Сборник тем для 2-го класса
My day
In the morning I get up at eight o’clock. I put on my clothes, brush my teeth and brush my hair. At nine o’clock I have breakfast – a sandwich and a cup of tea. Then I do my homework.
At half past twelve I go to school. My school starts at half past one. I have five or six lessons every day. My favourite lessons are English and Maths.
At quarter to seven I go home. In the evening I read a book, listen to music or watch TV.
On Monday and Tuesday I have a music lesson. Every Friday I go swimming after school. On Saturday I visit my grandparents and help my Mum about the house. On Sunday I like to ski in the park or in the forest. I also like to skate at the skating rink.
I go to bed at eleven o’clock.
My Family
Hello. My name is Tim. I’m nine. I’m from Britain. I live in London. I’ve got blond hair and blue eyes. I like to ride a bike and play tag (догонялки). I’ve got many friends (друзья).
I’ve got a family. My family is big. I’ve got a mum, a dad, a sister, a grandma, a grandpa, an aunt (тетя), an uncle (дядя) and two cousins (двоюродный брат или сестра). I haven’t got a brother.
My mum’s name is Kate. She has got long brown hair and green eyes. She likes to sing (петь).
My dad’s name is Bill. He has got short black hair and blue eyes. He likes to swim (плавать).
My sister’s name is Polly. She is little. She is five. She has got curly (кудрявые) hair and green eyes. She likes chicken, chips and apples.
My family is happy. I love my family.
My Toys
I have got many toys at home: big and little dolls, nice puppies and kittens, funny monkeys, yellow giraffes and ducks, green crocodiles, brown teddy bears, different balls, cars, buses and lorries.
I keep my toys in my room. I keep my dolls, puppies, kittens, and monkeys in the box. My giraffes, ducks, crocodiles and teddy bears are on the table. My balls are near my bed. My cars, buses and lorries are under the table.
But my favourite toy is my _________________________. It is a present from my parents. It is ____________and _______________. I like to play with it very much.
Сборник тем для 3-го класса
About Myself
My name is _________. My surname is ____________. I was born in ___________. I live in Perm at ___________ _____________________ Street. My city is very beautiful and green. I’m _______ . I study at school number 65. I’m a pupil of the third form. I like to study very much. My favourite lessons are: Maths and English (Reading, Handicraft, Music, Nature Study, Russian, Sport) . My hobby is reading (dancing, singing, sport, watching cartoons, playing computer games).
I’ve got a family. My family is not very big. We are four. I’ve got a mother, a father, and a brother. My mother’s name is __________________________. She is a __________________ (doctor, teacher, manager, secretary, hairdresser). She is tall (short) and slim (thick). Her eyes are blue (brown, green). Her hair is long (short) and fair (dark). She is _____________.
My father’s name is ______________________. He is a __________________(worker, engineer, driver, businessman). He is tall (short). His hair is short and dark. His eyes are green (blue, brown). He is very clever and strict. He is __________.
I’ve got a brother. His name is ______________. He is __________. He is a pupil, too.
I’ve got two grandmothers and one grandfather. I’ve got one uncle and three aunts.
My family is very friendly. We often go to the cinema, to the swimming pool, we like to go on picnics. I love my family.
Sport
Millions of people go in for sport. It is interesting and good for health (для здоровья). Sports help people to keep fit (быть здоровым).
The British like sports very much.
The most popular (самые популярные) British sports are: cricket, football, rugby, table tennis, badminton, boxing, golf, hockey and horse-racing.
American people are fond of (увлекаются) fitness too. They go in for swimming, skating, volleyball, basketball, baseball and diving.
People in Russia are sport-lovers too. Many sports are popular in Russia: hockey, football, swimming, skating, skiing, diving, judo, basketball and volleyball.
I’m fond of sports too. My favourite sports are ________________ and_______________ .
I’m good at________________. In my school there is a gym and a sports ground. We have P.E. lessons there. We run, jump, ski, play football and basketball at these lessons. I like sport.
Sports
I like sports very much. I like winter (зимние) and summer (летние) sports, too. We are a sports family. In summer (летом) we like to ride our bikes and play badminton (football, basketball, tennis). I’m a good swimmer (пловец). My parents are good swimmers, too. We swim in the pond (в пруду) and in the river (в реке).
In winter (зимой) we go to the skating rink (каток) together (вместе). It’s fun (весело) to skate (кататься на коньках) with my parents (родители)! It’s a pity (жаль), I can’t dance on the ice (лед) very well, but my mum can. We also like to ski (кататься на лыжах) together. We ski in the park and in the forest (в лесу). It’s fun to sledge (кататься на санках) and play snowballs (играть в снежки) in the park.
My dad is a good football player. He likes to play football at the stadium (на стадионе) with his friends. He teaches me to play football, too.
My mum can play tennis and table tennis very well. She likes to go to the gym (спортзал) to do aerobics and shaping.
I like PE lessons at school. In my school we have got a gym (спортзал) and a sports ground (спортивная площадка). Our sports teacher is very nice. She teaches us to play many sports games.
I think, sport is good and helpful (полезный) for me. My favourite sport is tennis.
My Pet
I’ve got a very nice pet at home. It’s a dog. His name is Rex. My dog is black and white. His hair is long. His tail is long, too. His eyes are black and his ears are big.
My dog is funny. He likes to play with me. I walk my dog twice a day: in the morning and in the evening. I take care of my dog. I help my Mum to cook meals for him. I feed my dog three times a day. I give my dog meat, bones, fish, soup, porridge, sausage, vegetables, milk or water. My dog thanks me. He says: “Bow-wow”.
My dog is happy when I’m at home. We are good friends. I teach my dog to answer to his name, not to jump on the table, to understand the words ’sit”, “come”, “heel”. He is very clever and kind. He is a good pupil. How I love my dog!
