Зачетная работа

Зачетная работа по английскому языку

Вставьте пропущенные предлоги.

1. My brother got married ______May.

2. She came to London ______the end of August______1972.

3. The leaves on the trees turn brown ______Autumn.

4. The English examination is ______July.

5. The banks close______ 5 pm.

6. Petersburg is ______the Neva River.

7. Jane lives ______a two-room flat ______ the third floor.

8. Gerhard has some nice pictures hanging ______his office wall.

9. There's somebody______ the door.

10. There's somebody waiting ______the bus stop.

Задание 2

Выберите в скобках правильный вариант модального глагола. Переведите предложения.

1. Our employees … (can/must) sign this agreement.

2. We … (may/ought to) reserve a table in advance if we want to have dinner there.

3. I … (can’t/needn’t) believe it! You … (have to/must) be joking.

4. Ann … (must/is to) finish school next year.

5. Sorry, I’m late. I … (needed to/had to) wait for the plumber.

6. What time do we … (should/have to) be at the railway station?

7. Don’t wait for me tonight. I … (might/must) be late.

8. I … (maynot/can’t) watch this film. It’s too boring.

9. We’ve got a dishwasher, so you … (couldn’t/needn’t) wash-up.

10. You look very pale, I think you … (need/should) stay at home.

Задание 3

3. Подберите к английскому слову его перевод

Задание 4 Переведите слова.

hood (bonnet) –

bumper –

boot -

window –

roof -

door –

wing –

aerial –

windscreen (windshield) –

side-view mirror (wing mirror) –

rare-view mirror –

windscreen wiper –

headlights –

Задание 5.Письменно ответить на вопросы.

1.Как перевести прямую речь в косвенную?

2.Что меняется при переводе прямой речи в косвенную?

3 Что такое согласование времен?

Задание 5

TRAFFIC AND AIR POLLUTION

Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст

Cars are wonderful, aren’t they? They free us from here and now, they open up routes into holiday weekends, and they turn difficulties of a journey into the pleasures of a trip. However, a continuous increase in the number of cars leads to serious congestion and escalates pollution caused by cars. Governments build new roads trying to improve the situation but this means that they cut down trees and destroy more of the countryside.

The car is one of the biggest polluters today. Exhaust fumes from cars are the main cause of bad air quality, which can make people feel ill and have difficulty in breathing. The problem is especially bad in some cities where on days, when there is not much wind, a brown layer of smog hangs in the air. The relatively inefficient combustion of fuel in a car engine causes many hydrocarbon fragments to be left unburned. These fragments help to form smog and are believed to be carcinogenic. The incomplete combustion of fuel produces also carbon monoxide (CO). It is poisonous and at moderate concentrations can cause drowsiness and impair mental and physical alertness.

Hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides in vehicle exhausts combine with one another in sunlight to produce ozone. The ground level ozone is a major air pollutant. The photochemical smog is worst in traffic-congested cities on hot, dry summer days. It is especially common when the vehicle engines are old and poorly maintained, as often occurs in developing countries. In some overpopulated cities such as Mexico-City and San Paulo almost all children suffer from coughs and different forms of allergies. This is mainly due to the effects of ozone and other motor vehicle pollutants.

Air in large cities contains a great deal of dust – suspended in air minute solid particles. Some of them are toxic and can contain lead. The lead is emitted in tiny particles, which take a long time to settle and, if breathed in, can accumulate in the body and cause lead poisoning. Today more and more cars are made to run on unleaded gasoline.

The toxic emissions from car exhausts can be reduced considerably by installing catalytic converters on the engines. Other strategy to solve the problem is to use electric cars powered by storage batteries. However, the storage batteries currently available have very limited capacity and require frequent charging.

2)Выпишите из текста предложения с модальными глаголами и переведите их.

3)Ответьте на вопросы

1. What are the main sources of air pollution?

2. What substances are major air pollutants?

3. What dangerous substances do car exhausts contain?

4. Which of them are the most dangerous?

5. In what connection would you put bad health problems and poor air quality?

6. What diseases can be caused by air pollution?

7. What age group of population is especially vulnerable to air pollution?

8. What can be done to reduce air pollution caused by cars?