Animals животные.

Animals

domestic

pig

wild

pets

elephant

sheep

cow

fish

wolf

horse

lion

dog

cat

fox

turkey

tortoise

zebra

cock

porrot

rabbit

chicken

guinea pig

tiger

Pig

A  pig  is any of the animals in the  genus   Sus , within the  even-toed ungulate   family   Suidae . Pigs include the  domestic pig  and its ancestor, the common Eurasian  wild boar  ( Sus scrofa ), along with other species. Related creatures outside the genus include the  peccary , the  babirusa , and the  warthog . Pigs, like all  suids , are native to the  Eurasian and African continents . Juvenile pigs are known as piglets. Pigs are highly social and intelligent animals. With around 1 billion individuals alive at any time, the  domestic pig  is among the most populous large mammals in the world. Pigs are  omnivores  and can consume a wide range of food.Biologically, pigs are very similar to humans, thus are  frequently used for human medical research .

Sheep

The  sheep is a  quadrupedal ,  ruminant   mammal  typically kept as  livestock . Like all ruminants, sheep are members of the order Artiodactyla, the  even-toed ungulates . Although the name "sheep" applies to many species in the genus  Ovis , in everyday u sage it almost always refers to  Ovis aries . Numbering a little over one billion, domestic sheep are also the most numerous species of sheep. An adult female sheep is referred to as a  ewe  , an intact male as a  ram  or occasionally a  tup , a  castrated  male as a  wether , and a younger sheep as a  lamb . Sheep are most likely descended from the wild  mouflon  of Europe and Asia. One of the earliest animals to be domesticated for  agricultural  purposes, sheep are raised for  fleece , meat (lamb, hogget or mutton) and  milk . A sheep's  wool  is the most widely used animal fiber, and is usually harvested by  shearing .  Ovine  meat is called  lamb  when from younger animals and  mutton  when from older ones. Sheep continue to be important for wool and meat today, and are also occasionally raised for  pelts , as  dairy  animals, or as  model organisms  for science. Sheep husbandry  is practised throughout the majority of the inhabited world, and has been fundamental to many civilizations. In the modern era,  Australia ,  New Zealand , the southern and central  South American  nations, and the  British Isles  are most closely associated with sheep production. Sheepraising has a large  lexicon of unique terms  which vary considerably by region and  dialect . Use of the word  sheep  began in  Middle English  as a derivation of the  Old English  word  scēap ; it is both the singular and plural name for the animal. A group of sheep is called a flock,  herd  or mob. Many other specific terms for the various life stages of sheep exist, generally related to lambing, shearing, and age. Being a key animal in the history of farming, sheep have a deeply entrenched place in human culture, and find representation in much modern language and  symbology . As livestock, sheep are most often associated with  pastoral ,  Arcadian  imagery. Sheep figure in many  mythologies —such as the  Golden Fleece —and major religions, especially the  Abrahamic  traditions. In both ancient and modern religious ritual, sheep are used as  sacrificial animals .

Cow

Cattle —colloquially  cow are the most common type of large  domesticated   ungulates . They are a prominent modern member of the  subfamily   Bovinae , are the most widespread species of the  genus   Bos , and are most commonly classified collectively as  Bos taurus . Cattle are commonly raised as  livestock  for meat ( beef  and  veal ), as  dairy animals  for milk and other  dairy products , and as draft animals ( oxen  or  bullocks  that pull  carts ,  plows  and other implements). Other products include  leather  and  dung  for  manure  or  fuel . In some regions, such as parts of India,  cattle have significant religious meaning . Around 10,500 years ago, cattle were domesticated from as few as 80 progenitors in southeast Turkey. According to an estimate from 2011, there are 1.4 billion cattle in the world. In 2009, cattle became one of the first livestock animals to have a fully mapped  genome . Some consider cattle the oldest form of wealth, and  cattle raiding  consequently one of the earliest forms of theft.