Сборник тем для 4-го класса
My Flat
I want to tell you about the place I live in. As for me, I live in a flat. It’s in a five-storeyed block of flats. My address is flat ___, ___ _________________street, Perm, Russia. My house is in a very good place. There is a bus stop, some shops, a supermarket, a post office, a city library, a chemist’s and a school not far from my house.
My flat is on the _______ floor. We have all modern conveniences: gas, electricity, central heating, hot and cold running water and telephone.
My flat is well-planned, comfortable and large. There are three rooms in my flat: a living room, a bedroom, my room, a kitchen, a bathroom, a toilet and a hall.
The largest room in my flat is the living-room. It’s very cozy and light. There is a sofa, two armchairs and a wall-unit in it. Opposite the sofa there is a small coffee table. There is a big window and a balcony there. There are nice yellow curtains on the window. There is a TV set, a DVD player and a stereo to the left of the window. There is a carpet on the floor of the room. We have many plants in this room. We spend much time in the living room. We watch TV and DVD, listen to music, have family parties.
Most of all I love my room. It is not large but it is comfortable. There is a desk, a wardrobe, a bookcase, some bookshelves, a computer, a bed and a chair. There are some posters on the wall. I spend a lot of time in my room. I play there, read, do my homework, spend time with my friends, play computer games and have rest.
Our kitchen is not large but it is light and nice. There is a sink, a fridge, a table with chairs, a cooker, and cupboards. We usually cook meals, have breakfast, dinner and supper there. We have an electric kettle, a microwave oven, a coffee maker and a food processor in the kitchen.
So you can see that my flat is very nice. I like it very much. For me it’s the best place in the world. At home I feel happy and relaxed. I think there is no place like home
My day
I am very buzy on my weekdays. My working day begins at 9 o’clock. I get up, clean my teeth, wash my face and hands, put on my clothes, brush my hair. Then I have breakfast. I usually have an omelette, a sandwich and a cup of tea for breakfast.
After breakfast I do my homework. It usually takes me two hours. Three times a week I attend music school (dance studio, sports club). I like it very much. I’m good at playing the piano (dancing, sport). At 12.30 I take my bag and leave home for school.
My school starts at 13.30. We usually have 5 or 6 lessons a day. After the second lesson we have lunch at school. My school is usually over at 6 o’clock.
In the evening I walk my dog, watch television, read books, play computer games and do some homework. My parents come home at 7 o’clock. We have supper together. After it I always help my mum to do the washing up.
I usually go to bed at 10 o’clock.
Christmas
British people celebrate Christmas on the 25th of December. It’s the happiest and the most favourite holiday in Great Britain.
Some weeks before Christmas People are busy. They buy presents for their relatives and friends, send greeting cards to them, go shopping and buy food and drinks for Christmas parties. They also decorate Christmas trees with toys, balls and coloured lights.
On Christmas Eve children go to bed early. They put their stockings near their beds or near the fireplace.
At night Father Christmas comes and puts presents into their stockings. He usually brings toys, sweets, chocolates and fruits for children. Sometimes he leaves a piece of coal for naughty (непослушным) children.
In the morning children open their presents. They like to get presents from Father Christmas and their parents. After breakfast British families go to church (церковь) and for a walk. Streets in London and in other cities are nicely decorated. Londoners like going to Trafalgar Square to see a big Christmas tree. This is a present from people of Norway (Норвегия).
In the afternoon people have traditional Christmas dinner. They usually have roast turkey, vegetables and Christmas pudding.
The 26th of December is Boxing Day. People go to see their relatives and friends and give them presents.
So, Christmas is a happy holiday for children and adults (взрослые) all over Britain.
Seasons
There are four seasons in a year: spring, summer, autumn and winter. There are three months in each season.
Summer is the hottest season in the year. The summer months are: June, July and August. In summer the sky is clear and cloudless (чистое и безоблачное), the sun shines brightly. The days are long and the nights are short and warm. It’s time for fruits and vegetables. It’s fun to swim, to lie in the sun (загорать), to play different (разные) games outdoors (на свежем воздухе).
The autumn months are: September, October and November. The days are becoming (становятся) shorter, the grass (трава) is yellow, the leaves (листья) fall down from the trees. It often rains, it’s often cold. It’s a season of harvest (урожай).
The winter months are: December, January and February. Winter is a cold and frosty season. It often snows. In winter you can have a very good time. You can ski, skate, play snowballs, make snowmen and sledge (кататься на санках).
My favourite season is spring. Spring is the season of hope (надежды), happiness (счастья) and new life (новой жизни). The nature (природа) awakens (просыпается) from its winter sleep. The trees, fields (поля) and grass become green. The first flowers appear (появляются). It’s warm and sunny in spring.
Сборник тем для 5-го класса
The UK
The Unites Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the official name of the country which is situated on the British Isles. The UK consists of four countries. They are: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The capital of England is London, the capital of Scotland is Edinburgh, the capital of Wales is Cardiff and the capital of Northern Ireland is Belfast.
The UK is an island state. The two main islands are Great Britain and Ireland. The two islands are separated by the Irish Sea.
The British Isles are washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the north and the North Sea in the east.
The UK is separated from the continent by the English Channel and the Straits of Dover.
More than 56 million people live in Britain. Everyone who was born in Britain is British. People from England are English, people from Scotland are Scottish, people from Wales are Welsh, people from Northern Ireland are Irish. They all have their own history, culture and traditions.
Most people in Britain live in big industrial cities, such as London, Manchester, Liverpool and Glasgow.
The Head of the State is the Queen. She is the symbol of the country. In fact she doesn’t rule the country. Nowadays Queen Elizabeth the Second is the Head of Britain.
