Детали и механизмы

Детали, механизмы

Machine-tools

Vocabulary

machine-tools — станки

electrically driven — с электроприводом

shape — форма

workpiece — деталь

accurate — точный

development — развитие

to allow — позволять, разрешать

interchangeable — взаимозаменяемый

facility — приспособление

relative —относительный

amount — количество

fluid — жидкость

to lubricate — смазывать

spark erosion — электроискровая обработка

discharge — разряд

by means of — посредством

beam — луч

drilling — сверление

flexible — гибкий

range — ассортимент, диапазон

1.Прочитайте текст

Machine-tools are used to shape metals and other materials. The material to be shaped is called the workpiece. Most machine-tools are now electrically driven. Machine-tools with electrical drive are faster and more accurate than hand tools: they were an important element in the development of mass-production processes, as they allowed individual parts to be made in large numbers so as to be interchangeable.

All machine-tools have facilities for holding both the workpiece and the tool, and for accurately controlling the movement of the cutting tool relative to the workpiece. Most machining operations generate large amounts of heat, and use cooling fluids (usually a mixture of water and oils) for cooling and lubrication.

Machine-tools usually work materials mechanically but other machining methods have been developed lately. They include chemical machining, spark erosion to machine very hard materials to any shape by means of a continuous high-voltage spark (discharge) between an electrode and a workpiece. Other machining methods include drilling using ultrasound, and cutting by means of a laser beam. Numerical control of machine-tools and flexible manufacturing systems have made it possible for complete systems of machine-tools to be used flexibly for the manufacture of a range of products.

2. Соотнесите слова с их русскими эквивалентами

3. Переведите предложения:

1. The purpose of machine creation is to increase the productivity.

2. It is possible to classify all machines into several groups.

3. The machines are means of production which use the forces of nature to facilitate work.

4. It seems to be convenient to divide all problems of mechanisms’ analysis into two parts.

5. Mechanisms are widely used in all branches of modern technology.

6. The machine is a device intended for transmission of energy, materials and information.

7. The working machines are subdivided into transport and technological ones.

8. The mechanisms which are included in the structure of a machine can incorporate firm, liquid, gaseous bodies.

9. All problems of the theory of mechanisms can be divided into two groups.