Условные предложения в английском языке

I

Предуниверситарий НИЯУ «МИФИ»

Методическая разработка по теме «Условные предложения» Уровень В2

Беликова Лариса Евгеньевна - учитель английского языка Университетского лицея № 1511 Предуниверситария НИЯУ «МИФИ»

2017-2018 учебный год

Conditionals are clauses introduced with ‘if’. The main types of conditionals are: Type 0, Type 1, Type 2 and Type 3. Conditional sentences contain two clauses: the subordinate if-clause (hypothesis) and the main clause (result). When the if- clause comes before the main clause, the two clauses are separated with a comma. When the main clause comes before the if-clause, then no comma is necessary. Conjunctions only if, even if, unless, as long as, provided/providing, in case, on condition that, but for, suppose/supposing can be used in conditionals.

e.g. If I finish work early (if-clause), we will go for a walk ( main clause).

We will go for a walk ( main clause) if I finish work early (if-clause).

Type 0 Conditionals (general truth)

We can use other present tenses in both clauses, e.g. Present Perfect or Present Continuous.

Sentences of this type are used to express something which is always true. We can use when or whenever instead of if.

e.g. If you heat ice, it melts.

If the light comes on, the battery is OK.

Type 1 Conditionals (real present)

Sentences of this type are used to express real or very probable situations in the present or future.

e.g. If you study hard, you will pass the exam.

If he is still sleeping, he won’t be on time.

If you need any help, just call me.

If you work hard, you can make great progress in English.

If Ann has received your SMS, she’ll surely phone you.

Type 2 Conditionals (unreal present)

Sentences of this type are used to express imaginary situations which are contrary to facts in the present and are unlikely to happen in the pesent or future. They are also used to give advice.

e.g. If I were taller, I would play basketball.

If you were coming to Moscow, I would show you the sights.

If I had more money, I could buy a car.

If I were you, I would apply for the job.

! We use were instead of was for all persons in if-clause of Type 2 conditionals.

Type 3 Conditionals (unreal past)

Sentences of this type are used to express imaginary situations which are contrary to facts in the past. They are also used to express regrets or criticism.

e.g. If I hadn’t eaten so much cake, I wouldn’t have been sick.

If you had been more careful, you wouldn’t have caused the accident.

Mixed Conditionals

We can mix different types of conditionals in one sentence.

Omitting “if”

“If” may be omitted when it is followed by an auxiliary verb such as should, had, were. The word order in the subordinate clause is inverted.

e.g. If I should see him today, I’ll tell him to call you.

Should I see him today, I’ll tell him to call you.

If he were home now, you could call him.

Were he home now, you could call him.

If I had known you wanted to talk to him, I would have told him yesterday.

Had I known you wanted to talk to him, I would have told him yesterday.

Replacing “if”

Unless (in Type 1 conditionals) The verb after unless is always in the affirmative.

e.g. Unless you hurry, you will miss the bus. ( If you don’t hurry, you will miss the bus.)

Provided/Providing (that)… (when the idea of restriction is very strong, if you promise, if you make some arrangements, etc.)

e.g. You may see the director provided you have an appointment with him.

(If you have an appointment with the director, you may see him.)

Suppose/Supposing = what will/would happen if? Or what would have happened if?

e.g. Supposing you were in his position, what would you do? (If you were in his position, what would you do?)

In case (usually appears in Type 1 Conditionals)

e.g. In case it rains, we’ll have the picnic inside. (If it rains, we’ll have the picnic inside.)

If- When

If is used to say that something might happen.

e.g. If it rains tomorrow, we’ll have to put off our trip.

When is used to say that something will definitely happen.

e.g. When I leave school, I’m going to join the Army.

! If the sentence expresses something that is always true, if and when mean the same thing.

e.g. If/When water freezes, it turns to ice.

Practice

Exercise 1 Fill in correct forms. Define the type of conditional in each sentence.