The flag of the UK is called the Union Jack. It’s made up of three crosses.
The national emblem of England is the red rose. The emblem of Scotland is the thistle. The little shamrock is the emblem of Ireland. Daffodil and leek are the symbols of Wales.
Queen and Parliament
It’s difficult to understand the British way of ruling the country. The queen is the head of state, but in fact she has no real power. The real power in the country belongs to the parliament.
The royal family is respected in Britain and it plays a very important role in the policy of the country. The queen is a symbol of Britain. She has mostly representative functions. She travels all over Britain, meets with people, visits schools and hospitals, takes part in official ceremonies.
So do the other members of the royal family. Queen Elizabeth the Second has got a large family: a husband, three sons, one daughter, eight grandchildren. The Queen was born in 1926. She came to the throne in 1952.
The British Parliament consists of two Houses – the House of Lords and the House of Commons. There are 650 members of the House of Commons. They are elected every five years. They make laws.
The members of the House of Lords are not elected. They are permanent. They are noble people, aristocrats, lawyers and people of church. They discuss, change or delay the laws.
Hobbies and Pastime
A hobby is something that you enjoy doing in your free time. I think hobbies help you not to waste time. Most people choose a hobby to their liking.
One of the most popular hobbies is collecting things. Many people collect badges, stamps, postcards, stickers, toys, books, CDs and other things. Wealthy people collect works of art and cars.
As for me, I collect coins. There are more than five hundred coins from all over the world in my collection. My grandfather collects stamps. There are very old and rare stamps in his collection. My parents have a nice collection of books at home. I can always find a good book to read.
Another type of hobbies is making things. This includes handicraft, drawing, painting, designing costumes and others. For example, my brother likes making toy trains. His collection is growing day by day.
Playing computer games is becoming more and more popular. As for me, it’s my favourite pastime.
Nowadays lots of people go in for sport. They go swimming or running, play badminton, football, basketball or volleyball, do judo. Sports help people to keep fit and be healthy.
Listening to music is also popular with people. There are different kinds of music. Music helps you to relax and not to think about problems.
As you see, there are many kinds of hobbies. As for me, I like surfing the net, reading books and watching TV in my free time. I think it’s important to have a hobby.
Famous People
Joanne Kathleen Rowling
Joanne Kathleen Rowling was born on the 31st of July in 1965 in Bristol, England. She has always wanted to become a writer. She wrote her first book at the age of six – a story about a rabbit called Rabbit. At school she liked to tell stories to her friends.
Joanne’s favourite subjects at school were English and Foreign Languages. She was fond of reading. After leaving school she went to Exeter University to study French.
After graduating from the University she worked as a secretary for some time. Then she moved to Portugal to teach English. She worked afternoons and evenings, but her mornings were free for writing. Soon she married a TV journalist but their marriage didn’t last long. Joanne came back to Britain with her daughter and a suitcase full of Harry Potter notes.
She settled in Edinburgh. The times were hard. Her daughter was only four months. Nobody helped her to look after her baby. When the baby fell asleep, she wrote her book about Harry Potter. In this way the first book was finished.
Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone was published in June 1997. It was a great success. In July 1998 the second book – Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets – became bestseller number one. In July 1999 Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban came out. It was sold like hot cakes. The fourth book – Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire broke all publishing records.
Nowadays Joanne Rowling is famous all over the world. Her books have been translated into 31 languages. Films about Harry Potter are as popular as books about him.
Сборник тем для 6-го класса
Sports in Britain
The British are sports lovers. They like different kinds of sports and games. Many kinds of sports were invented and developed in Britain. They are: football, cricket, tennis, rugby, boxing, badminton, golf, horse racing and others. Nowadays these sports are played and loved all over the world.
The most popular game in Britain is football. It is spread all over the country – in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. National teams compete with each other every year. Two best teams play in the Cup Final at Wembley Stadium in London. Nearly all schools, colleges and universities have their own football teams. They take part in different competitions. There are many football clubs all over Britain.
Another popular national sport is cricket. It is a very slow game. A match can last 5 days. Cricket is typically British. It symbolizes an English way of life.
The British enjoy playing golf. It’s usually played in the countryside.
Tennis, or lawn tennis, is another popular game in Britain. It’s played by men and women on grass courts. There are a lot of tennis clubs in Britain.
Boxing as a British sport is one of the oldest.
The British are fond of horse racing, boat racing and motor-car racing.
Swimming, surfing, boating and sailing are enjoyed by thousands of people.
Winter sports aren’t popular in Britain because of the weather.
You see, sports play a very important role in lives of British people.
Environmental problems.
The problems of ecology are really important nowadays. People all over the world try to solve the environmental problems that endanger their lives.
The most serious ecological problems are:
These problems are the result of people’s activities. No doubt, humans have destroyed the environment. They build cities, nuclear power stations, develop industries, drive cars, dump waste into rivers and seas, cut down trees, spend free time in the countryside, don’t care about the nature, leave litter everywhere, pull out flowers, start fires and so on.
Greenhouse effect is also a very serious problem. It can change the climate and the life of people, plants and animals. Many animals and plants die out as they lose their habitat and food.
Pollution is very harmful for people’s health. It can cause serious diseases such as cancer, blood pressure, skin diseases and so on.
People must do their best to solve the ecological problems. We must save our planet. Everyone can be helpful. We mustn’t drop litter in public places, we must clean rivers and parks, plant trees, create homes for birds, save electricity, gas, water and light at home, turn off computers if they are not used. We must discuss environmental problems at the lessons and do something useful for the planet. Our future depends on our planet and our planet depends on us. We must protect it, if we want to survive.
