Research work " The memorial complex " Cranes"

АДМИНИСТРАЦИЯ ВОЛЖСКОГО РАЙОНА МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

«ГОРОД САРАТОВ»

МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОЕ ОБЩЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ

« Лицей № 107»

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Державинская ул., д.10 г. Саратов, 410018. Тел.(8452) 43-31-03, факс (8452) 44-14-63

Research work

" The memorial complex " Cranes"

made by:

Terina Veronika

the 11th form

the supervisor:

Korolkova A.V.

Saratov 2024

Contents

1.Introduction..........................................................................................................3

2. The Questionnaire.............................................................................................5

3. The research. The history of the creation of the memorial complex and the monument "Cranes"................................................................................................5

4. The importance of the memorial complex in modern life..................................7

5. Reflections on the future of the monument........................................................8

6. The conclusion...................................................................................................9

7.The list of sources and literature ........................................................................10

8.Application..........................................................................................................11

1. Introduction

This year, our country celebrates the 80th anniversary of the Great Victory of the Soviet people over Nazi Germany. We still do not cease to be surprised by the courage, steadfastness and heroism shown by Soviet soldiers on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War. We must never forget about those terrible years, about those who defended the freedom of our Motherland at the cost of their lives. The memory that has been preserved in books, in films, in the memories of veterans and even in stone does not allow us to forget those terrible fateful years.

Research topic: The memorial complex and monument "Cranes" in Victory Park on Sokolova Gora, Saratov.

2.The Questionnaire

There are monuments and memorial complexes in our region. A survey was conducted among students of the 11th grade of the school and parents about the knowledge of the memorial complex and the monument "Cranes" in Victory Park on Sokolova Gora in Saratov.

It was found out that 80% of students do not know anything about the history of these monuments, 20% of adults have such information partially. In the course of work tried to learn about when, why, on whose initiative the memorial complex was created, what role it plays in the life of our village.

Object of the study: the Great Patriotic War.

Subject of the study: Memorial complex and monument "Cranes" in Victory Park, fallen in the Great Patriotic War.

Hypothesis: assumed that monuments, as symbols of courage and heroism of soldiers, symbols of memory, contribute to the unification of people of different generations.

The purpose of research: to restore the history of the creation of the memorial complex in the Saratov region. To achieve the goal it is necessary to solve the following tasks:

1.Organize the collection of illustrative material on the topic.

2.Find out on whose initiative the monument was erected.

3.Determine the date of creation of the monument.

4.Find out in honor of whom it was created.

5.Find out what role monuments play in the life of the region.

6. Analyze the results obtained, formulate conclusions of the study.

7. To formalize the work and its appendices.

8.To familiarize school students and inhabitants of the settlement with the results of our activity.

Methods of research: analysis of historical sources, archival materials, survey.

Stages of work:

1.Collection of material: photographs, archival documents.

2.Processing of the collected materials: photos, processing of questionnaires, selection of material by directions.

3.Analysis of the received data.

4.Formalization of the work, annexes to it.

The research

3. The history of the creation of the memorial complex

and the monument "Cranes".

History has left the countrymen the memory of the dead in the form of monuments, obelisks, memorial complexes. Monument...the meaning of this word speaks for itself - to keep the memory, the memory of those who did not return to their native village, settlement, town, home.... Monument to soldiers - fellow countrymen - is a special memory of soldiers who did not return from the war.

April 19, 1975 was carried out the laying of the Victory Park. Saratov citizens from various enterprises, students, schoolchildren, cadets of military schools worked selflessly on this day.

Soon work began on the construction of a monument to fellow Saratov citizens who died during the Great Patriotic War. It was decided to build a memorial complex free of charge, on a voluntary basis. Therefore Saratov head A.I. Shibaev announced a competition for the monument.

The results of the competition were summarized in 1976. The project of Y.I.Menyakin - the main architect of that time, honored architect of the RSFSR, winner of the State Prize, corresponding member of the Academy of Architecture and Construction, later Honorary Citizen of Saratov and participant of the Great Patriotic War was chosen from the applicants (photo 1).

The choice of the place of monument installation was made by the author of the project personally, for which purpose a telescopic tower was installed at the place of preliminary monument laying.

The author of the project personally selected the place of monument installation, for which purpose a telescopic tower was installed at the place of preliminary monument laying.

Then the Department of Specialized Works (a subdivision of FGUP "GUSST No. 5 under Spetsstroy of Russia") carried out excavation works for landscaping, piling for the site, staircases, interstaircases and for the foundation of the monument. (photo2).

From the memoirs of Olga Menyakina, the architect's wife.

"Figurines of legendary cranes Yuri Ivanovich modeled at home. He started with a small wooden crane. Then, since my husband was an avid fisherman, he molded crane figures using the same technology as fishing tins. In the end the whole apartment was in small, large, medium cranes - our small children played with them as with toys. Finding the right proportions and designing the project took three whole years. Those very cranes were designed at the aircraft factory."

The choice of the monument's installation site was made by the author of the project personally, for which a telescopic tower was installed at the site of the preliminary laying of the monument. Then, the Department of Specialized Works (a division of FSUE GUSST No. 5 under the Special Construction of Russia) carried out excavation work on landscaping, piling was carried out under the platform, stairs, inter-stair platforms and under the foundation of the monument. (photo 2). From the memoirs of Olga Menyakina, the architect's wife. "Yuri Ivanovich modeled the figures of the legendary cranes at home. I started with a small wooden crane. Then, because my husband was an avid fisherman, he poured out crane figurines using the same technology as fishing lures. In the end, the whole apartment was filled with small, large, medium cranes - our little children played with them as with toys. It took three whole years to find the right proportions and develop the project. Those cranes were designed at the aviation plant."