1. I won’t help you with your homework if you …….. (not tidy) your bedroom.

2. You need a visa if you ………… (want) to travel to China.

3. If he …………… (care) about other people’s feelings, he wouldn’t behave that way.

4. She ………… (not be) successful if she doesn’t learn to control her temper.

5. If I’d known you were such a gossip, I ………. (not tell) you my secret.

6. They would work harder if they ………. (not be) so tired.

7. The boss ………… (be) furious if he’d found out what you were up to.

8. If the temperature ……… (fall) below freezing, water turns to ice.

9. If they ………….(not expect) delays, they wouldn’t have set up so early.

10. Open the envelope and we ………… (discover) what Tom has been doing.

11. If I ……….. (be) taller, I would play in a basketball team.

12. I would have acted more cautious if I ………..(be) in his situation yesterday.

13. If he …………. (be) the one who did it, he would have disappeared for a while.

14. If you were not in a hurry, they ………. (already, explain) everything to you.

15. If you ………… (not, be) so late from school yesterday, you wouldn’t have been so tired.

16. They ………… (not, invite) you to join the English club, if they had known you do not speak English.

17. If you ……….. (see) them tomorrow, please, let them know I am coming this weekend.

18. If they were more careful, that Monday’s accident ………. (happen).

19. If our guests ………(stay) a bit longer, they will be able to meet our parents.

20. If I were you, I………. (do) this work yesterday.

21. If I ………….( meet) him, you will be the first to know.

22. If he didn’t eat so much, he…….. (be) in a better shape.

23. If I……… (not borrow) the money, I wouldn’t have been able to buy the bike.

24. If he ………..(not catch) the bus, he would have been late for work.

25. She…………. (win) the match if she hadn’t hurt her ankle.

26. If she…….. (change) her job, she would be a lot happier.

27. If you continue to shout so loudly, you …….. (wake up) the baby.

28. I……… (not trust) her if I were you.

29. If he goes on making so much noise, I………..( punish) him.

30. If she ………. (spend) less on clothes, you would be able to save some money.

Key

1. Don’t tidy – type 1

2. Want – type 0

3. Cared – type 2

4. Won’ be – type 1

5. Wouldn’t have told – type 3

6. Weren’t – type 2

7. Would have been - type 3

8. Falls – type 0

9. Hadn’t expected - type 3

10. Will discover - type 1

11. Were - type 2

12. Had been - type 3

13. Were – mixed type

14. Would have already explained - mixed type

15. Had not been – type 3

16. Wouldn’t have invited - type 3

17. See – type 1

18. Wouldn’t have happened - mixed type

19. Stay – type 1

20. Would have done - mixed type

21. Meet - type 1

22. Would be – type 2

23. Hadn’t borrowed - type 3

24. Hadn’t caught - type 3

25. Would have won - type 3

26. Changed - type 2

27. Will wake up - type 1

28. Wouldn’t trust - type 2

29. Will punish - type 1

30. Spent - type 2

Exercise 2 Join the clauses to make mixed conditional sentences

1. If you had told me A. I wouldn’t be so busy now.

about your problems

last week

1. If you had more common B. we would write letters to each other.

sense

1. If I had worked harder C. I wouldn’t be your wife now.

last month

1. If I had a hammer D. I would have found a better job

long ago.

1. If I am as clever as E. they wouldn’t have to study for the

you think I am exam now.

1. If the telephone hadn’t F. everything would be fine now.

been invented

1. If the alarm had sounded G. if you had gone to bed before midnight.

2. If I hadn’t met you at H. the police would be here now.

university ten years ago,

1. If they had been listening I. I would have hung the picture long ago.

to the lecture,

1. You wouldn’t be so tired J. you wouldn’t have told him about Ann’s

now wedding.

Key

1.F 2.J 3.A 4.I 5.D 6.B 7.H 8.C 9.E 10.G

Exercise 3 Replace “if” with unless, provided/providing that, suppose, in case making other changes if necessary.

1. If she doesn’t agree with the decision, what will we do?

2. If it snows, we will have a picnic inside the house.

3. The environment will get worse if people do not begin to take care of it.

4. I will lend you some money if you promise to repay me on Monday.

5. If the bus arrives in time, John will be here in five minutes.

6. If you don’t stop worrying, I’ll cancel the trip.

7. If you had a good job, would you be happy?

8. If the weather is fine, we will go hiking in the mountains.

9. He wouldn’t have come if you hadn’t invited him.

10. He can go with us if he promises to leave his dog at home.

11. What will happen if we do not water the plants in time?

12. I’ll plan to drive your car if you are tired.

Key

1. Suppose/supposing 2. In case 3. Unless people begin 4. Provided that 5. In case 6. Unless you stop 7. Suppose/supposing 8. In case

9. unless you invite 10. . Provided that 11. Suppose/supposing

12. . In case

Exercise 4 Choose the best alternative in the following sentences.