Royal London
Many places in London are connected with the Crown. There are a lot of royal palaces, royal parks and streets where beautiful ceremonies are held. In the centre of London there is Buckingham Palace, the official residence of Queen Elizabeth II. It’s the place where politicians, presidents and monarchs come to meet the Queen.
The Mall is a wide avenue used for royal processions. It runs from Buckingham Palace to Trafalgar Square. There are ten Royal Parks in and around London. They are open to the public free of charge. Hyde Park is the largest park in London. It’s famous for the Speaker’s Corner where everyone can say what they want. Regent’s Park is famous for London Zoo and an open-air theatre where Shakespeare’s plays are performed on the stage.
Nowadays the Queen reigns but doesn’t rule in Britain. Still the Royal family plays a very important role in the life of the country. There were many kings and queens in the history of Britain. Some of them are still remembered by British people as they made great contributition into the life of the country. King Henry VIII is among them. He ruled in the 16th century. He made Britain independent from the Roman Catholic Church. He also made the country richer and more powerful. He had six wives whom he divorced or executed.
His daughter Queen Elizabeth was a strong and outstanding queen. She made Britain very important in European politics.
Queen Victoria ruled for the longest period in the history of Britain, for 64 years. During her reign Britain became a rich industrial country , an empire with a lot of colonies.
Queen Elizabeth II has been on the throne since 1952. She was born on the 21st of April 1926. She is Queen Victoria’s great-great-granddaughter. She works hard visiting different places and doing a lot of charity work. She’s also interested in the country’s affairs and has regular meetings with the Prime Minister. The Queen is married to Prince Philip (Duke of Edinburgh). They have four children – three sons and a daughter. Queen Elizabeth II is loved and respected by British people.
England
England is the largest part of the UK. There are five regions in it. They are: the Southeast, the Southwest, the Midlands, East Anglia and the North of England.
The Southeast is a highly populated region of England. London, the capital of the UK, is situated here. The main passenger ports and airports are here, too. Heathrow Airport is about 33 km west of central London. The countryside is very attractive in the Southeast. The County of Kent, known as the garden of England, is located here. The Southeast is famous for its resorts. Brighton is the best known of them.
The Southwest is known as a farming region. There are lots of small and big family farms where dairy products are produced. The Southwest used to be known for its pirates. This fact makes it a popular place for artists, writers and holidaymakers. You should come here if you want to see the famous Stonehenge, a remarkable historic place, and “ Land’s End” of Britain.
East Anglia is another farming region. Nowadays this part of England produces good harvest. East Anglia is isolated from the rest of Britain because of its position. It has beautiful cities, such as Cambridge, with fine historic buildings.
The Midlands is called the heart of England. It’s the largest industrial part of England. The most important industrial cities are Manchester, Sheffield and Liverpool. The two famous cities Stratford-upon-Avon and Oxford are connected with English culture: Stratford is the birthplace of William Shakespeare and Oxford is famous for its university.
The North of England has some of the wildest and loneliest parts of the country. Here you can find deep valleys, rivers, waterfalls, hills and mountains. This part is rich in coal which is very important for industry of the region. The main attractions are the Lake District and the ruins of Hadrian’s Wall.
Сборник тем для 8-го класса
The Best Holidays In My Life
Best of all I like summer holidays. There are many possibilities to have good holidays. They are: to travel about the native country, to go abroad, to go rafting, to lie in the sun, to swim in the rivers and lakes, to go to the seaside and many others.
My family and I spent two weeks of July at the seaside. We had a wonderful trip to the Black Sea, to Sochi. We got there by train, it took us three days to get there. The journey was rather long, but we enjoyed every minute of it. The train was comfortable, we passed by different Russian cities, admired beautiful scenery through the carriage’s window, read a lot, played board games, listened to music, made new friends.
Little by little the nature and the climate changed. At last we arrived in Sochi. The climate, the warm sea air, the nature, the sun and the sea made a great impression on us. Our parents rented a flat, we left our luggage in it and hurried to the sea. It met us with warm water and soft wave.
We were lucky to have wonderful weather during our stay in Sochi. Twice a day we went to the sea, swam a lot, took a sun bathe on the beach. Besides, we went on excursions around the city. There are many places of interest in Sochi, which are worth seeing. Thanks to Winter Olympic Games 2014 many new places appeared. For example, Olympic Park with modern stadiums, skating rinks and training centers. Moreover, you can visit a world-famous park of Dendrariy. There you can see rare trees, flowers, bushes and plants. Besides, there are several akwaparks and recreation parks in Sochi where parents and their children can have a great time.
We had a camera with us so we took lots of pictures of different places. We got unforgettable emotions and memories. For me there’s no place like Sochi. I advise everyone to come to Sochi one day and have a good time there.
My future career
There are many interesting and useful professions and it’s really not easy to choose the right one .
I began thinking about my future profession at the age of 15. When choosing a future career you should consider different factors. On the one hand, money is one of the most important factors when you make a choice. There are highly-paid and low-paid jobs. I think everybody wants to earn as much as possible.
On the other hand, it’s good when you get satisfaction from your work. It’s very important to choose a profession that suits your interests. In my opinion, a job should be interesting and socially important.
Other factors that can influence your choice are: parents’ advice, promotion prospects, further training, job conditions, your own traits of character and abilities. Besides, some jobs are considered to be more suitable for men and others for women.
As for me, I haven’t made up my mind yet what career to choose. My mum believes, that I could follow in her footsteps. She is a teacher of English. She thinks that I’m responsible, hardworking and sociable. My English is not bad and I’m rather creative and energetic. As for my dad, he recommends me to study marketing and management. He runs his own business and he is absolutely sure that I could help him in future.
Their advice is rather important for me, but I want to make the right decision myself.
