Чтение гласных в английском языке

Reading English vowels.

/Interactive rules and exercises/

Чтение английских гласных

/ Интерактивные правила и упражнения /

Прежде чем начать изучать правила чтения английских гласных запомните несколько «секретов»: 1. Все английские гласные в открытом слоге читаются так, как называются в алфавите. 2. В английском языке много исключений, которые не поддаются правилам. Их надо запоминать. 3. В безударном положении почти все гласные и сочетания гласных читаются как [ ə ] или [ı] .

Aa

[ei]

Ii [ai]

Ee [i:]

Uu [ju:]

Oo [ ə u]

Yy [wai]

I. Reading the letter Aa.

• в открытом слоге: take, make, game, place, name, favourite

( искл.: have, national )

- в буковосочетаниях ay, ai : play, wait, rain, May, day, maybe

• в закрытом слоге: hat, map, cat, cap, valley, capital, can, land

( искл.: ancient )

[ei]

[æ]

I. Reading the letter Aa.

- в буквосочетаниях are , air :

fair, rare, prepare, airport, dare,

share, spare, repair ( искл .: are )

- в буквосочетании ar : market, far, dark, part, start, clark

• в закрытом слоге перед - ss,-st,-sp,-sk,-nc,-nt,-th,-ft,-ff:

craft, castle, dance, last, past, ask, fast, chance, giraffe, bath, can’t

[e ə ]

[ a : ]

I. Reading the letter Aa.

[o]

• в закрытом слоге после буквы w (wh): swan, what, want, was, watch, swallow
• в буквосочетаниях au , aw : law, august, draw, crawl, fault, author

( искл. : aunt )

• перед l+ согл. : tall, walk, false,

football, call, fall, also, always

[o:]

• Reading the letter Aa. Match the words and the sounds, read the words and check yourself.

[o:]

[ei]

[æ]

[eə]

[ α :]

[o]

b a by

K a te

l a ke

[ei]

[eə]

[ α :]

[o:]

[o]

[æ]

D a d

p a rrot

b a t

[o]

[ei]

[eə]

[ α :]

[æ]

[o:]

p ar ty

c ar

g ar den

c ar

[ei]

[æ]

[eə]

[ α :]

[o:]

[o]

b a ll

t a lk

dr aw

[ei]

[æ]

[eə]

[ α :]

[o:]

[o]

s ai lor

r ai lw ay

f a ce

[ei]

[æ]

[eə]

[ α :]

[o:]

[o]

sw a n

sw a llow

w a ter

[ei]

[eə]

[ α :]

[o:]

[o]

[æ]

cl a ss

m a sk

b a sket

[ei]

[eə]

[ α :]

[o:]

[o]

[æ]

p are nts

h air

ch air

[ei]

[æ]

[eə]

[ α :]

[o:]

[o]

s a lt

au tumn

ch a lk

[ei]

[eə]

[ α :]

[o]

[æ]

[o:]

gir a ffe

pl a nt

b a th

[ei]

[eə]

[ α :]

[o:]

[o]

[æ]

h are

st air s

p air

II. Reading the letter Ee.

• в открытом слоге: he, metre,

me, we, eve

( искл.: lemon, metal и др.)

- в буковосочетании ee, ea : tree, meet, see, deep, feet, geese, queen

• в буковосочетании ea : tea, read, teacher, bean, please, speak

( искл.: break, sweat и др. )

[i:]

II. Reading the letter Ee.

• в закрытом слоге: ten, hen, text, pencil, merry, get, red, next, wet

- в буковосочетании ea перед d, th, lth : ready, healthy, dead, instead, weather, leather

• в буковосочетаниях eri, ear, eer : serious, hear, cheer, beer,

near, serial, appear, clear

( искл.: bear, wear и др. )

[e]

[i ə ]

II. Reading the letter Ee.

• в сочетании er +c огл . : German, prefer, term, verb, her, person

- в сочетании ear +c огл : learn, search, Earth, early, earn

• в буковосочетаниях ei, ey под ударением : they, grey, eight
• в буковосочетаниях ei, ey без

ударения : monkey, foreign

[ ə: ]

[ei]

[ı]