1. Go to bed at 11 o’clock, please. And when/if you go to bed, remember to turn the lights out.

2. When/If the meeting starts on time, I’ll be home in two hours.

3. When/If you do it again, I will punish you.

4. When/If her son starts school, she is going to look for another job.

5. When/If I am older, I am going to buy a dog.

6. When/If it snows tomorrow, I won’t go out.

Key

1. When 2. If 3. If 4. When 5. When 6. If

Exercise 5 Five of these sentences are correct and five contain an error. Tick (✓) the sentences that are correct and find the mistake in those that are wrong.

1. I’ll buy some bread if the shop’s still open.

2. If I were you, I’d try to follow the advice of your parents.

3. If we arrived early, it won’t be difficult to buy tickets for the concert.

4. I’d tell you the way this puzzle is being solved if I knew it, but I am afraid I don’t.

5. If I had five thousand euros, I’ll travel to Haiti.

6. I’d probably enjoy listening to this music if I were young.

7. I’ll make some remarks if I were in charge of this project.

8. If I didn’t have to go, I’d be happy to stay for a chat.

9. I’d speak to them if they understand the language.

10. This pie would taste better if you would add some more sugar in it.

Key

1. ✓ 2. ✓ 3…. arrive 4. ✓ 5….. I’d 6. ✓ 7. I’d 8. ✓ 9. …. understood 10. … added

Exercise 6 Write sentences as in the example

I did not have the TV program, so I missed the film. – If I had the TV program, I wouldn’t have missed the film.

1. I didn’t see the signal, so I didn’t stop.

_________________________________________________

1. She is very shy; that’s why she doesn’t enjoy parties.

_________________________________________________

1. I didn’t know your number, so I didn’t ring.

_________________________________________________

1. He doesn’t take any exercise; that’s why he is so unhealthy.

_________________________________________________

1. She didn’t know you were in hospital, so she didn’t visit you.

__________________________________________________

1. He doesn’t earn as much as I do because he doesn’t work overtime.

______________________________________________________

1. He’s very thin; perhaps that’s why he feels the cold so much.

_____________________________________________________

1. She didn’t speak to him, possibly because she was so shy.

_________________________________________________

1. My number isn’t in the directory so people don’t ring me up.

___________________________________________________

1. I only came up the stairs because the lift wasn’t working.

_______________________________________________

Key

1. If I had seen the signal, I would have stopped.

2. If she weren’t shy, she would enjoy the parties.

3. If I had known your number, I would have rung.

4. If he took some exercises, he would not be so unhealthy.

5. If she had known you were in hospital, she would have visited you.

6. He would earn as much as I do if he worked overtime.

7. If he were not thin, he wouldn’t feel the cold so much.

8. If she hadn’t been so shy, she would have spoken to him.

9. Unless I have my number in the directory, people won’t ring me up.

10. If the lift had been working, I wouldn’t have come up the stairs.

Exercise 7 Fill in if, when, unless in the conditional sentences

1. ……………….. you finish the composition, give it to the teacher.

2. ……………….. we don’t hurry up, we will miss our bus.

3. ……………….. we save some money, we can’t go to the sea this year.

4. ……………….. Sam doesn’t go to the interview, he won’t get the job.

5. ……………….. you are ready with your report, call me.

6. ……………….. it stops raining, we won’t go to the picnic.

7. ……………….. Linda comes soon, we’ll have to leave without her.

8. ……………….. you are not careful, you’ll hurt yourself.

9. ……………….. I pass the exam, I’ll get a certificate.

10. ………………. You work hard, you’ll be fired.

Key

1. When 2. If 3. Unless 4. If 5. When 6. Unless 7. Unless 8. If

9. When 10. Unless

Exercise 8 Complete the sentences. Choose a, b or c.

