Проект-презентация "Лондонский Тауэр"

Муниципальное бюджетное общеобразовательное учреждение – Средняя общеобразовательная школа №2 им. И.Г.Петровского г.Севска

Индивидуальный проект

«Лондонский Тауэр»

Работу выполнила: ученица 11 класса

Борзых Анастасия Андреевна

Руководитель проекта:

Кожевникова Галина Александровна

introduction

The Tower of London, a building that has gone down in history not only in England, but throughout Europe since its inception. The Tower is one of the most visited places in the United Kingdom. This gloomy architectural structure is a symbol of the whole of Great Britain and performs several functions at once. The Tower was a sinister prison, a place where death sentences were carried out, a repository of state valuables, a huge arsenal and a giant workshop where coins were minted. However, this is not all the functions that were assigned to the Tower of London building at different times: during its long history, it managed to visit the main residence of kings, an observatory in which astronomers observed the movement of cosmic bodies, and even a zoo.

Tower of London

The Tower of London (Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress, Tower of London) is a fortress standing on the north bank of the Thames, the historic center of London, one of the oldest buildings in England and one of the main symbols Great Britain, which occupies a special place in the history of the English nation.As the Duke of Edinburgh wrote in his book dedicated to the 900th anniversary of the Tower, "throughout its history, the Tower of London has been a fortress, a palace, a repository of royal jewels, an arsenal, a mint, a prison, an observatory, a zoo, a place that attracts tourists."

History of the Tower of London

The year of construction is 1066.

Architect: Gundulf of Rochester.

The Foundation of the Tower of London

In 1066, Duke William I of Normandy captured England, becoming its king. For the final submission and intimidation of the Anglo-Saxons, he erected several defensive fortifications. For one of them, I chose a place where an old wooden fort stood on the banks of the Thames. Construction began with the construction of the central stone tower-donjon.The castle, set on a hill, was clearly visible from the streets of London, and therefore, clearly demonstrated to the Anglo-Saxons the thoroughness and power of the royal power of William the Conqueror.

Tower Guards

The traveler, whose path led to the Tower of London, will be met by representatives of the palace guard.By the way, it has existed since 1475. It was her representatives who introduced the accused into the Tower through the gate, called the "Gate of Traitors".

Tower Guards

By the way, all the guards of the Tower of London are called "beefeaters", which in translation into Russian can literally be translated as "meat eater".This nickname was attached to them back in the 15th century: the people of England were starving, and the guards who guarded important prisoners and the state treasury were always fed. And not just fed: for breakfast, lunch and dinner, each member of the Tower guard received a huge piece of meat.Representatives of the Tower guards who died of illness or old age are still buried in the cellars of the chapel today. In the very basements where fifteen hundred skeletons without skulls were found.

Jewel Tower

The tower was built as a repository of the royal treasures of Edward III, and the names are another name "The King's Secret Wardrobe".The Jewel Tower is a stone three-storey structure located across the street from the Palace of Westminster.The tower was built into the fortress wall, but was located at a distance from the Palace complex. This fact explains why the Tower was not damaged by the fire of 1834, which destroyed almost the entire Palace.Until 1834, the Tower was an archive for historical documents of the House of Lords, later the archive was moved to the Victoria Tower. The tower was not used for some time.

Legends and stories of the Tower

For 900 years of the Tower's existence, legends and historical facts have inextricably intertwined. On the south side of the outer wall is the Tower of St. Thomas, and in it is the "Traitors' Gate" facing the Thames. Those convicted in the Palace of Westminster for high treason were taken to this entrance to the Tower by boat, which was considered a great shame

Legends and stories of the Tower

Immediately behind the "Traitors' Gate" in the inner wall there is a Bloody Tower facing the courtyard. Here in 1483, immediately after the death of King Edward IV, the heir to the throne Prince Edward and his younger brother Prince Richard were brought by order of their uncle Richard, Duke of Gloucester.

No one outside the walls of the Tower saw the boys anymore, and "hunchback Dick" was crowned Richard III in the same year. In 1674, the skeletons of two boys were extracted from the ground nearby, which gave even more reason to talk that the ambitious duke ordered the nephews to be killed. They weren't the only royals killed here. Perhaps it was their father who ordered the murder of his predecessor Henry VI, who suffered from a mental illness. In 1471, Henry VI was deposed, sent to the Tower and executed, and the people were informed that the king had died of sadness.

