2 курс. Группа 1809 Урок 26

1. Выучите лексические единицы.

2. Переведите предложения на русский язык, используя терминологию упражнения 1.

1. During the inlet (intake) stroke the inlet valve opens and a charge of fuel (mixture) flows into the cylinder.

2. During the compression stroke the inlet valve is closed and the fuel is compressed by the rising piston.

3. During the power stroke both valves are closed, pressure rises in the combustion chamber, and the spark ignites the mixture.

4. During the exhaust stroke the exhaust valve is opened, pressure is released and the residual gases flow into the atmosphere through the exhaust valve.

3. Прочитайте и переведите текст.

Principle of Operation of the Four-Stroke Petrol Engine

The internal combustion engine is called so because fuel is burned directly inside the engine itself. Most automobile engines work on a 4-stroke cycle. A cycle is one complete sequence of 4 strokes of the piston in the cylinder. The operating cycle of the four-stroke petrol engine includes: inlet stroke (intake valve opens), compression stroke (both valves closed), power stroke (both valves closed), exhaust stroke (exhaust valve is opened).

To describe the complete cycle, let's assume that the piston is at the top of the stroke (top dead center) and the inlet and the exhaust valves are closed. When the piston moves down the inlet valve opens to intake a charge of fuel into the cylinder. This is called the inlet (intake) stroke. On reaching the lowest position (bottom dead center) the pis­ton begins to move upward into the closed upper part on the cylinder, (he inlet valve is closed and the mixture is compressed by the rising piston. This is called the compression stroke. As the piston again reaches the top dead center the spark plugs ignite the mixture, both valves be­ing closed during its combustion. As a result of burning mixtures the both valves be­ing closed during its combustion. As a result of burning mixtures the gases expand and great pressure makes the piston move back down the cylinder. This stroke is called the power stroke. When the piston reaches the bottom of its stroke, the exhaust valve is opened, pressure is re­leased, and the piston again rises. It lets the burnt gas flow through the exhaust valve into the atmosphere. This is called the exhaust stroke which completes the cycle. So the piston moves in the cylinder down (intake stroke), up (compression stroke), down (power stroke), up (ex­haust stroke).

The heat released by the fuel is transformed into work so that the reciprocating movement of the pistons is converted into rotary move­ment of a crankshaft by means of connecting rods.

4. Запишите такты двигателя и подберите картинку с соответствующим тактом. Запишите ее номер рядом с названием такта (Например, inlet stroke – 5)

5. Просмотрите видео Времена группы Perfect и выполните упражнения.

5.1 Поставьте глаголы в скобках в Present Perfect.

1.He _____ (finish) training. 2. She _____ (score) twenty points in the match. 3. We _____ (watch) all the Champions League matches this season. 4. That's amazing! She _____ (run)  fifteen kilometers this morning! 5. She _____  (buy)  some really nice rollerblades!

5.2 Вставьте глаголы в Past Perfect

1.I ... (to have) breakfast before I went to school. 2. He went to meet his friends after he ... (to do) his homework. 3. By 8 o’clock the rain ... (to stop). 4. Alice was late because she ... (to miss) the bus. 5. She went to the post-office after she ... (to write) the letter.

5.3 Вставьте глагол во времени Future Perfect.

1.I ________ a Londoner for five and a half years by next September. (be) 2. By Tuesday Jill ________ these novels by O’Henry. (finish) 3. Next year is Fred and Kate’s 10th wedding anniversary. They _________ happily married for ten years. (be) 4. Molly thinks the film _________ by the time she gets to Fred’s. (to start) 5. They _________ the plans by then. (to finish)