1. If people were a little more tolerant,…

1. our world would have been a better place

2. our world would be a better place

3. our world will be a better place

1. If my father had locked his car properly,…

1. his car would never have been stolen

2. his car will not be stolen

3. his car would not be stolen

1. If the ozone layer peels off a little more,…

1. we ran a much higher risk of attracting skin cancer

2. we would run a much higher risk of attracting skin cancer

3. we will run a much higher risk of attracting skin cancer

1. I would never feel comfortable on a plane if…

1. I know it’s the pilot’s maiden trip

2. I knew it’s the pilot’s maiden trip

3. I would know that it’s the pilot’s maiden trip

1. A dog will never bite you if…

1. you will look it straight in the eyes, I’m told

2. you look it straight in the eyes, I’m told

3. you looked it straight in the eyes, I’m told

1. The first thing I will do is drive to Spain if….

1. I would get my driving license

2. I got my driving license

3. I get my driving license

1. If John hadn’t responded in such an aggressive manner, …

1. he would never have a black eye

2. he won’t have a black eye

3. he would never have had a black eye

Key 1-b, 2-a, 3-c, 4-b, 5-b, 6-c, 7-c

Exercise 9 Complete the sentences with your own ideas

1. If I could change my life, …

2. If I had lots of money, …

3. If I were ten years younger, …

4. If I were you, …

5. If I were the president of my country, …

6. If I were a famous film star, …

7. If he had taken my advice, …

8. We’ll send for the doctor if…

9. If we leave before breakfast, …

10. If the river rises any higher, …

11. Her life might have been saved if …

12. If the volcano starts erupting, …

13. Unless it is a nice day, …

14. He would lend it to you if…

15. If you leave the gate open, …

16. You will have to go to the dentist if…

17. If Ann rings while I am out, …

18. If I’d had a car, …

19. We’ll finish this project in time provided…

20. Robert won’t be allowed to stay in the States unless …

21. You must sit this exam even if …

22. Unless you start at once you …

23. If my best friend moved to another town, ...

24. If the television broke down in the middle of a detective film,…

25. If I were alone on a desert island, ...

26. He would have given her diamonds if…

27. If you had asked his permission, …

28. If the fire had been noticed earlier, …

29. If I lived in the country, …

30. The milk wouldn’t have turned sour if …

Exercise 10 Translate into English

1. Торт сгорел бы, если бы я не пошла на кухню.

2. Если бы театр был ближе, мы смогли бы пойти пешком.

3. Если бы сейчас шел дождь, я бы остался дома.

4. Вы бы не опоздали на поезд, если бы взяли такси.

5. Если я увижу Тома, я попрошу его вам позвонить.

6. Если бы вы ложились спать раньше, вы не чувствовали бы себя таким усталым.

7. Если бы ты сказал ему правду, у тебя не было бы сейчас столько неприятностей.

8. Собака залает, если ты постучишь в дверь.

9. Если бы ты пришел вовремя, ты смог бы мне помочь.

10. На вашем месте я бы всегда разговаривал по-английски.

11. Вы бы не забыли тогда книгу, если не торопились бы домой.

12. Если бы вы приняли лекарство, вы были бы сейчас здоровы.

13. Если ты придешь ко мне, я покажу тебе свои картины.

14. Если бы ты лучше знал английский, ты смог бы получить хорошую работу.

15. Если бы вы больше гуляли, вы чувствовали бы себя лучше.

Test

Choose the correct item.

1. They will certainly try to participate in the conference if they______ to find financing.

1. manages b) manage

c) will manage d) would manage

2. Come on, Tim, what______ if you were me ?

a)will you have done b) you would do

c) would you do d) will you do

3. If we hadn’t left the window open, the cat______ in.

a)won’t have got b) wouldn’t have got

c) won’t get d) wouldn’t get

4. If the police catch him, I am sure, it______ with her assistance.

a) would be b) should be

c) will be d) would have been

5. If I_______ you, I wouldn’t make such a conclusion.

a) had been b) would be

c) am d) were

6. If Moscow______ closer to the South, we would have more sunny days.

a) had been b) would be

c) were d) is

7. If you______ the piano better last year, you would participate in the contest now.

a) play b) had played

c) were playing d) had been playing

8. _____ they turn this music off, I’ll go mad.

