Задание по теме "Газоны" для студентов специальности 35.02.12. Садово-парковое и ландшафтное строительство

Задание для студентов специальности 35.02.12. Садово-парковое и ландшафтное строительство по теме «Газоны»

1. Прочитайте текст «Lawns»:

A classical (top-quality) lawn has a decorative function. Its features are an emerald greenery and flat surfacing that does not bear any trampling. Low narrow-leaved (angustifoliate) cereals are used for arranging such lawns. For example, different kinds of spear grass (agrostis), poi, festuca can format a classical lawn. The soil should be rich fed with fertilizers and properly smoothed out because even tiny knolls and holes will be well seen at the surfacing of such a lawn. The lawn needs low and regular mowing, at least once a week. Being cut properly and groomed well a classical lawn looks wonderful. It is usually arranged in front of the estate and in the main areas where you can admire it but not to trample.

A first-quality (ordinary) lawn allows not only to admire it but also to trample. Of course, it cannot bear any comparison with a groomed classical lawn by its appearance but it is less capricious and simpler in arranging and maintenance. The composition of herbs for a first-quality lawn should contain raygrass (lolium perrene) and other broad-leaved cereals. But it is worth noticing that the composition should also include 10-30% narrow-leaved cereals, otherwise lolium can form knolls. An ordinary lawn needs rear mowing (twice a month), except the periods of fast grass growing such as spring and early summer. In those periods the lawn should be mowed more often. Wild growing herbs do not seen on a first-quality lawn.

A second-quality lawn is usually located on the large areas, in towns. It is formed with the same cereals as a top-quality lawn, however, the preparation of the soil can be less proper and the maintenance can be less often. We should notice here that any classical or top-quality lawn can turn into a second-quality one due to many reasons and vice versa. You can always improve a second-quality lawn after realizing the reasons of its worsening.

A rolling lawn is not another kind of a lawn but a new way of arranging it. You can form a classical as well as a top-quality lawn by this way. The turf for such a lawn is grown at the special fields. Then the turf is cut down and rolled in. In this state, it is transported to the location and rolled out there onto the beforehand prepared and smoothed out soil. So it is possible to get a lawn with ready turf right away by this way. The rolling lawn is very handy on slopes, where it needs much time for grass to implant and on the trampled soil and on the poor polluted soil in towns. However, a rolling lawn needs also proper maintenance during first months. The quality of this lawn depends on the fact when it is cut, where and how it was stored, how well it was watered after rolling out and how well the soil was prepared for the lawn. Nowadays the firms - producers of the rolling lawns use the methods of implanting the turf on the new soil rather successfully. This way of arranging lawns may have many perspectives.

A meadow lawn is rather popular in Russia. A meadow is a lot covered by cereals as well as not cereals, including wild growing herbs, with rather tough stems. A meadow, like any lawn, cannot bear much trampling, but unlike a lawn, it can be mowed only once a month. Moreover, a meadow does not need weeding at all. Being located at the right place a meadow lawn can look more natural and nicer than a grassy one. In this case, you should choose the seeds for the lawn more properly. For example, fast growing herbs will not do here. And you should remember that it is not worth doing to arrange a meadow lawn on the rich soil in order to prevent it from turning into a thicket of high grass looking more like a waste plot of land.

A moresque lawn looks like a meadow one. A moresque lawn is a lot sown with low narrow-leaved (angustifoliate) herbs and wild flowers. It is not so easy to arrange such a lawn. There is always the risk that it will have a wild and bad-groomed appearance. But if you have a lot with poor soil that is not suitable for growing up something else you can make a try and turn it into a blooming meadow. All that you need is to prepare the soil, choose a proper mixture of herbs and uproot perennial weeds. Though it seems quite easy to arrange the moresque lawn, you should remember that it is difficult enough to groom the lawn like that. It needs manual weeding because the herbicides can damage the main herbs. You can mow this lawn not very often but you should have special necessities. As a rule, without proper care the moresque lawn turns into an unattractive place with weeds already in a year.

The most popular flowers and bulbous plants for the moresque lawn are the following: crocuses, violets, cornflowers, buttercups, meadow camomiles. Festuca and spear grass (agrostis) should prevail over the other herbs in mixture. As to the mixture of flower seeds it should contain not only perennials but also the most popular annuals. In the whole mass the flower seeds should make from 5% up to 10%.

It is worth mentioning a soil-covering lawn that looks very original and unusual. It is formed not from cereals but from soil-covering plants. Being arranged properly it looks nice enough especially during the periods of blooming the plants such as camomile, thyme and veronica. But of course, there are some bad points in the lawns like those. The surface of a soil-covering lawn is not so flat as that one of the grassy lawn. And in the autumn the leaves of plants in the soil-covering lawn become brown. Arranging such lawns it is very important to uproot all the weeds because in the future using herbicides you run the risk to do harm the plants, which form the soil-covering lawn. Though it is possible to sow the lawn with camomile and thyme, you will have to plant out seedlings of the other plants for such lawns. But the strong point of the soil-covering lawn is the fact that you need not to mow it. The care just includes removing inflorescences that have stopped blooming.

A soil-covering lawn can be also formed from soil-covering shrubs such as juniper, cornel, heather and others. The choice of those plants is enormous. They can be planted in the areas where nobody walks. They can cover densely the places of the garden where the grass grows poorly or where it is difficult to mow the grass, for example under the trees or in the slopes. Only the young plants need proper care. Then being rooted they will need weeding and trimming from time to time.