Презентация по теме "Модальные глаголы Could & Can "

Модальные глаголы Can - Could

Шихова Е.В.

Модальные глаголы Can - Cannot - Can't

• Can  is a modal verb.
• Can  is used to express ability or to say that something is possible.
• Can  is the same for all subjects. We don't add an 'S' in the third person (like other verbs)
• The verb that comes after  Can  is in the infinitive without  to :
• I  can   speak  Spanish. (= it is possible for me to speak Spanish = I have the ability to speak Spanish)
• He  can   swim  well.
• We  can   see  our neighbour in the garden.
• They  can   play  the guitar.

Affirmative

• Субъект + can + глагол (в неопределенной форме)

Negative

• Субъект + cannot + глагол (в неопределенной форме) Субъект + can’t + глагол (в неопределенной форме)
• I  cannot   play  the piano. We  can't   go  to the cinema tonight.
• She  cannot   speak  French very well. He  can't   drive  a car.

Questions

• Can +Субъект + глагол (в неопределенной форме)?

Может ли +Субъект + глагол (в неопределенной форме)?

• Can’t +Субъект + глагол(в неопределенной форме)?

Разве может +Субъект + глагол(в неопределенной форме)?

• Where  can  I  buy  an ice-cream?
• Can   I  go  to the party, please?

Impersonal Can Безличный Can

• You can  see many stars at night from here. (= people in general can see many stars)
• Отсюда ночью можно увидеть много звезд.

• You can't  drink cold milk.
• Перевод: Нельзя пить холодное молоко

USE. CAN

• 1. To express ability
• Can  means to be (physically) able to do something OR to know how to do something.
• Birds  can  fly.
• Elephants  can't  fly.
• 2. To express a possibility (in general)
• This refers to a theoretical possibility.  Note: we don't use  can  to talk about future possibilities. For this you would use  may or might .
• I know you  can  win the competition.
• Well, I think your car  can  be repaired, but it's not going to be cheap.

• 3. To offer to do something for others
• Can is used when you offer to help someone or to do something for them.
• You don't need to walk home. I  can  take you there if you like.
• Can  I carry your bags for you?
• 4. To ask for or give permission / To request something
• Can is used to ask for / request permission or to give permission.  Note:  Can't  is used to refuse permission.
• You  can  use my umbrella, I don't need it right now.
• Can  I sit in that chair please?
• Mary, you  can  play outside if you like.
• Can  I ask you a question?
• You  can't  go to the park. It will still be wet from the rain last night.
• We  can't  leave the room until the assignment is completed.

• 5. Can't: Something that is forbidden or not allowed
• We  cannot  park the car next to this fire hydrant.
• You  can  drive as fast as you want on the German motorways.
• You  can't  smoke in the restaurant.
• You  cannot  drive a car without a license.
• 6. Can't: when you are sure that something isn't true or something is surprising
• It  can't  be dark outside! It's only 4.30pm!
• They  can't  have landed on the moon, I'm sure it's a hoax.

• COULD
• Could  is similar to  Can  and often replaces  Can  in the past tense (though not always)
• 1. To express ability in the past
• I  could  ride a horse when I was younger but now I can't.
• She  could  juggle eight balls when she was only 10 years old.
• He could read when he was three years old.
• 2. Polite word used to ask for permission or to request something (in the present)
• Could  I please use your bathroom?
• Могу ли я пожалуйста воспользоваться туалетом?
• Could  you pass me the salt please?
• I'm busy right now.  Could  you call back later?

• 3. General permission in the past
• In high school, we  couldn't  leave the classroom without a pass.
• He  couldn't  go to the concert because his mother wouldn't let him.
• 4. A suggestion when asked what to do (choices and opportunities)
• He  could  try and fix it himself.
• We  could  go to the movies if you are interested.
• 5. Couldn't: Sure that something is untrue
• Just like  can't , you can use  couldn't  when you are sure that something isn't true or real.
• That  couldn't  be my cat meowing outside, it was hit by a car last week.
• He  couldn't  have painted that. He has no artistic ability at all.

• 6. Could + have + past participle: To express a possibility in the past
• To express that something was possible but did not happen.
• We were lucky because it  could have  rained but it didn't.
• Why did you do that? You  could have  broken your leg.
• 7. Could + have + past participle: Unrealised past ability
• This is used to say that someone was able to do something, but they did not try to do it. Sometimes this is a form of criticism.
• She  could have married  anyone she wanted to.
• Why did you sit there doing nothing? You  could have helped  me.

• 8. Could: A conditional form of  Can
• Would + Can = Could. Note:  Would be able to  can replace  could  in the following examples.
• If we had some oranges I  could  make you some fresh juice.
• I  could  write the letter if you told me what to include.