From history of computers

From history of computers

By Karmanova Nina Nikolaevna

Do you know….?

3000 years BC — in Ancient Babylon there was invented first   счёты  —  абак (abacus).

190 years BC - the first mention of more "modern" version of the abacus with bones on the straws that appeared in China is the суанапань (xuanpan).

2 century BC — in Greece was invented  « антикитерский механизм » —a mechanical device based on the gears, which is specialized astronomical computer.

XVI century — in Russia the abacus was invented which had 10 wooden balls on a wire.

1623 year-  Вильгельм Шиккард, профессор университета Тюбингена, develops a gear-based device « считающие часы » for addition and subtraction of six-digit decimal numbers.

1642 year -Blaise Pascal presented « Паскалину » (Pascaline), the first real—life and well-known mechanical digital computing device.

1673 year -famous German philosopher and mathematician  Готфрид Вильгельм Лейбниц invented  арифмометр (arithmometer), which performed multiplication, division, subtraction, summation.

From the 17th to the 19th century, there were many inventions such as: an arithmetic machine, a punched card, various adding machines, calculating machines.

1927 year —at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Вэниваром Бушем  developed a mechanical   аналоговый компьютер .

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1941 year— Konrad Zuse created the first Z3 computer with all the properties of a modern computer

1942 year —

at the University of Iowa, John Atanasov and his graduate student Clifford Berry created (or rather, developed and began to mount) the first ABC electronic digital computer in the United States.

The end of 1943 - the British special purpose computer was launched   Colossus . The machine was working on deciphering the secret codes of Nazi Germany

1944 year — Konrad Zuse developed an even faster Z4 computer, as well as the first high-level programming language Планкалкюль .

1946 — the first universal electronic digital computer ЭНИАК (ENIAC), developed secretly since 1943, was presented to the public.

December 4, 1948 — The USSR State Committee registered the invention of a digital electronic computer by I.S.Brook and B.I.Rameev under the number 10475.

1950 year — Lebedev's group in Kiev created the first Soviet electronic computer   МЭСМ .

1957 year — the American company NCR created the first transistor-based computer.

1958 year — N.P.Brusentsov and a group of like-minded people built the first троичную ЭВМ   with a positional symmetric   троичной системой счисления  « Сетунь ».

Using for….

Первые компьютеры создавались исключительно для вычислений 

Вторым крупным применением были базы данных. 

Третьим применением было управление всевозможными устройствами. 

Четвёртое. Компьютеры развились настолько, что стали главным информационным инструментом как в офисе, так и дома. 

Пятое. Современные  суперкомпьютеры  используются для  компьютерного моделирования  сложных физических, биологических, метеорологических и других процессов и решения прикладных задач. 

Наиболее сложным и слаборазвитым применением компьютеров является  искусственный интеллект  

Thank you for watching!