Horse

The  horse  ( Equus ferus caballus ) is one of two  extant   subspecies  of  Equus ferus . It is an  odd-toed ungulate   mammal  belonging to the taxonomic family  Equidae . The horse has  evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature,  Eohippus , into the large, single-toed animal of today. Humans began to  domesticate  horses around 4000 BC, and their  domestication  is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BC. Horses in the subspecies  caballus  are domesticated, although some domesticated populations live in the wild as  feral horses . These feral populations are not true  wild horses , as this term is used to describe horses that have never been domesticated, such as the endangered  Przewalski's horse , a separate subspecies, and the only remaining true  wild horse . There is an extensive, specialized vocabulary used to describe equine-related concepts, covering everything from  anatomy  to life stages, size,  colors ,  markings ,  breeds ,  locomotion , and behavior.

Turkey

The  turkey  is a large  bird  in the  genus   Meleagris , which is native to the Americas. Males of both turkey species have a distinctive fleshy  wattle  or protuberance that hangs from the top of the beak (called a  snood ). They are among the largest  birds  in their ranges. As in many  galliformes , the male is larger and much more colorful than the female.

Cock

chicken

The  chicken  ( Gallus gallus domesticus ) is a type of  domesticated   fowl , a subspecies of the  red junglefowl . It is one of the most common and widespread  domestic animals , with a total population of more than 19 billion as of 2011. Humans commonly keep chickens as a source of food (consuming both  their meat  and  eggs ) and, more rarely, as  pets . Genetic studies have pointed to multiple maternal origins in Southeast Asia, East Asia, and South Asia, but with the  clade  found in the Americas, Europe, the Middle East and Africa originating in the  Indian subcontinent . From India, the domesticated chicken was imported to  Lydia  in western  Asia Minor , and to Greece by the fifth century BC. Fowl had been known in Egypt since the mid-15th century BC, with the "bird that gives birth every day" having come to Egypt from the land between  Syria  and  Shinar ,  Babylonia , according to the  annals of Thutmose III .

Elephant

Elephants  are large mammals of the family  Elephantidae  and the order  Proboscidea . Three species are currently recognized: the  African bush elephant  ( Loxodonta africana ), the  African forest elephant  ( L. cyclotis ), and the  Asian elephant  ( Elephas maximus ). Elephants are scattered throughout  sub-Saharan Africa ,  South Asia , and  Southeast Asia . Elephantidae is the only surviving family of the order Proboscidea; other, now extinct, members of the order include  deinotheres ,  gomphotheres ,  mammoths , and  mastodons .

Wolf

The  gray wolf  ( Canis lupus ),also known as the  timber wolf  or  western wolf ,is a  canine  native to the wilderness and remote areas of  Eurasia  and  North America . It is the largest  extant  member of its family, with males averaging 43–45 kg (95–99 lb) and females 36–38.5 kg (79–85 lb). Like the  red wolf , it is distinguished from other  Canis  species by its larger size and less pointed features, particularly on the ears and muzzle. Its winter fur is long and bushy and predominantly a mottled gray in color, although nearly pure white, red, and brown to black also occur. [4]   Mammal Species of the World  (3rd ed., 2005), a standard reference work in zoology, recognises 38  subspecies  of  C. lupus ..Gray wolfs are pack hunters.

Lion

The  lion  ( Panthera leo ) is a  species  in the family  Felidae  and a member of the  genus   Panthera . It is considered to be the second-largest living cat species after the  tiger . It has pronounced  sexual dimorphism ; males are larger than females and have prominent manes. The mane of the male lion is the most recognisable feature of the species. Once widepsread throughout North America, Eurasia and Africa, lions currently inhabit scattered populations in  Sub-Saharan Africa  and one population in western India. It has been listed as  Vulnerable  on the  IUCN Red List  since 1996, as populations in  African  range countries declined by about 43% since the early 1990s. Lion populations are untenable outside designated  protected areas . Although the cause of the decline is not fully understood,  habitat loss  and conflicts with humans are the greatest causes of concern. The  Asiatic lion  and the  West African lion are listed as  Endangered  and  Critically Endangered  respectively.

