Разработка урока по изучению профессиональной лексики по теме "HARDWARE. What is a computer"

HARDWARE

WHAT IS A COMPUTER

Vocablury

• - to respond — отвечать
• - instruction — инструкция , команда
• - manner — способ , манера
• - to execute — выполнять , исполнять
• - list — список
• - equipment — оборудование
• - wire — проволока , провода
• - circuit — цепь , схема
• - hardware — аппаратное обеспечение
• - data — данные
• - software — программное обеспечение
• - to store — хранить
• - to perform — выполнять, совершать

- memory — память

- temporarily - временно

- device — устройство

- permanently — постоянно , неизменно

- to include — включать

- disk drive — дисковод

- to input — вводить

- keyboard — клавиатура

- mouse — мышь

- to enter — вводить , входить

- to output — выводить

- screen — экран

- to accomplish — совершать , выполнять

- application — применение , приложение

A computer is a programmable machine that responds to instructions in a set manner. It can execute a prerecorded list of instructions (a program).

The actual equipment — wires, transistors, and circuits — is called hardware; the instructions and data are called software. They are stored in files and tell your computer to perform a task.

Computers have the following components:

• memory to store data and programs temporarily.
• a mass storage device to store data permanently. Common mass storage devices include disk drives and CD-ROMs.

• input devices such as a keyboard and mouse, so you can en­ter data and instructions into a computer.
• output devices such as a monitor (screen), printer, or other device that lets you see what the computer has accom­plished.
• central processing unit (CPU). It’s the part of the com­puter that executes instructions (does the computing).
• operating system. It’s a program that lets you access the computer's contents and that runs programs.
• applications: programs that accomplish a specific purpose to help you get your work done (such as word processing or calculating formulas).

Find the English equivalents for the following Rus­sian word combinations:

• программируемая машина;
• определенным способом;
• список программ;
• храниться в файлах;
• выполнять за­дачу;
• временно хранить данные;
• устройства для хранения;
• вводить данные в компьютер;
• запускает программы;
• достичь содержимое компьютера;
• выполняют особую цель;
• вычисление формул;
• устройства ввода данных;
• устройства вывода данных;

• input devices;
• output devices;
• runs programs;
• to access the computer contents;
• a programmable machine;
• a list of instructions;
• to be stored in files;
• to store data temporarily;
• in a set manner;
• storage devices;
• to perform a task;
• to enter data into a computer;
• accomplish a specific purpose;
• calculating formulas.

Answer the following questions:

• What responds to instructions in a set manner?
• What does a computer execute?
• What is called hardware?
• What is called software?
• What does memory store?
• What device stores permanently data?
• What do common mass storage devices include?
• What are input devices used for?
• What are the main purposes of output devices?
• What is CPU?
• What lets us to access the computer’s contents?

Complete the sentences:

• A computer is ...
• The instructions and data are called ... and are stored ...
• Input devices are ...
• Output devices are ...
• .... runs programs.
• Applications are ...
• ... executes instructions.

Translate the sentences from Russian into English:

• Компьютер — это программируемая машина.
• Центральный процессор выполняет команды.
• Операционная система запускает программы.
• Данные и команды называются программным обеспе­чением.
• Данные хранятся в памяти компьютера на дисках.
• Устройства вывода данных показывают, что выполнено компьютером.
• Устройства ввода данных помогают ввести данные в компьютер.
• Аппаратное обеспечение включает в себя провода, транзисторы и электрические схемы.

THE WAY A COMPUTER STORES INFORMATION

Vocablury

• rigid — твёрдый, жёсткий, негнущийся
• magnetic — магнитный
• amount — количество, объем
• rapidly — быстро
• unlike — в отличие от
• to insert — вставлять
• a floppy disk — флоппи - диск
• to transfer — переносить, передать, делить, перегородить
• to partition — разделять, перегораживать
• icon — значок, изображение
• to identify — устанавливать, различать, опре­делять, распознавать
• folder — папка
• possibly — возможно
• to manage — вести, управлять

A computer stores information on a Hard drive. The Hard disk or the Hard drive is a rigid disk coated with magnetic material for storing programs and relatively large amounts of data. It is used for a rapid recording and reading of the information. It is also called «Winchester».

In the process of operating a computer the user will run a lot of programs only from the Hard drive and stores the results of his work on it. The recording and reading of the information from Winchester, unlike the diskette, takes place rapidly.

If the user inserts a floppy disk that is called drive A. The drive A is used to store and transfer the information from a computer to another one. If the user has more than one hard drive or his hard drive is partitioned, it gives a possibility to store some more information or data. But the floppy disk is an old version of information storage. The most modern way to store information is to use a USB flash memory card. When the user inserts the flash-card that is called drive H or F. USB flash + memory is of high capacity, so it can store a large amount of data up to tens Gb.

A file always has a name and a type. It has a picture icon, which helps to identify the file type.

A file can be a document the user created or it can be a part of the program the user operates to create documents. A document file can contain texts, pictures, sounds or a combination of them. A program file can be used only as part of the program.

The user usually can’t open it up and sees what’s inside, be­cause it’s written in programming code. Everything on computers is stored in files.

Most program files are already organized for the user when he installs the program. It’s up to the user to organize his docu­ment files so he can find them when he needs them. For that reason the user creates folders for files and possibly folders inside of folders.

Most versions of Windows come with a folder called My Docu­ments where the user can put files that he creates. Besides that sub folders can be created inside that folder or anywhere else the user wants to organize his document files. The user must use My Computer or Windows Explorer to manage his files.

Find the English equivalents for the following word combinations:

• rigid disk;
• large amounts of data;
• disk coated with magnetic material;
• can contain;
• to install the program;
• for that reason;
• to create a folder inside of folders;
• Hard disk;
• identify the file type;
• to store and transfer information;
• to insert a floppy disk.

• жёсткий диск;
• негнущийся диск;
• огромное количество данных;
• вставлять флоппи-диск; диск,
• покрытый магнитным слоем;
• хранить и переносить информацию;
• распознать тип файла;
• может содержать;
• устанавливать программу;
• по той причине;
• создать папку внутри папок;

Answer the questions:

• Where does a computer store the information?
• What does CD-ROM serve for?
• What is the Hard drive used for?
• What is the Hard drive also called?
• What disk is called drive A?
• What is the function of the drive A?
• What does a file serve for?
• What has a file?
• What does the picture icon help to?
• What can a file be?
• What can a document file contain?
• What can a program file be only used?
• Why can’t the user open the program file?
• Where is everything stored in computers?
• What reason does the user create folders for?
• Where can subfolders be created?

Complete the sentences:

• A computer stores information on ...
• The Hard drive is ... for storing programs and relatively large amounts of data.
• If is often called ...
• If the user inserts a floppy disk that...
• .. a way to store some information or data.
• A file can be a ...
• .. can be used only as part of the program.
• Everything in computers is stored ...
• Most program files ... for the user when he installs the pro­gram.

Find the wrong statements and correct them:

• The computer stores information on a flexible disk.
• CD-ROM drive is called floppy disk.
• Everything in the computer is stored on a hard disk.
• A file is a temporary way to store some sort of data or infor­mation.
• CD-ROM drive is of great capacity than a floppy disk.
• It is impossible to rewrite information on a CD-R disk.