First of all I have always been interested in economics and I’m good at Maths . I have analytical abilities and problem-solving skills. Moreover, I’m rather communicative, flexible and have good social skills. I also believe that English is my cup of tea. I feel that it would be nice if my future career will be connected with this language. Besides, I’m curious and adore travelling and getting new experience.
So, as far as I see I could be successful in different occupations which involve working with people. Perhaps a job of a tourist agent could suit me. Nowadays a lot of people travel and tourism is one of the world’s largest industries. I will have to deal with organizing tours for people, I will plan trips and tours that will please everybody, I will solve any customer problems, deal with complaints, be responsible for tourists’ accommodation, excursions and many other things. I know that this job is well-paid but it requires a good education, extensive knowledge of the world, fluency in the English language, flexibility, tolerance, and basic knowledge of economics.
To get a job of my dream it’s not enough only to finish some University. A future job interview will play a great role. The result of the interview will depend on how I will look, what I will say, how I will behave and what CV I will write. I will do my best to get a good position in a successful company.
Сборник тем для 9-го класса
Healthy Way Of Life
People nowadays are more health-conscious than they used to be. They understand that good health is above wealth.
To be healthy we should avoid different bad habits that can affect our health. In my opinion, smoking and drinking too much alcohol are the worst ones. It’s common knowledge that smoking and drinking can shorten our lives dramatically. Smoking, for example, causes a number of heart and lung diseases such as pneumonia, cough and cancer. Besides, it makes your teeth yellow and skin unhealthy. Fortunately, in recent years smoking has received a lot of bad publicity, and fewer people smoke nowadays. Some companies don’t employ people who are smokers. Smoking has been banned in most public places, because everyone agrees it does harm to our health.
Smoking and drinking are joined by less dangerous habits such as skipping meals, eating unhealthy food or even overeating. Of course, they are not quite as deadly as smoking or drinking alcohol, but they affect our health.
If we eat too much, we’ll become obese, and obesity leads to serious diseases. A lot of people like drinking cola and coffee, enjoy pizzas and hamburgers. But what is tasty is not always healthy. Fast food, for example, makes you fat.
In recent years eating habits have undergone a change. People are encouraged to eat less fat and more fibre. Fat is believed to be one of the major causes of obesity and heart disease. High fibre foods and low fat foods can now be found in all shops and supermarkets. Salads, beans and fruit have taken the place of steak and ice-cream. The fashion for healthy food is growing all the time.
Many people feel they are too fat, even if the doctors disagree. A lot of people try to improve their fitness. There are a lot of ways to lose weight and avoid gaining it. Perhaps, the most popular of them is following a diet. If you want to lose weight, you should cut out snacks and desserts and cut down on fat. People have also become more aware of calories, the energy value of food. Some people count calories they eat every day, so that they can try to take in fewer calories and lose weight. This is called a calorie-controlled diet. Manufacturers are increasingly producing special foods with fewer calories for slimmers.
But excessive dieting may be dangerous as well. Some people refuse to eat meat they consider it harmful. They say a vegetarian diet reduces the risk of cancer and vegetarians live longer than others. I can’t agree with them, because meat is an excellent source of good nutrition.
To my mind, the only way to stay healthy and keep fit is going in for sports. Among the benefits of regular exercise are a healthier heart, stronger bones, quicker reaction times and less susceptibility to various illnesses. Besides, you can eat and drink as much as you want because you are burning it all off.
To be healthy, it’s also very important to spend a lot of time in the open air. It’s useful to go for a walk before going to bed or to air the room.
Personally I believe that regularity in life promotes our health. Sleeping eight or nine hours, getting up early, regular meals, a healthy diet and going in for sports are really a good way to live.
Reading
I think that we can’t live without books. There are a lot of different kinds of books in the world. For example, thrillers, historical novels, science fiction, adventure books and others. Most of them are with us during all our life. Boys all over the world like reading adventures, thrillers and horrors, whereas girls prefer romances, historical novels and poetry. Encyclopaedias, reference books and dictionaries help pupils to do well at school.
All the members of my family enjoy reading very much. My father often reads newspapers and magazines. He thinks that it is the only way to be in the know of everything. And my mother is keen on reading romances and modern novels. For her they are more interesting than boring historical novels. But she wouldn’t mind reading about the life of the well-known people.
I enjoy reading very much. Most of all I like reading detective stories, because they have interesting story lines and unusual endings. I am practically captivated by characters who conduct investigations.
I never believed there really were books that you couldn’t put down. I changed my opinion when I started to read ___________ by __________________, an _______ writer. The book was written in the ____th century. It is a very good ________ story with a bit of ___________ thrown in it. The book is basically about _____________________. The main character of the story is __________who _____________. And _______________________. Finally __________________. The author brilliantly describes the adventures, love and fears of his characters. He really brings the characters to life. A good writer knows how to keep you reading the book. In _______________ the reader’s attention is caught from the very first page, and there is suspense till the very end. This is a great book and I would recommend it to everyone.
I wouldn’t mind reading adventure stories. Especially I like to read about characters who go through dangers to complete their mission. I think it’s more interesting than reading dull historical novels. But I dislike poetry, especially modern poetry. I find it too complicated. Sometimes I fail to understand what poems mean.
No doubt, reading is very important both for us and for the future generations. But some people started to think that we get all information we need from radio, TV and Internet, so we don’t need to read books. But that is not true at all. Reading makes a full man. Books teach us to be honest, kind and sympathetic. Books help us to learn better at school and to prepare for our future career.
I am sure that reading is an essential part of our life. Only in books you can find answers to all your questions. Books can tell us a lot about the modern world and the ancient times. Besides they can help us to explore new ideas and expand our outlook. I completely agree that “reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body”. What is more, books teach us to be kind and honest. While reading we learn how to solve our problems and to make people happy. And I think that reading is the perfect way to spend free time and not to feel bored. Books must be our friends during all our life.
