Reported Speech

Прямая речь –это речь, переданная дословно,

без изменений.

Tom tells his friends, “I work in London.”

“ Who are you?” she cried. “What do you want?”

Косвенная речь – это передача содержания прямой речи в форме пересказа.

He says to Lena, “I see my friends every day.”

He says to Lena that he sees his friends every day.

При этом при переводе прямой речи в косвенную местоимения изменяются согласно требованиям логики.

He tells them. “I can help you.”

He tells them that he can help them.

I

he, she, I (редко)

we

they, we (редко)

you

he, she, they

Согласование времён – это зависимость времени глагола-сказуемого придаточного предложения от времени глагола-сказуемого главного предложения.

says

tells  2

says to  2

 1

время не изменяется

She says, “I am fine”.

She says that she is fine .

said

told  2

said to  2

 1

время изменяется

She said that she was fine.

Direct Speech

Reported Speech

Present Simple

V, Vs

write

Past Simple

V2, Ved

wrote

Past Simple

V2, Ved

wrote

Past Perfect

had V3

had written

Future Simple

will V

will write

Future in the Past

would V

would write

Present Progressive

is

am Ving

are is writing

Past Progressive

was

were Ving

was writing

Past Progressive

was

were Ving

was writing

Present Perfect

have

has V3

have written

Past Progressive

was

were Ving

was writing

Past Perfect

had V3

had written

Past Perfect

had V3

had written

Past Perfect

had V3

had written

Future Perfect

will have V3

will have written

Future perfect in the Past

would have V3

would have written

Present Perfect Progressive

have

has been Ving

have been writing

Past Perfect Progressive

had been Ving

had been writing

Past Perfect Progressive

had been Ving

had been writing

Past Perfect Progressive

had been Ving

had been writing

Прямая речь

now

Косвенная речь

today

then

that day

here

there

yesterday

the day before

ago

before

last…

tomorrow

the previous …

next …

the next day

the following …

this

that

these

those

the day after tomorrow

two days later

the day before yesterday

two days before

https://learningapps.org/3519083

Утверждения переводятся в косвенную речь следующим образом:

 1 said /said to  2/ told  2 that

подлежащее + сказуемое

( Союз that можно не употреблять )

“ I enjoy swimming,” Louisa said.

Louisa said that she enjoyed swimming.

 1 said /said to  2/ told  2 that  V.

1 ) Tom said, “I’m awfully tired”.

that

he

was

Tom said awfully tired.

2)I said to Mary, “I’ll be in London tomorrow”.

I

I said to Mary

that

would be in London

the next day.

3)Jim said, “I haven’t seen Alice today”.

that day.

Jim said that

hadn’t seen Alice

he

4)Ann said to Tom, “I didn’t know this girl”.

Ann told Tom that

she

hadn’t known

that girl.

told

said

said

told

said

Choose the right variant

• John said, ”I’m sorry to disturb you, Eliza”.

A John told that he was sorry to disturb Eliza.

B John told Eliza that he was sorry to disturb her.

C John said to Eliza that he had been sorry to disturb her.

2. The teacher said, “You can have a rest, children”.

A The teacher told the children that they could have a rest.

B The teacher said to children that they can have a rest.

C The teacher said that they could have a rest, children.

3. He said, “Where is Jill going?”

A He asked where was Jill going.

B He asked where Jill went.

С He asked where Jill was going.

Перевод просьб и приказаний из прямой речи в косвенную

Если в прямой речи содержится просьба или приказание, то при переводе в косвенную речь перед ней:

• ставятся слова автора – to ask smb или to tell smb;
• глагол в косвенной речи ставится в форме инфинитива.

 2 to V

asked

told

 1

Kate said to her sister, “Please, tell me the truth.”

Kate asked her sister to tell her the truth.

При пересказе запретов используется отрицательный инфинитив.

 2 not to V

 1

asked

told

The mother said to her son, “Don’t watch this film.”

The mother told her son not to watch that film.

Перевод повелительных предложений в косвенную речь

а) команды, инструкции, просьбы:

tell (  2 )

ask

 1

(not) infinitive

“ Tom, help me!” mum asked .

Mum asked Tom to help her.

Глаголы tell, ask можно заменить на глаголы

command, order, warn, advise, invite, forbid.

“ Get out of the car!” the policeman said .

The policeman ordered to get out of the car.

Перевод повелительных предложений в косвенную речь

b ) Предложения (предположения):

suggest +

 1

 1

V ing

V ing

“ Let’s go to the cinema!” I said .

I suggested going to the cinema.

suggest + that (should)

 1

 2

infinitive без to

“ Let’s go to the cinema!” I said .

I suggested that we (should) go to the cinema.

P. 95

Перевод вопросительных предложений в косвенную речь

а) Общие вопросы

asked (  2)

Wondered if/whether

wanted to know ( ли )

подлежащее + сказуемое

(прямой порядок слов)

 1

“ Have you been crying?” mum asked .

Mum asked if I had been crying.

При прямом порядке слов глагол-сказуемое следует за подлежащим. (Утвердительные и отрицательные предложения).

При обратном п орядке слов глагол-сказуемое стоит перед подлежащим. (Вопросительные предложения).

b ) Специальные вопросы

asked (  2)

wondered wh

wanted to know ( ли )

 1

подлежащее + сказуемое

(прямой порядок слов)

Jim asked, “What are you doing now, Mary?”

Jim asked Mary what she was doing then

c) Вопрос к подлежащему

В вопросе к подлежащему в косвенной речи порядок слов не меняется.

He asked, “Who likes pop-music?”

He asked who liked pop-music.

was

Sam asked the boys: Who is knocking?

Sam asked the boys who knocking.

John: What is your phone number, Bob?

asked

John asked Bob what his phone number was.

was

1. Robby asked, “Bobby, help me, please!”

A Robby asked Bobby to help him.

B Robby asked Bobby that he helped him.

C Robby asked Bobby that he would help him.

2. The doctor asked, “How do you feel?”

A The doctor asked how did I feel.

B The doctor asked how I felt.

C The doctor asked how I had felt.

3. Colin asked Richard, “Will you be free tomorrow?”

A Richard asked would Colin be free the next day.

B Colin asked Richard if he would be free the next day.

C Colin asked if Richard will be free tomorrow.

4. Sam asked, “Where were you yesterday, Tom?”

A Sam asked where he was Tom yesterday.

B Sam asked Tom where was Tom the day before.

C Sam asked Tom where he had been the day before.

5. Ann asked me, “Don’t make so much noise, please.”

A Ann asked me that I not make so much noise.

B Ann asked me if I not made so much noise.

C Ann asked me not to make so much noise.

p.95

P.149,EX.6

Change the sentences into reported speech.

• I said to her, “I have something to tell you.”
• Mr Smith said, “I am going to call you tomorrow.”
• Sally asked, “Why did you decide to go to Egypt?”
• My cousin said, “We moved to a new flat two days ago.”

5. He asked, “Who will do this task?”

6. He said, “My mother has just come.”

7. She said, “I’ll come to you , Steve.”

8. The teacher asked, “What are you going to do, Peter?”

I said to her that I had something to tell her.

Mr. Smith said he was going to call me the next day.

Sally asked why I decided to go to Egypt.

My cousin told that they had moved to a new flat two days before.

He asked who would do that task.

He said that his mother had just come.

She told Steve that she would come to him.

The teacher asked Peter what he was going to do.