Презентация для 10-го класса УМК М.З.Биболетовой

Infinitive and –ing forms

Презентация подготовлена учителем английского языка МБОУ «Лингвистическая гимназия №27» Зориной Я.И.

Let’s start with ing-forms

Some verbs are always followed by the –ing form. After verbs with adverbs or prepositions, the second verb is always in the ing-form

Common verbs

likes\dislikes

Examples

Dislike, can’t stand, enjoy, hate, like, love, (not) mind(in questions and negatives), prefer

ideas\opinions

I can’t stand smiling when I meet you.

Admit, consider, imagine, look forward to, recommend, suggest, think of

Actions that start, stop or continue

He suggested paying by credit card.

She is looking forward to hearing from you.

Begin, continue, delay, give up, start, stop, finish, keep (on), practice, put off, spend

others

Why don’t you give up smoking ?

I spent 4 hours preparing lunch.

Avoid, can’t help, deny, involve, mention, miss, risk

You can’t risk losing your job over a silly argument.

Some notes!

If the ing-form is negative, we must add not before it

I hate not having some time for myself

In the sentence :

Subject

Reading gives you knowledge

Compound nominal predicate

He is walking in the mountains

Object

My job involves reading articles

Infinitive. What is it?

Functions

1

Subject

2

To read is a great pleasure.  Читать – большое удовольствие.

Compound nominal predicate

3

His aim was to deceive Mark. Его целью было обмануть Марка.

Compound verbal predicate

4

5

We intend to celebrate this occasion . Мы намереваемся отпраздновать это событие.

Object

Peter asked me to look after his son. Питер попросил меня присмотреть за его сыном

Attribute

6

There is a lot of work to be done . Есть много работы, которую надо сделать.

Adverbial Modifier

I swim everyday to be fit.  Я плаваю каждый день, чтобы быть в форме

What forms of infinitive do you know?

INDEFINITE INFINITIVE

*Действие одновременно с действием, обозначенным личной формой глагола

*Относится к будущему времени

CONTINUOUS INFINITIVE

*We want to learn

*I intended to begin the experiment

Действие в его развитии, происходящее одновременно

PERFECT INFINITIVE

*Действие, предшествовавшее действию, выраженному глаголом в личной форме

*Предположение о том, что действие уже совершилось.

I knew him to be writing an article

PERFECT CONTINUOUS INFINITIVE

*I know him to have written this article last night

*You might have asked me about it

Выражает действие, совершавшееся в течение некоторого периода, предшествовавшего действию, выраженному глаголом в личной форме

I know him to have been writing this article for 2 hours

When do we use infinitive?

Verbs

Mental states and activities

Examples

Agree, choose, decide, forget, learn, remember, want, wish

Future arrangements

Did you agree to help them?

Why did they decide to go camping?

Aim, arrange, expect, hope, offer, plan, prepare, promise, refuse, threaten

appearance

The hotel aims to provide excellent service

Appear, pretend, seem, tend

other

People round here tend not to go to bed early

Attempt, can afford, ask, deserve, fail, offer, try

The letter failed to arrive on time

Some more cases…

Rule

Example

After adjectives (glad, happy, sad, lucky, eager, willing)

• Jane is always willing to help .
• You are lucky to win the first prize.

To show purpose

He uses his car to get home.

Don’t forget not to use to in

После глаголов  to make -заставлять, to let – разрешать, а иногда также после to help – помогать:Mother makes me clean my room

BUT!!! I was made to clean the room .

После модальных глаголов must, can (could), may (might) и need:

You may come in.

В обороте  «c omplex object)»  после глаголов to watch – наблюдать, to see – видеть, to hear – слышать, to feel – чувствовать и некоторых других: I noticed you enter the room

После устойчивых выражений had better – лучше бы, would rather, would sooner – предпочёл бы:I would rather stay here. 

Let us start with differentiation

Like

• We like inviting friends to dinner at the weekend (I enjoy this(in general))
• I like to save a little bit of money every month (I choose to do it)

Recommend/ Advise

• Recommend someone to do something: recommend them to visit the castle
• Recommend doing something: we recommended visiting the castle
• Recommend that + present/past/tenses or should : they recommended that we went/ should go to that restaurant

Complex Object with verbs of perception:

Object+inf=We saw your plane land (result, fact)

Object+ ing-form=We saw your plane landing (the process of it)

Similar meanings

Begin, continue, hate, intend, love, prefer, start

Forget

• + infinitive
• Забыть, не помнить
• I forgot to phone Mr. Jones.

• + -ing form
• Забыть, не помнить о событии в прошлом
• I will never forget driving in that terrible storm.

Remember

• + infinitive
• Помнить, не забывать
• Ann always remembers to lock the door.

• + -ing form
• Помнить, не забывать о событии в прошлом
• I remember walking in the park with my dad.

Mean

• + infinitive
• Намереваться, собираться
• I meant to visit you, but I was too busy.

• + -ing form
• Подразумевать, предполагать
• Growing up means having new responsibilities.

Regret

• + infinitive
• Сожалеть, что приходится сообщать неприятную новость. (чаще с Present Simple)
• I regret to inform you that your flight has been delayed.

• + -ing form
• Сожалеть о чем-то.
• I regret being so rude with you.

Try

• + infinitive
• Стараться, делать все возможное
• She tried to carry this box, but it was too heavy.

• + -ing form
• Делать что-то в качестве эксперимента
• Try making a cake for your birthday.

Stop

• + infinitive
• Остановиться с целью что-то сделать.
• He stopped to tie his shoelaces.

• + -ing form
• Прекратить делать что-то.
• Stop eating so many sweets!

Go on

• + infinitive
• Закончив действие, приступить к новому.
• After he finished his speech he went on to answer the questions.

• + -ing form
• Продолжать делать что-либо.
• She went on calling me again and again.

Hate

• + infinitive
• Испытывать неудовольствие по поводу предстоящего действия.
• I hate to tell you that you are fired.

• + -ing form
• Не любить что-то делать.
• I hate waking up early in the morning.

Bibliography

• Биболетова М.З. УМК Английский язык. Английский с удовольствием = Enjoy English : учебник для 10 класса общеобр. учреждений : рек. М-вом обр. и науки РФ. -Обнинск: Титул, 2011

•   Dooley, Jenny, Evans V.  Grammarway 3 : Student's book. Blackpill: Express Publishing, 1999

•   Swan, Michael Practical English Usage . -3th. ed Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 2006