Разработка урока для специальности: "Строительство и эксплуатация зданий и сооружений" по теме: "Modern Building Materials"

Сабақ жоспары №10

План урока №10

Үйге тапсырма: пересказ текста ,выучить слова, правило

Оқытушының қолы:

Ход урока

Время Present Simple обозначает действие в настоящем в широком смысле слова. Оно употребляется для обозначения обычных, регулярно повторяющихся или постоянных действий, например, когда мы говорим о чьих-либо привычках, режиме дня, расписании и т. д., т. е. Present Simple обозначает действия, которые происходят в настоящее время, но не привязаны именно к моменту речи.

Утвердительные предложения:

Вопросительные предложения:

Отрицательные предложения:

Английский глагол во временной форме Present Simple почти всегда совпадает со своей начальной, то есть указанной в словаре, формой без частицы to. Лишь в 3-ем лице единственного числа к ней нужно прибавить окончание -s:

I work – he works

Если глагол оканчивается на -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o, то к нему прибавляется окончание -es:

I wish – he wishes

К глаголам на -y тоже прибавляется окончание -es, а -y заменяется на -i-:

I try – he tries

Для того, чтобы построить вопросительное предложение, перед подлежащим нужно поставить вспомогательный глагол. Время Present Simple используется без него, поэтому в этом случае добавляется вспомогательный глагол do (или does в 3 л. ед. ч.):

Do you like rock?
Тебе нравится рок?

Does he speak English?
Он говорит по-английски?

В отрицательных предложениях тоже используется вспомогательный глагол do/does, но не перед подлежащим, а перед глаголом. После него прибавляется отрицательная частица not. Do/does и notчасто сокращаются до don’t и doesn’t соответственно:

I do not like black coffee.
Я не люблю черный кофе.

She doesn't smoke.
Она не курит.

Примечание:

Вспомогательный глагол do/does может стоять и в утвердительных предложениях. Тогда предложение приобретает бoльшую экспрессивность, глагол оказывается эмоционально выделен:

I do want to help you.
Я на самом деле хочу тебе помочь.

Jane does know how to cook.
Джейн действительно умеет готовить.

В таких предложениях вспомогательный глагол никогда не сокращается.

• Регулярные, повторяющиеся действия:

I often go to the park.
Я часто хожу в парк.

They play tennis every weekend.
Каждые выходные они играют в теннис.

• Действие в настоящем в широком смысле слова (не обязательно в момент речи):

Jim studies French.
Джим изучает французский.

We live in Boston.
Мы живем в Бостоне.

• Общеизвестные факты:

The Earth is round.
Земля – круглая.

The Volga is the longest river in Europe.
Волга – самая длинная река в Европе.

• Перечисление последовательности действий:

We analyse what our clients may need, develop a new product, produce a sample,improve it and sell it.
Мы анализируем, что может понадобиться нашим клиентам, разрабатываем новый продукт, изготавливаем образец, дорабатываем его и продаем.

• Некоторые случаи указания на будущее время (если имеется в виду некое расписание или план действий, а также в придаточных предложениях времени и условия):

The airplane takes off at 2.30 p.m.
Самолет взлетает в 14:30.

When you see a big green house, turn left.
Когда вы увидите большой зеленый дом, поверните налево.

• Некоторые случаи указания на прошедшее время (в заголовках газет, при пересказе историй):

Airplane crashes in Pakistan.
В Пакистане разбился самолет.

I met Lenny last week. He comes to me and says, “Hello, mister!”
На прошлой неделе я встретил Ленни. Подходит ко мне и говорит: «Здорово, мистер!»

Card 10a Напишите утвердительные, отрицательные и вопросительные предложения в настоящем простом времени:

1. He (to watch) TV.

2. They (to do) housework.

3. We (to listen) to music.

4. I (to make) dinner.

5. She (to leave) her bag at home.

2. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

Some of the most important building material are: timber, brick, stone, concrete, metal, plastics and glass.

Timber is provided by different kinds of trees. Timbers used for building purpose are divided into two groups called softwoods and hardwoods. Timber is at present not so much used in building construction, as in railway engineering, in mining and in the chemical industry where it provides a number of valuable materials.

However, timber is still employed as a building material in the form of boards. For the interior of buildings plywood and veneer serve a number of purposes.

A brick is best described as a “building unit”. It may be made of clay by moulding and baking in kilns, of concrete, of mortar or of a composition of sawdust and other materials. In shape it is a rectangular solid and its weight is from 6 ½ to 9 Ib.

There exists variety of bricks for different purposes: ordinary, hollow or porous, lightweight, multicolor bricks for decorative purposes, etc. Bricks are usually laid in place with the help of mortar.

