Употребление страдательного залога в английском языке

PASSIVE VOICE

YOU WANT TO SHOW THAT OBJECT HAS THE LARGER IMPORTANCE THAN SUBJECT

Passive Voice

We use passive forms when:

• a) we don`t know WHO did it;

The window was broken an hour ago.

• b) we are interested in WHAT happens, not WHO it is done by;

His watch was stolen in the street.

• с) the situation is rather formal.

Smoking is not allowed.

Passive Voice be +V 3

this room

object

Somebody cleans every day. (active)

subject

is cleaned every day . (passive)

The object of the active verb becomes the subject in the new sentence.

This room

subject

There are 8 forms of the verbs in the Passive voice.

Present Simple

Present Progressive

Past Simple

am / is / are + V 3

Future Simple

Present Perfect

The work is done .

is / are being + V 3

Past Progressive

have been + V 3

The work is being done .

was / were + V 3

The work

Past Perfect

The work was done .

was / were being +V 3

The work

will be / shall be +V 3

has been done .

had + V 3

was being done .

The work

The work

Future Perfect

had been done .

will be done .

will have been +V 3

The work

will have been done .

Rewrite these sentences using Passive voice:

• People don`t use this road very often.
• Somebody is using the comp at the moment.
• They have built a new hospital near the airport.
• They cancelled all flights because of fog.
• Somebody was cleaning the room when I arrived.
• The car was 3 years old but no one had used it very much.
• Somebody will translate this article tomorrow.
• By the end of the week Nick will have finished his report.

Remember

If we want to say who does the action ,

we use by :

This house was built by my grandfather.

Two hundred people are employed by the company.

If somebody does the action with the help of instruments , we use with :

Meat should be cut with a knife.

Food in Japan is eaten with chopsticks.

Choose the right preposition:

1. Fish is cut … a special knife.

2. What do we usually dig … ?

3. These novels are written … A. J. Cronin.

4. The big tree was cut down … Jim.

5. The bridge was built … five workers.

6. Who is the portrait painted …?

7. Women`s dresses are sewed … dressmakers.

Passive voice with the verbs that have two objects

Some verbs can have two objects:

We gave the police the information .

object 1 object 2

So it is possible to make two passive sentences:

The police were given the information. Or

The information was given to the police.

Other verbs which can have two objects are :

ask offer pay refuse

send show teach tell

Express the same in English using passive forms of the verbs

• Мои часы украли вчера.
• Посмотри! Новый кинотеатр построили!
• Когда Павел вошел в комнату, обсуждали его проект.
• Все упражнения сделаны. Мы можем идти в кино.
• Когда с ним поговорят?
• Текст нужно будет перевести.
• Когда папа приехал, вещи были упакованы.
• Где статья? Ее переводят. Ее переведут через час.
• Джона Леннона знают не только в Англии.
• Мне разрешили пойти в кино.

Match the two parts of these sentences:

1. Marriages are made a) cannot be undone.

2. Easily earned money b) than badly taught.

3. The devil is not so black c) is quickly spent.

4. Things done d) as he is painted.

5. Better untaught e) in heaven.

Find their Russian equivalents:

a) Браки совершаются на небесах.

b) Недоученный хуже неученого.

c) Не так страшен черт, как его малюют.

d) После драки кулаками не машут.

e) Что легко наживается, легко и проживается.