a) Supposing b) Provided

c) If d) Unless

9. I would get along with them very well, if they______ English better.

a) would speak b) can speak

c) could speak d) could have spoke

10. I am sure that he could play tennis better, if he_____ at least twice as much. But he does not have time for it.

a) would practice b) practiced

c) had practiced d) were practicing

11. Phone him in case he_____ the news.

a) knows b) had known

c) knew d) has known

12. Don’t go to this party_______ you finish your English.

a) unless b) if

c) if only d) supposing

13. If I had taken the map, I_______ lost.

a) wouldn’t have got b) would have got

c) would got d) wouldn’t got

14. If he hadn’t stolen the money, he______ in prison now.

a) wouldn’t been b) wouldn’t be

c) would be d) wouldn’t have be

15. We can give them a lift if they______ anybody else with them. There is not much space in our van.

a) haven’t taken b) wouldn’t take

c) don’t take d) shouldn’t take

16. _____ you were writing this test tomorrow, what mark would you expect?

a) Unless b) In case

c) Supposing d) Provided that

17. If Mr. Brown_____ , I will let you know.

a) came b) would come

c) would have come d) comes

18. I’ll call my friend______ I get home.

a) when b) if

c) unless d) if only

19. You can listen to her singing provided you______ a ticket for the performance.

a) would have b) are having

c) would have had d) have

20. If he _____ in Burton’s position, what would he do?

a) had been b) has been

c) were d) would be

21. She wouldn’t have come unless she_____ invited.

a) has been b) had been

c) hasn’t been d) hadn’t been

22. If I_____ them better, I’ll go with them to the party tomorrow.

a) knew b) was known

c) had known d) hadn’t been known

23. If they hadn’t missed the plane, they _____ here by now.

a) will be b) will have been

c) would be d) would have been

24. If he_____ about the letter, would he have taken the same steps?

a) have known b) know

c) would know d) had known

25. If they come in time, we_____ to do everything together.

a) are managing b) will manage

c) will have managed d) would manage

26. If_______ the police last night, you would have been in trouble.

a) he has called b) he called

c) he calls d) he had called

27. If you wanted to learn the computer properly, you would_____ this book long ago.

a) read b) have been reading

c) have read d) had read

28. _____ the meeting starts on time, I’ll be home in two hours.

a) When b) If only

c) Supposing d) If

29. If Jane were studying, she______ the exam.

a) might pass b) might have passed

c) might passed d) might be passing

30. You_____ tired tomorrow if you don’t go to bed soon.

a) will be b) were

c) would be d) had been

31. Butter _____ if you leave it out in the sun.

a) melts b) melted

c) would melt d) will melt

32. I____ it very much if they gave the job to Mark.

a) don’t like b) didn’t like

c) wouldn’t like d) won’t like

33. I never get here on time if I_____ the train.

a) take b) didn’t take

c) wouldn’t take d) took

34. I wouldn’t have met up with John if I _______ at home.

a) stay b) stayed

c) would stay d) had stayed

35. You _____ work hard if you want to pass your exam.

a) have to b) had to

c) would have to d) had had to

36. I’d have helped you if you ____ me there was a problem.

a) tell b) had told

c) would tell d) told

37. I wouldn’t get so angry with you if you_____ more work done.

a) get b) got

c) would get d) will get

38. You _____ better English if you did more homework.

a) speak b) spoke

c) would speak d) will speak

39. I’d have bought the bigger model if I _____ afford it.

a) can b) could

c) would be able to d) had been able to

40. I_____ you at the cinema if you can make it.

a) see b) will see

c) would see d) saw

Key

1.- b 2.- c 3.- b 4.- c 5. – d 6. – c 7.- b 8.- d 9. – c 10. – b 11.- a

12. – a 13. – a 14. – b 15. – c 16. – c 17. – d 18.- a 19. – d 20. – c

21. – b 22. – a 23. – d 24. – d 25. – b 26. – d 27. – c 28. – d

29. – a 30.- a 31. – a 32. – c 33. – a 34. – d 35. – a 36. – b 37.- b

38. - c 39. - d 40. - b