Fox

Foxes  are small-to-medium-sized,  omnivorous   mammals  belonging to several  genera  of the family  Canidae . Foxes have a flattened skull, upright triangular ears, a pointed, slightly upturned  snout , and a long bushy  tail  (or  brush ). Twelve  species  belong to the  monophyletic  group of  Vulpes  genus of "true foxes". Approximately another 25 current or  extinct  species are always or sometimes called foxes; these foxes are either part of the  paraphyletic  group of the South American foxes, or of the outlying group, which consists of bat-eared fox, gray fox, and island fox. [1]  Foxes live on every continent except Antarctica. By far the most common and widespread species of fox is the  red fox  ( Vulpes vulpes ) with about 47 recognized  subspecies . [2]  The global distribution of foxes, together with their widespread reputation for cunning, has contributed to their prominence in  popular culture  and  folklore  in many societies around the world. The hunting of foxes with packs of hounds, long an established pursuit in Europe, especially in the  British Isles , was exported by European settlers to various parts of the  New World .

Zebra

Zebras ]  are several species of  African   equids  (horse family) united by their distinctive black and white striped coats. Their stripes come in different patterns, unique to each individual. They are generally social animals that live in small  harems  to large  herds . Unlike their closest relatives,  horses  and  donkeys , zebras have never been truly  domesticated . There are three species of zebras: the  plains zebra , the  mountain zebra  and the  Grévy's zebra . The plains zebra and the mountain zebra belong to the subgenus  Hippotigris , but Grévy's zebra is the sole species of subgenus  Dolichohippus . The latter resembles an  ass , to which zebras are closely related, while the former two look more horse-like. All three belong to the genus  Equus , along with other living equids. The unique stripes of zebras make them one of the animals most familiar to people. They occur in a variety of habitats, such as  grasslands ,  savannas ,  woodlands , thorny  scrublands ,  mountains , and coastal  hills . However, various anthropogenic factors have had a severe impact on zebra populations, in particular hunting for skins and habitat destruction. Grévy's zebra and the mountain zebra are endangered. While plains zebras are much more plentiful, one subspecies, the  quagga , became extinct in the late 19th century – though there is currently a plan, called the  Quagga Project , that aims to breed zebras that are phenotypically similar to the quagga in a process called  breeding back .

Rabbit

Rabbits  are small  mammals  in the  family   Leporidae  of the  order   Lagomorpha , found in several parts of the world. Rabbits, especially  domestic breeds , may informally be called  bunnies . There are eight different  genera  in the family  classified  as rabbits, including the  European rabbit  ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ),  cottontail rabbits  (genus  Sylvilagus ; 13  species ), and the  Amami rabbit  ( Pentalagus furnessi , an  endangered species  on  Amami Ōshima ,  Japan ). There are many other species of rabbit and these, along with  pikas  and  hares , make up the  order Lagomorpha.

Tiger

The  tiger  ( Panthera tigris ) is the largest  cat   species , most recognizable for their pattern of dark vertical stripes on reddish-orange fur with a lighter underside. The species is classified in the genus  Panthera  with the  lion ,  leopard ,  jaguar , and  snow leopard . Tigers are  apex predators , primarily preying on  ungulates  such as  deer  and  bovids . They are territorial and generally  solitary but social  animals, often requiring large contiguous areas of  habitat  that support their prey requirements. This, coupled with the fact that they are indigenous to some of the more densely populated places on Earth, has caused significant  conflicts with humans .

Fish

Fish  are the  gill -bearing  aquatic   craniate  animals that lack  limbs  with  digits . They form a sister group to the  tunicates , together forming the  olfactores . Included in this definition are the living  hagfish ,  lampreys , and  cartilaginous  and  bony fish  as well as various extinct related groups.  Tetrapods  emerged within  lobe-finned fishes , so  cladistically  they are fish as well. However, traditionally fish are rendered  paraphyletic  by excluding the tetrapods (i.e., the  amphibians ,  reptiles ,  birds  and  mammals  which all descended from within the same ancestry). Because in this manner the term "fish" is defined negatively as a paraphyletic group, it is not considered a formal taxonomic grouping in  systematic biology . The traditional term  pisces  (also  ichthyes ) is considered a  typological , but not a  phylogenetic  classification.

