Сравнительная характеристика Present Perfect и Past Simple.

Present Perfect

Past Simple

have/has v-ed /v3

v-ed /v2

Вспомогательные глаголы:

have(I, we, you, they)

has(he, she, it)

в вопросительных и отрицательных

did - v

Действие произошло в прошлом, а его результат сообщается в настоящем времени.

Действие произошло в прошлом с указанием времени свершения.

Указатели времени:

1. recently = lately - недавно;

2. since - с; с тех пор, как:

3.for – в течение;

4.today- сегодня;

5. this+временной промежуток – this week, this month, this year

Запомни:

это словосочетание уже содержит предлог :

на этой неделе;

в этом месяце;

в этом году.

Перед ним предлог не ставится!

6. have already v3/v-ed

just

never

ever

7. в вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях используется

yet

оно ставится в конце предложения.

Указатели времени:

1. yesterday – вчера;

2. the day before yesterday – позавчера;

3. in + указание года – in 1945;

4. last + временной промежуток – last week, last month, last year, last winter

Запомни:

это словосочетание уже содержит предлог:

на прошлой неделе;

в прошлом месяце;

в прошлом году;

прошлой зимой.

Предлог перед ним не ставится!

5. в придаточном предложении с

Past Continuous + when

He was reading a book when somebody knocked the door.

They have already written a letter.

They have not written a letter yet.

Have they written a letter?

They have written a letter this week.

Have they ever written a letter?

They have never written a letter.

He has just done his homework.

He has not done his homework.

Has he done his homework yet?

He has done his homework recently.

Has he ever done his homework himself?

He has never done his homework without help.

How long have you been in Moscow?

How long has he done his homework?

He did his homework yesterday.

He did not do his homework yesterday.

Did he do his homework yesterday?

When did he do his homework?