Word formation. Spotlight 9

Module 1 Сеlebrations Lesson 1 f English in Use

• Word formation
• Phrasal verb TURN
• Words often confused
• Dependent prepositions

Word formation - ed, - ing

• frightened ' and frightening ' can be used as adjectives, but they describe things in different ways

Ex: On Halloween the costumes are frightening, that’s why I’m frightened to go out this day.

We use “ ED ” adjectives to describe how you feel (someone feels).

She is excit ed

We use “ ING ” adjectives to describe a thing or situation ( It )

Rollercoasters are excit ing

They are interest ed

The movie is interest ing

She is bor ed

The lesson is bor ing

He is tir ed

Studying is tir ing

She is amaz ed

The Pyramids are amaz ing !

They are bored .

(= They are not having fun;

they want to do something else.)

To be bor ed ?

To be bor ing ?

Mr Black is a boring teacher.

His lessons are always boring .

She is frightened .

I’m having a bath.

I’m so relaxed .

The bath is relaxing .

The snake is frightening .

Alex is one of the most annoying people I’ve ever met. He’s always showing off.

Mr Simpson was shocked .

The news was shocking .

I’m so annoyed .

Let’s make your own sentences

April Fool’s Day

phrasal verb “TURN”

TURN DOWN

A. refuse an offer or application

He turned down the dessert as he had already eaten too much.

B. reduce volume

Turn down the TV. I'm trying to talk on the phone.

TURN UP

A. = increase volume

Turn up the radio. I really like this new song.

B. = arrive

Fred turned up late again.

TURN BACK

= turn around and move in the opposite direction

There was a traffic jam on the road so we decided to turn back .

TURN INTO

= to change into something different, transform

She kissed the frog, and it turned into a handsome prince.

Caterpillars turn into butterflies.

TURN OFF

= to stop a machine or device from working/ performing

Don't forget to turn off the TV before you go to school.

• 1. I love this song! Turn it up and let’s dance!

• 2. Don’t turn down that job, Adam – it’s a great opportunity!

• 3. He’s usually rather quiet, but at carnivals he turns into a real party animal!

• 4. Once I leave my house, I never turn back . It’s very bad luck, you know.

• 5. I hope Jessica turns up soon.

• 6. Turn the lights off and I’ll bring in the birthday cake and candles.

Words often confused

Tradition

Habit

Custom

a belief, principle, or way of acting that people in a particular society or group have continued to follow for a long time – традиция, обычай

a way of behaving or a belief that has been established for a long time – обычай

something which a person does so often that he does it without thinking about it – привычка

How are …

… you?

We must keep up the family traditions .

It is our custom to give presents on Christmas Day.

This tradition dates back to medieval times.

In my country, it's the custom (for women) to get married in white.

She has a habit of finishing off other people's sentences.

Spectator

Audience

Crowd

a large group of people who have come together – толпа

a person who watches an activity, especially a sports event, without taking part – зритель

the group of people together in one place to watch or listen to a play, film, someone speaking, etc. – аудитория

In her bright yellow coat, she was easily identifiable in the crowd .

The audience clapped and cheered when she stood up to speak.

They won 4–0 in front of over 40,000 cheering spectators .

make

allow

let

(less formal)

(more formal)

to give permission for someone to do something or to not prevent something from happening – разрешать, позволять

to force someone (to do something) - заставлять

to allow something to happen or someone to do something by not doing anything to stop an action or by giving your permission – разрешать

You're not allowed to talk during the exam.

In the active voice, we use it with an infinitive without TO !

She wanted to go but her parents wouldn't let her.

You can't make him go if he doesn't want to.

At the weekend I allow myself a box of chocolates.

chance

luck

opportunity

the force that causes things, especially good things, to happen to you by chance and not as a result of your own efforts or abilities – удача

an unexpected occasion that allows something to be done – шанс, случай

a predictable occasion or situation that makes it possible to do something that you want to do or have to do, or the possibility of doing something – возможность

He left and I missed my chance to say goodbye to him.

His work provided him with the opportunity for a lot of foreign travel.

She wears a charm that she thinks brings her good luck .

Dependent prepositions

Believe

Reason

Afraid

Famous

Crowded

Tired

Interested

Pleased

in Верить в

for Причина

of Бояться

for Известный

with Переполненный

of Устать от

in Заинтересованный

with Довольный

My little brother is eight and still believes ________ magic.

of

in

with

in

for

The reason________ Earth Day celebrations is to create environmental awareness.

for

with

in

of

for

with

Although she is twenty, she is still afraid ________ dark.

for

of

of

in

for

The Toronto Film Festival is famous _______ appearances by major Hollywood stars.

of

in

for

with

The was crowded_______ cars and buses heading for the festival.

with

in

with

for

of

in

They got tired _____ waiting for the band to appear and took a walk around the park.

of

for

of

with

for

She is interested ____ learning more about traditional celebrations.

in

in

of

with

with

Everyone was pleased_______ the success of the Arts Festival.

with

for

of

in

Home Assignment (19/09)

Episode 1

Home Assignment (21/09)

SB ex.5a