Ghosts of the castle

The ghost of the "White Lady" is even recognized as the official ghost of the Tower, it is constantly seen here not only by museum employees, but also by many visitors, because on the anniversary of her execution, the queen appears in the corridors of the castle in a dark dress and without a head, which she defiantly carries under her arm. However, you can see this ghost at any other time, often the "White Lady" appears walking among the ghostly funeral procession. At this time, her face is hidden under a veil, but under it, a person's gaze catches a terrible emptiness. By the way, the ghost of the executed queen was also noticed in the Seversky Castle, which is located near London.

Ghosts of the castle

Ghostly boys in nightgowns sometimes appear in the Bloody Tower, in which it is easy to recognize the sons of Edward IV, who were killed by Uncle Richard of Gloucester, who later became King Richard the Third. Princes, as a rule, appear in front of a person holding each other's hand, stand for a while in front of a stunned visitor to the castle, and then melt right before their eyes.The following case stands out from the "ghostly life" of the Tower. One day a security guard noticed a light in St. Peter's Chapel. He put a ladder against the wall and thus managed to look through the window. In the chapel, he saw women and men in antique robes walking around in a silent circle. Among them, the guard recognized the "White Lady", the Duchess of Salisbury, Thomas More, Lady Jane Grey with her husband Lord Dudley and many other celebrities who once lived in the Tower. The strange procession was closed by the hanged rebels of 1745. They could easily be recognized by their pale, almost blue faces, eyes burning like coals and a bloody stripe on their necks. The procession circled the room several times and disappeared, after which the fantastic light in the chapel went out.

Famous prisoners of the fortress

Catherine Howard

James I

John II

William Penn

The Tower of London today

Although the history of the prison ended at the end of the twentieth century, the fortress keeps most of its traditions today. One of them is the key ceremony. Every morning, the palace is opened to visitors by beefeaters – guards of the Tower of London. They got this unofficial name because of the privilege of serving the royal family - they could eat the same meat as the monarch. Literally, the phrase "beef eater" means "the one who eats beef." The guards were also distinguished by their appearance: a bright red uniform, similar to the clothes of the Tudors. They wear the same uniform now.

The Tower of London today

Another integral component of the Tower of London is the crows, the guards of the kingdom. These birds became part of a medieval legend. It is believed that they protect the Tower from all evil forces. Crows are considered a source of power and wealth. Usually there are 6-8 individuals on the territory. They are cared for by a separate security worker. Their wings are clipped so that the birds cannot fly away, because an old legend says: "If the crows leave the Tower, London will fall."After the gates are closed, the building begins to live its normal life, becoming a cozy home for the guards and their families.

Interesting facts about the castle

William the Conqueror built a fortification in the XI century in order to protect the royal life from arrows, stones and spears.

The Tower survived two world wars with aerial bombing and shelling.

Dark stories about the dungeons of the Tower suggest a land soaked in blood. But only 7 people were executed within these walls.

For high-born persons, a new block was installed every time.

The noble prisoners were kept in prison at their own expense.

When imprisoned in the Tower, the property of the condemned was confiscated, and the Treasury gave the constable money for expenses from these funds. There were no people of the common class in the Tower.

The last prisoners left the castle prison in 1952, these were the Kray brothers.

And the first female beefeater appeared in the castle in 2007, having fulfilled all the necessary requirements for enrollment in the state.

Practical significance of the project

The Tower of London is quite an amazing and exciting castle. It is one of the main attractions of England. A huge number of tourists come to England every year to see this beauty. The practical significance of my project is to create a booklet "Tower of London" for English lessons. A survey was conducted among 11th grade students to find out what students know about the Tower of London. Number of respondents-21

Conclusion

The Tower of London is quite an amazing and exciting castle. It is one of the main attractions of England. A huge number of tourists come to England every year to see this beauty. As a result of working on the project, I managed to learn a lot of new and interesting things about the Tower. It's a pretty fascinating castle. The survey conducted shows that this topic is interesting to most students. I hope that my project will help to broaden my horizons and supplement my knowledge about the Tower of London Castle.

Thanks for your attention!