The shape and convenient size of brick enable a man to grip it with an easy confidence and, because of this, brick building has been popular for many hundreds of years. The hand of the average man is large enough to take a brick and he is able to handle more than 500 bricks in an eight-hour working day.

It is necessary, therefore, for the “would be” bricklayer to practice handling a brick until he can control it with complete mastery and until he is able to place it into any desired position.

The brick may be securely handled by placing the hand over the surface of the upper part of a brick and by placing the thumb centrally down the face of the brick with the first joints of the fingers on the opposite face. It is better to protect the thumb and the fingers with leather pads, which also prevent the skin from rough bricks.

Sometimes natural stones such as marble, granite, basalt, limestone and sandstone are used for the construction of dams and foundations. Marble, granite and sandstone are widely used for decorative purposes as well, especially with the public buildings.

Natural stone is used for foundations and for the construction of dams. The main varieties of building stone are basalt, granite, marble, sandstone and limestone.

Metals: Aluminium, principally in the form of various alloys, is highly valued for its durability and especially for its light weight, while brass is frequently used for decorative purposes in facing.

Steel finds its use in corrugated sheets for roofing, for girders, frames, etc. Various shapes are employed in construction.

Plastics are artificial materials used in construction work for a vast number of purposes. Nowadays plastics, which are artificial materials, can be applied to almost every branch of building, from the laying of foundation to the final coat of paint. Synthetic resins are the main raw material for plastics. Plastics have some good advantages as they are lighter than metals, not subject to corrosion, and they can be easier machined. Besides, they are inflammable, they can take any color and pattern, and they are good electrical insulators. More over, they possess a high resistance to chemical action.

A lot of decorative plastics, now available, have brought about a revolution in interior and exterior design. But plastics are used now not only for decoration. These materials are sufficiently rigid to stand on their own without any support. They can be worked with ordinary builders’ tools.

Laminate is a strong material manufactured from many layers of paper or textile impregnated with thermosetting resins. This sandwich is then pressed and subjected to heat. Laminate has been developed for both inside and outside use. It resists severe weather conditions for more than ten years without serious deformation. As a structural material it is recommended for exterior work. Being used for surfacing, laminate gives the tough surface.

Foamed glass is a high-porosity heat insulating material, available in block made of fine-ground glass and a frothing agent.

Foamed glass is widely used in prefabricated house building, to ensure heat insulation of exterior wall panels, and in industrial construction.

Foamed glass has a high mechanical strength, is distinguished by moisture, vapour and gas impermeability. It is non-inflammable, offers resistance to frost, possesses a high sound adsorption, and it is easily sewn and nailed.

Structural foamed glass blocks designed to fill ceilings, and for making interior partitions in buildings and rooms, to ensure heat and sound insulation.

For insulation mineral wool or cinder wool is often resorted to.

2. Переведите на русский язык следующие английские словосочетания:

1) building purposes; 6) foamed glass;

2) building construction; 7) heat insulating material;

3) railway engineering; 8) wall panels;

4) eight-hour working day; 9) resistance to frost;

5) raw material; 10) high sound adsorption.

Перевод:

1) формирование целей; 6) пеностекла;
2) строительство; 7) теплоизоляционный материал;
3) железнодорожное машиностроение; 8) стеновых панелей;
4) восьмичасовой рабочий день; 9) морозоустойчивость;
5) сырье; 10) звук высокой адсорбцией.

Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

1. What are the most important building materials?

2. What groups are timbers divided into?

3. What is brick made of?

4. What are marble, granite and sandstone used for?

5. What is natural stone used for?

6. What is the main raw material for plastics?

7. What is foamed glass?

Card 10a Напишите утвердительные, отрицательные и вопросительные предложения в настоящем простом времени:

1. He (to watch) TV.

2. They (to do) housework.

3. We (to listen) to music.

4. I (to make) dinner.

5. She (to leave) her bag at home.

Card 10a Напишите утвердительные, отрицательные и вопросительные предложения в настоящем простом времени:

1. He (to watch) TV.

2. They (to do) housework.

3. We (to listen) to music.

4. I (to make) dinner.

5. She (to leave) her bag at home.

Card 10a Напишите утвердительные, отрицательные и вопросительные предложения в настоящем простом времени:

1. He (to watch) TV.

2. They (to do) housework.

3. We (to listen) to music.

4. I (to make) dinner.

5. She (to leave) her bag at home.

Card 10a Напишите утвердительные, отрицательные и вопросительные предложения в настоящем простом времени:

1. He (to watch) TV.

2. They (to do) housework.

3. We (to listen) to music.

4. I (to make) dinner.

5. She (to leave) her bag at home.

Card 10a Напишите утвердительные, отрицательные и вопросительные предложения в настоящем простом времени:

1. He (to watch) TV.

2. They (to do) housework.

3. We (to listen) to music.

4. I (to make) dinner.

5. She (to leave) her bag at home.

Card 10a Напишите утвердительные, отрицательные и вопросительные предложения в настоящем простом времени:

1. He (to watch) TV.

2. They (to do) housework.

3. We (to listen) to music.

4. I (to make) dinner.

5. She (to leave) her bag at home.

Card 10a Напишите утвердительные, отрицательные и вопросительные предложения в настоящем простом времени:

1. He (to watch) TV.

2. They (to do) housework.

3. We (to listen) to music.

4. I (to make) dinner.

5. She (to leave) her bag at home.

Some of the most important building material are: timber, brick, stone, concrete, metal, plastics and glass.