The constructive engineering solution of the shapes of the cranes bearing the wedge is unique. Today, few people know that the beak of a crane flying at the head of a wedge, without damage to the entire structure, fluctuates horizontally up to 1 meter under the pressure of the wind. To glorify the monument on Sokolova Hill, a man—made Hill was built as an integral part of the Memorial. The monument consists of three reinforced concrete blocks 40 meters high with a stylized image of twelve cranes symbolizing the souls of fallen soldiers. The image of flying cranes is suggested in the song "Cranes" in the words of Hamzatov. Interestingly, only eleven birds can be seen at a time. A crane wedge of 12 birds flying to the West, where there were battles with the enemy, symbolizes the immortality of those who died for their Homeland. The birds are made of stainless metal. Crane wedge is a huge structure; a system of metal frames connected in a closed triangle; long consoles and fasteners.

At least 30 variants of crane wedge designs were designed on the computer so that it could withstand stress and all fluctuations in air flows.

The memorial complex "Cranes" is one of the symbols of Saratov. Erected on Sokolova Mountain at an altitude of 160 meters above sea level, having a man-made hill with a height of 100 meters and forty-meter pylons installed on it, you can see the silhouette of "Cranes" from many points in Saratov and Engels, and from a 20-kilometer distance down and up the Volga.

Currently, the architectural ensemble of the Cranes memorial consists of many elements: an Entrance square, a Memorial stone (a central slab with a Dedication); an Alley of Fame; a Fountain of Memory; A man-made hill, a Ceremonial military staircase, an Observation deck, Pylons with five-pointed golden stars fixed in the center and a wedge of 12 silver cranes flying West. And also — the building of the branch of the Museum of Local Lore (now the Museum of Military Glory) The memorial complex is always in good condition, it is under constant care and restoration.

5. The importance of the memorial complex in modern life.

Every year, on Victory Day, especially the Russian people, honor the courage, bravery and heroism of soldiers who honestly fulfilled their patriotic duty.

Here, to the Eternal Flame, residents annually lay scarlet flowers like drops of blood. The lines of the poet R. Rozhdestvensky that excite every person sound here: "In years, in centuries, remember! About those who will never come again, remember!"

The monument entered the lives of young citizens and became the place of the ritual of the birth of a new family. Traditionally, wedding motorcades come here. The newlyweds, along with their parents, relatives and friends, bow their heads to those who gave them a peaceful sky. The Eternal Flame Of Glory Is Burning! It will never go out! For "No one is forgotten, nothing is forgotten!"

Every year, with the arrival of summer, flower beds come to life, lawns and shrubs are improved. Every year, with the arrival of summer, flower beds come to life, lawns and shrubs are improved.

4. Reflections on the future of the monument.

Of course, we think our monument has a future. Because the memories of the participants of those terrible events have been preserved in the frames of documentaries. Because the grandchildren and great-grandchildren of those veterans are growing up, they have absorbed the stories of their grandfathers and great-grandfathers about great events since childhood and have no right to forget all this. Every year on May 9, we see how high school students stand in the guard of honor, how serious and focused their faces are. Coming to this memorial complex, laying flowers to it, we think of those who died defending our Homeland. We bow to them to the ground, we remember them.

6. Conclusion.

1. The author of the memorial complex and the monument "Cranes" is architect Yuri Ivanovich Menyakin.

2. The choice of the monument's installation site was made by the author of the project personally.

3. The construction of the Memorial began in the spring of 1980 and ended in April 1982.

4. The construction of the memorial began and was carried out on the basis of a resolution of the bureau of the Saratov City Committee of the CPSU and the Executive Committee of the City Council of People's Deputies

No. 118 dated April 2, 1980, which states: "Create in the park "Victory“ decorative and sculptural composition dedicated to the Saratov people who died on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.

5. The memorial complex and the monument "Cranes" - embody the courage, bravery and heroism of Soviet soldiers.

4. The assumption that monuments contribute to the unification of people of different generations has been confirmed.

Monuments contribute to the unification of different generations, because on May 9, the entire population of our country, from young to adults, come here to honor the memory of soldiers who gave their lives for peace on Earth. The stone symbols of glory, indestructibility, and greatness of our soldier will stand as an eternal memory of the fallen, a reminder to us.

The study is over. We have learned a lot from the history of our small homeland. It was as if we had turned over the pages of a huge book, in which our story and their fate are. The Book of life is the greatest book, and the names of people are the names of heroes. The duty of the living is not to forget about that terrible war, about those who saved their Homeland without sparing themselves.

The practical significance of the project.

1. The information collected can be useful to anyone interested in local history.

2. The material of this project can be used in class hours, lessons of Courage.

7. The list of sources and literature used.

1. B. N. Donetskiy, E. K. Maksimov "Architects of Saratov" (Saratov, Benefit publishing house, 2005, pp.148-151).

2. The Book of Memory of the Saratov region (volume 13, p. 42) (Regional Volga Publishing House "Children's Book", Saratov, 2000)

Application

Photo 1. The architect Menyakin on Cranes 1981-1982.

Photo 2. The construction of "Cranes" 1981.

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