II. Reading the letter Ee.

• в сочетании ew : sew, few, new, chew, review, point of view

• в конце слова, если есть другая гласная : nice, like, give, change, take, place, save, programme

[ju:]

[-]

II. Reading the letter Ee. Match the words and the sounds, read the words and check yourself.

[i:]

[e]

[ə:]

[ ı ə ]

[ju:]

P e ter

sh e

coff ee

[i:]

[e]

[ə:]

[ju:]

[ ı ə ]

p e n

ch e ss

l e tter

[i:]

[e]

[ə:]

[ju:]

[ ı ə ]

m ea t

s ea l

ch ee se

[i:]

[e]

[ə:]

[ju:]

[ ı ə ]

h ea d

w ea lth

br ea d

[i:]

[e]

[ə:]

[ju:]

[ ı ə ]

p er fume

p er fect

p ear l

[i:]

[e]

[ə:]

[ju:]

[ ı ə ]

d eer

ear

t ear s

[i:]

[e]

[ə:]

[ju:]

[ ı ə ]

n ew spaper

intervi ew

neph ew

III. Reading the letter Uu.

• в открытом слоге: user, usually, student, suit, excuse, duty, tulip

( искл.: sugar, study и др.)

• в открытом слоге после r, l, j : fruit, rule, true, cruise, June, include, fluid

[ju:]

[u:]

III. Reading the letter Uu.

• в закрытом слоге: must, jump, supper, just, run, number, Sunday

( искл.: put, pudding, butcher,

truth и др.)

• в закрытом слоге после b, f, p и перед sh, ll : push, pull,

full, bully

[ Λ ]

[u]

III. Reading the letter Uu.

• в буквосочетании ur : turtle, disturb, turn, purpose, Thursday,

burn, nurse, furniture

• в буквосочетании ur+ согл: pure, during, curious, fury, demure

( искл.: sure )

• в буквосочетании qu в начале и

середине слова : quite, quick,

quality, quarter, quest

[ ə: ]

[ju ə ]

[w]

III. Reading the letter Uu. Match the words and the sounds, read the words and check yourself.

[ju:]

[ju ə :]

[ υ ]

[w]

[u:]

[ Λ ]

[ə:]

m u sic

comp u ter

p u pil

[ju:]

[ υ ]

[ Λ ]

[ə:]

[ju ə :]

[w]

[u:]

b u ll

b u sh

b u llet

[ju:]

[ υ ]

[ Λ ]

[ə:]

[ju ə :]

[w]

[u:]

j u ice

bl u e

fl u te

[ju:]

[ υ ]

[ Λ ]

[ə:]

[ju ə :]

[w]

[u:]

s u n

pl u m

dr u m

[ju:]

[ υ ]

[ Λ ]

[ə:]

[ju ə :]

[w]

[u:]

p ur ple

t ur key

f ur coat

[ju:]

[u:]

[ υ ]

[ Λ ]

[ə:]

[ju ə :]

[w]

sec uri ty

c ure

[ju:]

[u:]

[ υ ]

[ Λ ]

[ə:]

[ju ə :]

[w]

q u een

sq u are

q u estion

IV. Reading the letter Oo.

• в открытом слоге: no, open, home, ago, smoke, cola, so, go, moment

( очень много исключений!)

• в буквосочетании oa : foam, boat, coat, goat, goal, loader

( искл.: broad, abroad )

- перед ld: old , cold, hold,

told, bold

[ ə u]

IV. Reading the letter Oo.

• в буквосочетании ow под ударением (часто): slow, show, row, below, know

- в буквосочетании ow без ударения (всегда): sorrow, borrow, tomorrow, Moscow, yellow, shadow, pillow, follow

• в конце слова без ударения :

hero, potato, tobacco, also

[ ə u]

IV. Reading the letter Oo.

[ o ]

• в закрытом слоге: not, sorry, hot, frost, song, dog, foggy, stop

( искл.: most и др.)

- в закрытом слоге перед n,m,th (часто): London, among, Monday, comfortable, other, nothing

[ Λ ]

IV. Reading the letter Oo.

• в буквосочетании or : fork, sort, form, short, for, born, story, storm, stork

- в буквосочетании oo : wood, too, zoo, cool, school, spoon, room, soon, food ( искл.: good )

• в буквосочетании oo перед k :

look, hook, cook, rook

[ o: ]

[u:]

[u]

IV. Reading the letter Oo.

• в буквосочетаниях ou, ow под ударением: mouse, proud, found, count, pound, round, trousers, down, drown, allow

( искл.: could, should и др.)

