First Aid for people

First Aid

Basic First Aid

Securing the Scene

Before performing any First Aid,

Check for:

• Electrical hazards
• Chemical hazards
• Noxious & Toxic gases
• Ground hazards
• Fire
• Unstable equipment

Universal Precautions for Airborne & Bloodborn Pathogens

HIV & Hepatitis

Gloves & Respiratory Barrier devise are a must to prevent transmission of diseases

Tuberculosis

Fundamentals of First Aid

Activate EMS System

“ Call Out or 911”

1. ABC (airway-breathing-circulation)

2. Control bleeding

3. Treat for Shock (medical emergencies)

4. Open wounds & Burns

5. Fractures & Dislocations

6. Transportation

Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation

Control of Bleeding

Elevation

Direct

Pressure

Cold Applications

Pressure bandage

Sources for Consideration

Spurting

Artery

Steady flow

Veins

Oozing

Capillary

Internal Injuries

Pressure Points

Where the artery

passes over a bone close to the skin

Temporal

Facial

Carotid

Sub-clavian

Brachial

Radial

Ulnar

Femoral

Popliteal

Pedal

Tourniquet

Absolute last resort in controlling bleeding. Remember

Life over limb

Once a tourniquet is applied, it is not to be removed , only by a doctor

Shock

Shock affects all major functions of the body

loss of blood flow to the tissues and organs

Shock must be treated in all accident cases

Treatment for Shock

Lie victim down if possible

-Face is pale-raise the tail

-Face is red-raise the head

Loosen tight clothing

Keep victim warm and dry

Do not give anything by mouth

Transport!

Thermal burns

Cold application

Remove constricting clothing

Dry sterile dressing

Treat for shock

TRANSPORT!

Severe Burns

Send for medical attention.

Cool the burn area with water for 10 to 20minutes.

Lay the casualty down and make him as comfortable as possible, protecting burn area from ground contact.

Gently remove any rings, watches, belts or constricting clothing from the injured area before it begins to swell.

Cover the injured area loosely with sterile unmedicated dressing or similar non fluffy material and bandage.

Severe Burns

Don't remove anything that is sticking to the burn.

Don't apply lotions, ointments, butter or fat to the injury.

Don't break blisters or otherwise interfere with the injured area.

Don't over-cool the patient and cause shivering.

If breathing and heartbeat stop, begin resuscitation immediately,

If casualty is unconscious but breathing normally, place in the recovery position.

Treat for shock.

Fractures & Dislocations

Don’t align a break - Unless equipped and trained - treat as found

Must treat for bleeding first

Do not push bones back into place

Splints

Can be formed to shape of deformity

Must be a straight line break

Be careful of temperature or elevation change

Neck & Spinal Injuries

CARE AND TREATMENT

ABC's

extreme care in initial examination — minimal movement

urgent ambulance transport

apply cervical collar or support

treat for shock

treat any other injuries

maintain body heat

if movement required, 'log roll' and use assistants

always maintain head alignment with the spine

Lifting Techniques

Two person carry

Lift & roll or log roll

4 person straddle

Questions/Comments?