Sport
Sport is an important part of our life. It’s popular all over the world. It makes people healthy and keeps them fit. Some people go in for sport professionally and some for their health. Many people do their morning exercises, train themselves in sport clubs, at the stadiums, take part in different competitions. Some of them go in for sports and sports activities such as swimming, skiing, playing badminton, hockey, football, basketball and others.
Public sport facilities are available to many people. There are a lot of different societies and clubs in Russia. Many of them take part in different tournaments and are known all over the world. Russian sportsmen have set a great number of world records in gymnastics, weightlifting, tennis, figure skating and other sports. Our athletes take part in the Olympic Games and always win a lot of gold, silver and bronze medals. Such athletes as Irina Rodnina, Vyacheslav Fetisov, Yevgenii Kafelnikov, Alina Kabaeva, Marat Safin are famous all over the world as Olympic medalists and record-setters.
No doubt, nowadays everybody wants to be fit, feel well, look slim and stay young. Many fitness clubs and sport centers have been built during the past years. Going in for sports is becoming more and more popular not only in Europe and America but in our country too. Both young and old people prefer an active lifestyle to a passive one. According to the latest statistics the most popular sports in Russia are jogging, football, basketball, skiing, skating, wrestling, tennis, aerobics and some others. We can say that Russia is a nation of sport-lovers.
Sporting activities are a part of daily life in Russia. In every school there is a gym and a sports ground. Secondary schools offer pupils such sports as football, basketball, track-and-field events. Being intelligent and at the same time good at sports is regarded as an ideal. Physical training is a very important subject at school. A lot of different competitions are held at school, a great number of pupils take part in them. In winter P.E. lessons are held outdoors. Pupils go skiing and skating. When it is cold outside the lessons are usually held indoors, in school gymnasiums. The children usually play different games such as basketball or volleyball. Besides they have some training in gymnastics.
During the last years there has been a great increase in keeping fit and staying healthy in Russia. Aerobics classes and fitness clubs, indoor pools and recreation centers have been opened in every town. But despite the increase in the number of people participating in sports, the majority of them still prefer to be spectators. Thousands of people go to the stadiums to support their favourite teams and sportsmen. Most of the important competitions are televised and people enjoy watching sports programmes on TV. But certainly watching sports events and going in for sports are two different things.
In my opinion, people can’t do without sport. Sport plays an important role in our lives. I think sport helps us in different ways. First of all, it helps us to stay in good shape, to keep fit and to be healthy. It makes people strong, fast and agile. What is more, sport builds character, it teachers us to win and to lose. It makes us more organized and better disciplined in our daily activities. Besides, it is a good way to meet people and to make new friends.
Sport is an essential part of our everyday life. To have a healthy mind, you must have a healthy body. But to be healthy, it is not necessary to become a professional sportsman. You may go in for sports just for pleasure, when you have free time. Some people jog every morning, some follow fitness classes shown on TV.
As for me I do sport occasionally. In summer I go in for swimming, ride a bike and play games, in winter I go skiing or skating. Sometimes I find time to go to the swimming pool.
Mass Media
Mass media (that is the press, the radio and television) play an important part in the life of society. They inform, educate and entertain people. They also influence the way people look at the world and make them change their views. As American media men say, “News is not what happens – it is what you see or read about in mass media”.
Television is a reflection of the modern world. It gives you an opportunity to travel all over the world, to see different people and to learn about their customs and traditions. Television keeps you informed about the rest of the world. When you need immediate information about the latest world events, you switch the TV on. There is always a great variety of programmes on TV: current affairs programmes and documentaries, plays and feature films talk shows and TV games. A lot of people like TV news because they can see everything with their own eyes. Besides, TV has a power to educate and broaden our minds. Very often TV dominates the life of the family most of the time. The TV set is not just a piece of furniture. It is someone who is “one of the family”. It is also a habit-forming drug impossible to resist.
Still, many people prefer the radio. The radio can be turned on most of the time, creating a permanent background noise. It doesn’t interfere with your activities. You can listen to the radio while doing some work about the house, reading a book or driving a car. On the radio one can hear various music, plays, news, quiz programs, panel games. Listeners can tune into all kinds of stations: pop and classical music, news, sport or foreign radio stations. People can often call in and ask questions about everything from cooking or car repair to politics or health. Callers often get a chance to give their opinions on the air. Besides, radio has fresher news than newspapers. They are informed every half-hour.
Thanks to the radio and television people can raise their cultural level and develop their artistic taste. Many of the TV programmes are excellent, they are made in good taste and with great professional skill. Radio and television bring into millions of homes not only entertainment and news but also cultural and educational programmes. There is a lot of education both on TV and radio. For instance, you can take a TV course in history, political economy, management, banking and in many other subjects, or learn a foreign language by radio. Educational TV films and programmes are shown in schools and institutes as part of the curriculum.
There is a lot of advertising on TV and radio. To advertise their goods commercial firms buy TV and radio time. So most of the radio and TV time is taken by advertisements. To convince the viewer that a certain product is the best and to persuade him to buy it takes not only a lot of imagination but also a lot of time. The same advertisements are repeated dozens of times every day, which bores the viewers. It is considered to be one of the major disadvantages of TV and radio adverts, at the same time thanks to advertisements people get to know about the goods and services offered.
Some people think that the only way to be in the know of everything is to read newspapers and magazines. Newspapers are packed with the latest news, information, fashion and facts. They play an important role in shaping public opinion and informing people of current events. Newspapers have certain advantages over magazines, TV and radio. Newspapers can cover more news and in much more detail than other mass media.