- в буквосочетаниях our, ower:

flower, hour, flour, our,

shower, tower

[au]

[au ə ]

III. Reading the letter Oo. Match the words and the sounds, read the words and check yourself.

[ υ /u:]

[o:]

[o]

[au]

[əu]

[ Λ ]

r oa d

st o ne

n o se

[au]

[o]

[ υ /u:]

[ Λ ]

[əu]

[o:]

d o ll

d o ctor

fr o g

[au]

[o]

[ υ /u:]

[ Λ ]

[əu]

[o:]

g o ld

s oa p

s o ldier

[au]

[o]

[ υ /u:]

[ Λ ]

[əu]

[o:]

h or se

sh or ts

sp or t

[au]

[o]

[ υ /u:]

[ Λ ]

[əu]

[o:]

t o ngue

m o ther

m o nkey

[au]

[o]

[ υ /u:]

[ Λ ]

[əu]

[o:]

tomat o

wind ow

zer o

[au]

[o]

[ υ /u:]

[ Λ ]

[əu]

[o:]

m oo n

b oo k

p oo l

[au]

[o]

[ υ /u:]

[ Λ ]

[əu]

[o:]

cl ou d

c ow

h ou se

V. Reading the letter Ii.

• в открытом слоге: fine, I, like, nice, five, price, tiny, drive

( искл.: live, city и др. )

- в буквосочетании ie в конце слова : lie, die, tie, skies, cries

• в закрытом слоге перед ld,nd, gh,gn : kind, find, light, sigh, sign,

wild, high, night

[ai]

V. Reading the letter Ii.

• в закрытом слоге: big, little, thick, thin, since, lip, ring, sing, pin

( искл.: climb )

- в буквосочетании ir : birthday, fir-tree, third, shirt, dirty, first, circle

[ı]

[ ə: ]

V. Reading the letter Ii.

• в буквосочетаниях ire, iar, ier : firework, wire, tired, desire, admire, irony, liar

- в буквосочетании ie в середине слова : niece, brief, believe, thief, shield, priest, achieve

( искл.: friend )

[ai ə ]

[i : ]

III. Reading the letter Ii. Match the words and the sounds, read the words and check yourself.

[i:]

[aiə]

[ə:]

[ai]

[ ı ]

t i me

i ceberg

ch i ld

[ai]

[i:]

[ ı ]

[aiə]

[ə:]

l i ght

p ie

n i ne

[ai]

[i:]

[ ı ]

[aiə]

[ə:]

p i g

f i lm

m i rror

[ai]

[i:]

[ ı ]

[aiə]

[ə:]

g ir l

b ir d

sk ir t

[ai]

[i:]

[ ı ]

[aiə]

[ə:]

d iar y

p ira te

f ire

[ai]

[i:]

[ ı ]

[aiə]

[ə:]

ch ie f

f ie ld

p ie ce

VI. Reading the letter Yy.

• в открытом слоге: why, buy,

try, rhyme, style, reply, type

• в буквосочетании ye в конце слова : dye, lye, bye, rye
• в закрытом слоге: lyric, myth, symphony, mystery, system
• в конце слова без ударения :

lucky, rainy, sunny, merry,

history, twenty, lady, ready,

policy, sorry

[ai]

[ı]

VI. Reading the letter Yy.

• в начале слова перед гласной:

you, young, yesterday, yet, yes, year, yummy, yacht

• в составе буквосочетаний ay, oy :

play, way, maybe, boy, toy,

enjoy, day, May, say

[j]

[i]

VI. Reading the letter Yy. Match the words and the sounds, read the words and check yourself.

[j]

[ai]

[ ı ]

good-b y e

sk y

cr y

[ai]

[ ı ]

[j]

l y nx

s y mbol

g y m

[ai]

[ ı ]

[j]

pon y

cit y

snow y

[ai]

[ ı ]

[j]

y ogurt

y ellow

y ard