Презентация по теме Модальные глаголы (Spotlight 8 Module &)

MODAL VERBS

They have the same form in all persons.

Modal

verbs

They come before the subject in questions and take “not” after them in negations.

They take an infinitive without “to” after them.

Can she sing? No, she can’t sing but she can dance.

Can is used to express ability in the present or to ask permission.

Can

Could is used to express ability in the past, polite requests or to ask permission politely.

(could)

She can type. (ability in the present)

Can I borrow your pen? (asking permission)

He could run fast when he was 17. (ability in the past)

Could I have some tea? (polite request)

Could I leave early, please? (asking permission)

Must and have to are used to express necessity or obligation.

Must

“ Have to ” means that sb else decides.

“ Must ” means that I decide.

(have to)

“ Must ”

“ Have to / has to ”

(“don’t/doesn’t have to”)

It’s raining. I must take my umbrella. (necessity)

I must do my homework. (obligation)

He has to go to hospital. (necessity)

Present tense

Soldiers have to wear a uniform.

I must work till late tonight.

“ Had to ”

(“didn’t have to)

Past tense

Must expresses obligation or necessity.

Must

Mustn’t

Needn’t

Mustn’t expresses prohibition.

Needn’t expresses no necessity.

You must tell the truth.

You mustn’t drive fast.

There’s enough bread. You needn’t buy any.

Shall is used with “I” or “We” in questions, suggestions or offers.

Shall

Will

Would

Will is used to express predictions, warnings, offers, promises, threats, requests, suggestions, on-the-spot decisions, opinions, hopes and fears.

(would like)

Would is used to express polite or formal requests.

Shall we go to the cinema tonight?

Try harder or you’ll fail your exams.

Would you carry my suitcase?

Would you like to come with me to the party?

Would like is used to express polite or formal offers and suggestions.

Ability

Can

ability in the present or future

ability in the past for repeated actions

Could/ was able to

=managed to; ability in the past for repeated actions or a single action

Was able to

for repeated or single actions

Couldn’t/ wasn’t able to

Possibility/probability

May

perhaps, very possible (present form; be allowed to)

Might

perhaps, very possible (past form)

possible

Could

it is almost certain; I think

Must

it does not seem possible; I don’t think

Can’t

Is it possible?

Can he be?

Permission

Can

informal

Could

more polite

May

formal

more formal

Might

Giving/refusing permission

Can

informal, giving permission

May

formal, giving permission

Mustn’t

refusing permission

refusing permission

Can’t

Requests, offers or suggestions.

Can

request

Could

polite request/suggestion

Would you like

polite offer

Shall I/we

suggestion/offer

Will

offer/request

Advice

Should/ought to

general advise; I advise you

Had better

advice for a specific situation; it’s a good idea

You should walk more.

You’ d better see your dentist.

Obligation/necessity

Must

strong obligation or personal feelings of necessity

Have to

external necessity

I’ve got to

informal; it’s necessary

Absence of necessity or prohibition

Mustn’t

prohibition

Can’t

prohibition

Needn’t

it is not necessary

Don’t need/have to

it is not necessary in the present/future

Didn’t need/have to

it was not necessary in the past