Timber is provided by different kinds of trees. Timbers used for building purpose are divided into two groups called softwoods and hardwoods. Timber is at present not so much used in building construction, as in railway engineering, in mining and in the chemical industry where it provides a number of valuable materials.

However, timber is still employed as a building material in the form of boards. For the interior of buildings plywood and veneer serve a number of purposes.

A brick is best described as a “building unit”. It may be made of clay by moulding and baking in kilns, of concrete, of mortar or of a composition of sawdust and other materials. In shape it is a rectangular solid and its weight is from 6 ½ to 9 Ib.

There exists variety of bricks for different purposes: ordinary, hollow or porous, lightweight, multicolor bricks for decorative purposes, etc. Bricks are usually laid in place with the help of mortar.

The shape and convenient size of brick enable a man to grip it with an easy confidence and, because of this, brick building has been popular for many hundreds of years. The hand of the average man is large enough to take a brick and he is able to handle more than 500 bricks in an eight-hour working day.

It is necessary, therefore, for the “would be” bricklayer to practice handling a brick until he can control it with complete mastery and until he is able to place it into any desired position.

The brick may be securely handled by placing the hand over the surface of the upper part of a brick and by placing the thumb centrally down the face of the brick with the first joints of the fingers on the opposite face. It is better to protect the thumb and the fingers with leather pads, which also prevent the skin from rough bricks.

Sometimes natural stones such as marble, granite, basalt, limestone and sandstone are used for the construction of dams and foundations. Marble, granite and sandstone are widely used for decorative purposes as well, especially with the public buildings.

Natural stone is used for foundations and for the construction of dams. The main varieties of building stone are basalt, granite, marble, sandstone and limestone.

Metals: Aluminium, principally in the form of various alloys, is highly valued for its durability and especially for its light weight, while brass is frequently used for decorative purposes in facing.

Steel finds its use in corrugated sheets for roofing, for girders, frames, etc. Various shapes are employed in construction.

Plastics are artificial materials used in construction work for a vast number of purposes. Nowadays plastics, which are artificial materials, can be applied to almost every branch of building, from the laying of foundation to the final coat of paint. Synthetic resins are the main raw material for plastics. Plastics have some good advantages as they are lighter than metals, not subject to corrosion, and they can be easier machined. Besides, they are inflammable, they can take any color and pattern, and they are good electrical insulators. More over, they possess a high resistance to chemical action.

A lot of decorative plastics, now available, have brought about a revolution in interior and exterior design. But plastics are used now not only for decoration. These materials are sufficiently rigid to stand on their own without any support. They can be worked with ordinary builders’ tools.

Laminate is a strong material manufactured from many layers of paper or textile impregnated with thermosetting resins. This sandwich is then pressed and subjected to heat. Laminate has been developed for both inside and outside use. It resists severe weather conditions for more than ten years without serious deformation. As a structural material it is recommended for exterior work. Being used for surfacing, laminate gives the tough surface.

Foamed glass is a high-porosity heat insulating material, available in block made of fine-ground glass and a frothing agent.

Foamed glass is widely used in prefabricated house building, to ensure heat insulation of exterior wall panels, and in industrial construction.

Foamed glass has a high mechanical strength, is distinguished by moisture, vapour and gas impermeability. It is non-inflammable, offers resistance to frost, possesses a high sound adsorption, and it is easily sewn and nailed.

Structural foamed glass blocks designed to fill ceilings, and for making interior partitions in buildings and rooms, to ensure heat and sound insulation.

For insulation mineral wool or cinder wool is often resorted to.

2. Переведите на русский язык следующие английские словосочетания:

1) building purposes; 6) foamed glass;

2) building construction; 7) heat insulating material;

3) railway engineering; 8) wall panels;

4) eight-hour working day; 9) resistance to frost;

5) raw material; 10) high sound adsorption.

Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

1. What are the most important building materials?

2. What groups are timbers divided into?

3. What is brick made of?

4. What are marble, granite and sandstone used for?

5. What is natural stone used for?

6. What is the main raw material for plastics?

7. What is foamed glass?