Dog

he  domestic dog  ( Canis lupus familiaris  or  Canis familiaris ) is a member of the genus  Canis  (canines), which forms part of the  wolf-like canids  and is the most widely abundant terrestrial  carnivore . [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]  The dog and the  extant   gray wolf  are  sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first  domesticated , which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is  extinct . The dog was the first  species  to be domesticated and has been  selectively bred  over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.

Cat

The  domestic cat [1] [5]  ( Felis silvestris catus  or  Felis catus ) is a small, typically  furry ,  carnivorous   mammal . They are often called  house cats [6]  when kept as indoor  pets  or simply  cats when there is no need to distinguish them from other  felids  and  felines . They are often valued by humans for companionship and for their ability to hunt  vermin . There are more than seventy  cat breeds  recognized by various  cat registries .

Tortoise

Tortoises   are a family,  Testudinidae , of land-dwelling reptiles in the order  Testudines . Tortoises are shielded from  predators  by a shell. The top part of the shell is the  carapace , the underside is the  plastron , and the two are connected by the bridge. The carapace is fused to both the vertebrae and ribcage, and tortoises are unique among  vertebrates  in that the  pectoral and  pelvic girdles  are inside the ribcage rather than outside. Tortoises can vary in size from a few centimeters to two meters. They are usually  diurnal  animals with tendencies to be  crepuscular depending on the ambient temperatures. They are generally  reclusive  animals. Tortoises are the longest living land animal in the world, although the longest living species of tortoise is a matter of debate.  Galápagos tortoises  are noted to live over 150 years, but an  Aldabra giant tortoise  named Adwaita may have been the longest living at an estimated 255 years.

Porrot

Parrots , also known as  psittacines   are  birds  of the roughly 393  species  in 92  genera  that make up the  order   Psittaciformes , found in most  tropical  and  subtropical  regions. The order is subdivided into three superfamilies: the  Psittacoidea , the  Cacatuoidea  , and the  Strigopoidea   . Parrots have a generally  pantropical  distribution with several species inhabiting  temperate  regions in the  Southern Hemisphere , as well. The greatest  diversity  of parrots is in  South America  and  Australasia . Characteristic features of parrots include a strong, curved  bill , an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed  zygodactyl  feet. Many parrots are vividly coloured, and some are multi-coloured. Most parrots exhibit little or no  sexual dimorphism  in the visual spectrum. They form the most variably sized bird order in terms of length. The most important components of most parrots' diets are seeds, nuts, fruit, buds, and other plant material. A few species sometimes eat animals and  carrion , while the  lories and lorikeets  are specialised for feeding on  floral   nectar  and soft fruits. Almost all parrots nest in  tree hollows  (or  nest boxes  in captivity), and lay white  eggs  from which hatch  altricial  (helpless) young. Parrots, along with  ravens, crows, jays, and magpies , are among the most intelligent birds, and the ability of some species to  imitate human voices  enhances their popularity as  pets .  Trapping  wild parrots for the  pet trade , as well as  hunting ,  habitat loss , and  competition  from  invasive species , has diminished wild populations, with parrots being subjected to more exploitation than any other group of birds. Measures taken to conserve the habitats of some high-profile  charismatic species  have also protected many of the less charismatic species living in the same  ecosystems .

guinea pig

he  guinea pig  or  domestic guinea pig  ( Cavia porcellus ), also known as  domestic cavy  or simply  cavy , is a species of  rodent  belonging to the family  Caviidae  and the genus  Cavia . Despite their  common name , these animals are not in the pig family  Suidae , nor do they come from  Guinea  in Africa; they originated in the  Andes  of South America and studies based on  biochemistry and  hybridization  suggest they are  domestic , not wild, descendants of a closely related species of cavy such as  C. tschudii .

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