Today Russia can be proud of the variety of newspapers circulating throughout the country. On the news stalls one can find newspapers of all kinds: national and local, official and private, quality and popular, newspapers issued for children, teenagers, for all kinds of fans: sport-fans, car-fans. The freedom of press is actual and real today.
There are daily newspapers and weekly newspapers. Daily newspapers print world, national and local news. Sunday issues of the dailies are usually larger than the weekday ones. They may include special sections on such topics as entertainment, finance and travel, a guide to TV programmes, coloured comics. Now its almost impossible to classify all the Russian newspapers into two big groups: quality and popular. But I can’t but mention such newspapers as “Komsomolskaya Pravda”, “Argumenty i fakty”. They contain political, industrial and cultural news and report in detail on serious news, have detailed articles about the arts and sports, give information about films, concerts.
As popular newspapers are concerned they contain sensational stories and use large headlines and photographs, have articles about the private lives of famous people and report the latest scandal or gossip.
Newspapers come out all the time to provide people with the fresh and objective news. Newspapers have become a daily and essential necessity with all Russian people. Russian press calls the readers’ attention to outstanding issues of the day, reports about various aspects of life.
Magazine is one of the major mass media. Magazine is a collection of articles and stories. Usually magazines also contain illustrations. M-s provide information on a wide range of topics such as business, culture, hobbies, medicine, religion, science and sports. Some magazines entertain their readers with fiction, poetry, photography or articles about TV or film stars. There are several kinds of consumer magazines.
Children’s magazines contain stories, jokes, articles on subjects especially interesting for children. Intellectual m-s provide analysis of current cultural and political events. Many of them publish fiction and poetry as well.
Men’s magazines focus on such topics as adventure, entertainment, men’s fashion and sports.
Women’s magazines deal with child-raising, fashion trends, romance. They offer ideas on cooking and home decorating.
There are some weekly magazines for girls, containing love stories and features on school, parents, pop music and fashion. There is a lot of confidential chatter and advice on various areas of life.
The internet has recently become another important source of information. It is computer system that allows millions of people around the world to receive and exchange information about almost everything. The main use of the internet is to find information – for your schoolwork or job or just to find out more about your hobbies, sports or current events. All the latest information is available to you in your home, at any hour of the day and night. It’s much faster and easier to surf the net in search of information from all over the world than to travel to libraries in dozens of countries.
However, the real world of the internet may not be as perfect as it seems. With so much information available, finding what you want can take you hours. Multimedia web pages with photographs are attractive, but they make downloading slow and boring. Besides, there is too much advertising instead of real information.
In my opinion, we can’t say exactly which source of information is the best. It depends on what kind of information you need. However, I don’t think we should forget the educational value of reading a good book.
Computers
There is no doubt that computers have become an important part of our everyday life. We can do almost everything with the help of a computer. It’s much easier to edit and print documents using a PC. Besides, the World Wide Web allows us to access the latest information very quickly. If you want to travel abroad, you can find in the Internet the information about the country and its hotels. You can even buy things sitting at home and using your computer.
Interaction with the world is a great advantage of a computer. You can chat on-line and make new friends with people from all over the world. Besides, it’s a chance to practice your English. And if you want to send a letter, clicking the mouse will be much more convenient than buying a stamp and an envelope and finding time to make a trip to the post office.
There are very few companies today that don’t use computers. We must know how to work on the computer, that’s why computers have become a main part of school education. We have computer classes at many schools where we study computer science. I believe that within the next few years schools will begin to use laptop computers instead of books.
More than that, computers help us to do our homework. When I have to make a report for my biology class or to write a composition, the first place I look for is an Internet. Besides, there are a lot of educational programmes that can be really useful in our work.
However, many teachers think that students who rely on computers to do all their work are being cheated out of mind-expanding experience. I can’t agree with them because our home tasks are more complex today, that’s why the way we work out problems and find solutions must become easier.
Of course, there are computer addicts that spend all day long in front of computers playing games, watching films or even reading books on-line. I don’t believe that computers will replace printed books in the future, because printed books have certain advantages over electronic media. First of all, they are cheaper and easier to use. Secondly, printed books don’t need electricity, and you can take a book with you wherever you like, even to bed. What’s more, a printed book is better for human eyes than a computer screen. So I think that printed books will coexist with computers and will always be a part of human culture.
Yet we must admit that a lot of young people find virtual reality more attractive than their everyday life. Computer addiction makes them neglect school work and their everyday responsibilities. I can’t say that I’m a computer addict though I like to play computer games and to watch films on computer. I understand the consequences of computer addiction, that’s why I try to control my computer use.
In conclusion, I’d like to say that computers have introduced wonderful possibilities for people, but of course, we shouldn’t totally rely on them.
Internet
Nowadays the Internet is nearly as common and useful as the telephone. As more and more people use the I-t, as it becomes cheaper and faster and easier to use, there will be new things on the I-t that we cannot imagine today.
The internet has recently become one of important sources of information. It is computer system that allows millions of people around the world to receive and exchange information about almost everything. The main use of the internet is to find information – for your schoolwork or job or just to find out more about your hobbies, sports or current events. All the latest information is available to you in your home, at any hour of the day and night. It’s much faster and easier to surf the net in search of information from all over the world than to travel to libraries in dozens of countries.
However, the real world of the internet may not be as perfect as it seems. With so much information available, finding what you want can take you hours. Multimedia web pages with photographs are attractive, but they make downloading slow and boring. Besides, there is too much advertising instead of real information
On the one hand, the development of the I-t brings new opportunities to many people. Now, with the I-t, the place where you live may become less important than who you are and what you can do. In the future we’ll be able to find a job in any part of the world. What is more, the I-t will allow a lot of talented people to show the world their achievements.
