The category of aspect + grammatical oppositions

The theory of grammatical opposition. The category of aspect.

made by Khakimullina Luiza

Grammatical category is the opposition between two grammatical forms with the same lexical meaning but differing grammatically:

book – books (number)

was drawing – drew (aspect)

cold – colder – the coldest (comparison)

3 types of oppositions :

• privative
• gradual
• equipollent

By the number of members:

• binary
• ternary
• quaternary etc.

• binary privative - presence/absence of differential feature

book – books

[d] – [t]

• gradual - degree of the same feature

cold – colder – the coldest

• equipollent - different positive features

to be – am – is - are

The category of aspect

• 2 types by the old approach:

- simple

- continuous

• 4 types by George Curme:

- durative

- terminate

- point-action

- iterative

• Durative aspect - action in development

  remain, keep, continue, go on, keep on

2) Point-action aspect - only one point (either the beginning or the final point)

begin, start, grow, fall, turn, become, run, come, set

3) Terminate aspect - action as a finished whole

wince вздрогнуть , hit, sit down, bring

4) Iterative aspect - indefinitely prolonged actions

sniffle сопеть , pooh-pooh фыркать

The category of aspect

The old approach deals with the morphological form of the verb:

- simple

- continuous

• The new one – with semantics:

- durative

- terminate

- point-action

- iterative

Thank you for your attention!