The Structure and functions of the skin

Ход занятия

I Организационный момент

Приветствие, проверка присутствующих на занятии.

II Мотивация студентов

Постановка целей и задач урока для активизации внутренней мотивации студентов.

Teacher: How are you going today? Glad to see you! Today we are going to speak about The Structure and functions of the Skin. Why do we need to study the skin? It's not just a "shell". It protects us from bacteria, regulates temperature, and helps us feel the world. As future medical specialists, you must know its structure to treat burns, wounds, and infections.
I hope you will be active and attentive! Let’s start working!

Students: Good morning, teacher! We are fine!

Речевая зарядка: Answer my questions:

1. What day of the week is it today?

2. What day of the week was it yesterday?

3. What day of the week will it be tomorrow?

4. What is your favorite day of the week? Why?

5. How do you usually spend your weekend?

III Актуализация опорных ЗУН

Exercise 1. Match the English word with its Russian equivalent:

1. epidermis

2. dermis

3. subcutaneous layer

4. sweat gland

5. oil gland

6. hair follicle

7. melanocyte

8. capillary

a) сальная железа
b) капилляр
c) волосяной фолликул
d) эпидермис (наружный слой кожи)
e) меланоцит (клетка, вырабатывающая пигмент)
f) дерма (средний слой кожи)
g) потовая железа
h) подкожный слой

Answers:
1 – d, 2 – f, 3 – h, 4 – g, 5 – a, 6 – c, 7 – e, 8 – b.

Exercise 2. Sort the words into two columns: Structure (что это?) and Function (что делает?).

Epidermis, to protect, dermis, sweat, regulation, pore, sensation, hypodermis

Exercise 3. Read and translate the text.

The skin is the largest organ of the body. It has three main layers: the epidermis (outer layer), the dermis (middle layer), and the hypodermis (inner layer). The skin performs many important functions. First, it provides protection against bacteria and UV rays. Second, it helps in temperature regulation through sweating. Third, it provides sensation (touch, pain, heat) because it has many nerves.

4. Read the text again and mark the sentences as True (T) or False (F):

1. The skin has two layers. (False)
2. The epidermis is the outer layer. (True)
3. The skin helps to control body temperature. (True)
4. Sensation is possible because of blood vessels. (False, because of nerves)

Exercise 5. Fill in the gaps. Task: Use the words from the box to complete the sentences.

Words: epidermis, dermis, sweat, oil, melanocytes, capillaries, follicles, protection.

1. The outermost layer of the skin is called the………..

2. The contains blood vessels and nerves.

3. …………..produce a substance that keeps the skin moist and prevents infections.

4. …………..help the body cool down by producing sweat.

5. …………..are cells that give skin its colour.

6. Tiny blood vessels called………bring oxygen to the skin cells.

7. Hair grows from structures called hair……….

8. One of the main functions of the skin is……….gainst UV rays and pathoges.

Answers: 1. epidermis; 2. dermis; 3. Oil glands; 4. Sweat glands; 5. Melanocytes; 6. capillaries; 7. follicles; 8. protection.

Exercise 6. Look at the diagram of the skin and write the correct term for each number.

(Imagine a simple cross‑section diagram with 8 numbered lines pointing to:)

1. Outer surface layer

2. Middle layer with glands and vessels

3. Fatty inner layer

4. Coiled structure producing sweat

5. Small sac producing oil

6. Tube where hair grows

7. Cell producing pigment

8. Tiny blood vessel

Answers:
1. epidermis; 2. dermis; 3. subcutaneous layer; 4. sweat gland; 5. oil gland; 6. hair follicle; 7. melanocyte; 8. capillary.

Exercise 7. Complete the sentences using Present Simple. Use the verbs in brackets.

1. The skin (protect) the body from germs.

2. Sweat glands (release) sweat when we are hot.

3. Melanocytes (produce) melanin.

4. Capillaries (supply) blood to the skin.

5. The epidermis (renew) itself every few weeks.

6. Oil glands (keep) the skin soft.

7. Hair (grow) from follicles.

8. The subcutaneous layer (store) energy as fat.

Answers:

1. protects; 2. release; 3. produce; 4. supply; 5. renews; 6. keep; 7. grows; 8. stores.

Exercise 8. Answer the questions in 1–2 sentences. Use the vocabulary from the topic.

1. What are the three main layers of the skin?

2. What is the function of melanin?

3. How do sweat glands help the body?

4. Where are blood vessels located in the skin?

5. What do oil glands secrete?

6. Why is the subcutaneous layer important?

7. What is the role of hair follicles?

8. Name two protective functions of the skin.

Sample answers:
1. The three main layers are the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer.
2. Melanin gives skin its colour and protects it from UV rays.
3. Sweat glands release sweat to cool the body and regulate temperature.
4. Blood vessels are located in the dermis.
5. Oil glands secrete sebum, which keeps the skin moisturized.
6. The subcutaneous layer stores fat and provides insulation and energy reserve.
7. Hair follicles are structures from which hair grows.
8. The skin protects against pathogens and UV radiation; it also prevents water loss.

Exercise 9. Find and correct the one mistake in each sentence.

1. The epidermis contains many blood vessels.

2. Melanocytes makes the skin oily.

3. Sweat glands is found in the epidermis.

4. The subcutaneous layer are made of muscle.

5. Oil glands helps protect the skin.

6. Hair grow from the dermis.

7. Capillaries carries oxygen.

8. The skin protect us from germs.

Answers:
1. The epidermis does not contain many blood vessels. (or: Blood vessels are not in the epidermis.)
2. Melanocytes make the skin oily. (Actually, melanocytes produce melanin; oil is from oil glands. For the exercise: correct the verb form.)
3. Sweat glands are found in the epidermis. (Better: Sweat glands are found in the dermis.)
4. The subcutaneous layer is made of muscle. (Correct: is made of fat.)
5. Oil glands help protect the skin.
6. Hair grows from the dermis.
7. Capillaries carry oxygen.
8. The skin protects us from germs.