No doubt, the I-t today is a great opportunity for people to report on the world. With the I-t the future belongs not to traditional journalists, but to ordinary people with a story to tell.
But on the other hand, possibilities of the I-t may seem frightening. Most of the world’s money is stored in computers. Clever criminals are likely to use computers and the I-t, not guns to steal it.
Some people argue that the I-t is dangerous because it is addictive. A lot of people, and especially teenagers, spend hours chatting or playing games on-line. What is more, teens and even children look at sex pictures on the I-t. Anyway, there are many ways for parents to prevent their children from seeing anything on the I-t that the parents don’t like.
To sum up, the I-t has changed the lives of people greatly. The World Wide Web offers people great opportunities, and we must try to make the best use of it.
Cars
Cars have given us freedom. We can go wherever we want to go, whenever we want to go. They have also given us independence. We don’t have to compromise or consider where other people wish to travel. Cars provide us with a personalized, door-to-door transport solution that’s always available. But they also change the world we live in.
If you had to consider the impact of cars on your town, first of all you would probably think of traffic jams and the difficulty of getting about in a car in the rush hour. Or maybe you would think of noise and air pollution that the cars cause. But there is a much bigger change we almost never think about. Cars change the face of the towns themselves.
As people buy more and more cars, the volume of traffic is increasing and roads have to be widened. It leads to narrow pavements and leaves little space to pedestrians.
Preferring our freedom to sharing transport with others, we get into our cars to get to our workplaces, to do our shopping, to go to the theatre, and many would even drive to go for a walk in the fields. And wherever we drive to, we have to park, too. So, a lot of space in the cities is taken by car parks. It also doesn’t change the face of the towns for the better.
Mobile Telephones
No consumer product in history has caught on as quickly as the mobile phone. Global sales of the mobiles have risen from six million in 1991 to more than 400 a year now.
The arrival of the mobile phone has transformed our lifestyles greatly. According to the results of the special opinion poll men now spend more time on the phone than women. The survey found that men with mobiles spend more than an hour a day making calls on an average weekday. Slightly fewer women have a mobile phone, and the survey shows that the average amount of time they spend on the phone is fifty-five minutes. The explanation might lie in the fact that men love to play with techno toys while women may be more conscious of the bills they are running up.
Innovation in mobiles has been happening so fast that it’s difficult for consumers to change their behaviour. Phones are constantly swallowing up other products like cameras, calculators, clocks, radios, and digital music players. There are twenty different products that previously were bought separately can now be a part of a mobile phone. Mobiles have changed the way people talk to one another, they have generated a new type of language, they have saved lives and become style icons.
Obviously, the rich have been buying phones faster than the poor. But this happens with every innovation. Indeed, as mobiles continue to become cheaper and more powerful, they might prove to be more successful in bringing the gap between the rich and the poor than expensive computers.
There are obviously drawbacks to mobiles as well: mobile users are two and a half times more likely to develop cancer in the areas of the brain adjacent to the phone ear; a third of all street robberies are mobile thefts; there are a lot of accidents waiting to happen as people drive with a mobile in one hand.
But, overall, mobile phones have proved to be a big benefit for people.
Environmental problems
Environmental problems have become exceptionally acute in the modern world. Environmental protection has become a vital necessity for all people.
Our planet is in serious danger. One of the most important environmental problems in the world today is the shortage of clean water. Industrial pollution has made many sources of water undrinkable. Rivers, lakes and even seas have become poisonous. Thousand of fish die every year as a result of the illegal dumping of waste in the rivers by factories all over the world.
A few years ago people thought that the supply of clean water was limitless. Now clean water is scarce, and we are beginning to respect this precious resource. We must protect the clean water that remains for the sake of our children and grandchildren.
Air pollution is another important problem. In hundreds of cities and towns the concentration of harmful substances in the air is over ten times the admissible level. Every day a huge number of plants and factories emit lots of harmful substances into the atmosphere of big cities. The great increase in the use of motor cars in the last quarter of the twentieth century has caused an increase in a new kind of air pollution. Pollution from factories and cars poisons the air we breathe and the main reason for the greenhouse effect and acid rains.
The acid rains can damage life in lakes and rivers and destroy forests. Greenhouse effect may also have disastrous consequences for our planet. It is already affecting several areas of the world with unusual weather causing droughts or heavy storms. The world’s temperature is going up and the climate is changing. Cutting down on emissions from large plants and exhaust fumes from vehicles could help solve the problem. I think we should try and use alternative energy such as solar energy and wind energy, and design plants and cars that run on electricity, a much cleaner fuel than petrol.
One of the most alarming environmental problems is depletion of the ozone layer, which protects the Earth from the dangerous ultraviolet rays of the sun. Because of the ozone holes the dangerous rays get through the atmosphere, causing skin cancer and other dangerous serious diseases. Many scientists think that these ozone holes are the result of air pollution.
In my opinion, the most urgent ecological problem today is the environmental safety of nuclear power stations. Nuclear pollution can’t be seen but its effects can be terrible. We all know how tragic the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster are. Nuclear waste also endangers people’s lives. People all over the world protest against nuclear tests and nuclear weapons. If we do not take any action, the possibility of a global nuclear disaster is very real.
Of course, we can’t but mention such burning issues as destruction of tropical forests and wildlife, overpopulation and shortage of natural resources. The list of serious ecological problems could be continued.
In short, people have destroyed our environment by building huge cities and power stations, developing industries, cutting down trees and excavating mountains. In pursuit of new inventions and discoveries, as well as higher and higher profits, man has forgotten about nature, and it has led him to the edge of ecological catastrophe. Ignorance about ecology may lead to further destruction of nature and worsen living conditions for all living beings.
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