cane baskets, painting of wooden dishes. In England that time there was the beginning of the machine manufactures. They displaced hand labour. Every new machine was to take away "bread" from the workers, especially from poor people's children. Those machines were simple so women and children could work on them. But the manufacturers noticed that they could exploit children more profitable than adults. They could pay less and children couldn't defend their interests. Even children of five, six and seven ages had to work at the factories. Besides this, they were to pay fines for some rest or talk to a neighbour.