Использование английских артиклей

DEFINITE ARTICLE

INDEFINITE ARTICLE

ARTICLES

DEFINITE ARTICLE

WITH PROPER NAMES

ARTICLES WITH

SET-EXPRESSIONS

р

РАБОТУ ПОДГОТОВИЛИ

УЧИТЕЛЯ ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА

Черкасова Е.Н.

2020ГОД

Артикли являются основными определителями имен   существительных. Прежде чем употреблять какое-нибудь существительное, необходимо решить, определенное оно или неопределенное, т.е. надо представить, о каком предмете идет речь: о конкретном или любом.

В английском языке перед существительными почти всегда употребляется артикль.

Артикли   a  и   an   носят название  неопределенного  артикля

(the Indefinite Article)

The  носит название   определенного   артикля

( the Definite Article)

Рассмотрим три случая: когда перед существительным употребляется неопределенный артикль, когда употребляется определенный артикль, и когда артикль перед существительным

не употребляется .

Употребление неопределенного артикля

Неопределенный артикль употребляется с  исчисляемыми существительными в единственном числе. Во множественном числе не употребляется, иногда заменяется неопределенными местоимениями some (несколько) any (любой, всякий).

Существительное с неопределенным артиклем представляет собой название предмета вообще, а не название конкретного предмета. Например 

a student вызывает представление о студенте вообще, то есть об учащемся высшего учебного заведения, но не об определенном лице.

Значение неопределенного артикля можно выразить в русском языке такими словами как  один, один из, какой-то, какой-нибудь, некий, всякий, любой, каждый.

Существует два вида неопределенного артикля:

a — употребляется перед словами, начинающимися с согласной. an — употребляется перед словами, начинающимися с гласной

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Выберите A или AN

1. AN ELEPHANT

8. AN EXAM

8. EXAM

1.ELEPHANT

9. A SCHOOL

2. A UNIVERSITY

9. SCHOOL

2. UNIVERSITY

10. AN ORANGE

3. AN UMBRELLA

3. UMBRELLA

10. ORANGE

11. AN X-RAY

4. A BANANA

4. BANANA

11. X-RAY

12. TICKET

5. HONEST MAN

12. A TICKET

5. AN HONEST MAN

13. HAND

6. ONE-HOUR LESSON

13. A HAND

6. A ONE-HOUR LESSON

14. UNIT

14. A UNIT

7. EUROPEAN COUTRY

7. A EUROPEAN COUTRY

СЛУЧАИ УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ НЕОПРЕДЕЛЕННОГО АРТИКЛЯ

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

• Перед существительными, обозначающими время, количество, цена и т.д.

I bought a kilogram of sugar.

Summer comes once a year.

• Перед словами dozen, hundred, thousand, million

I want a dozen of eggs.

• Перед словами few, little в значении немного

There were a few apples in the tree.

4. После слов many, such, quite, rather с последующим существительным в

единственном числе:

He is such a clever boy.

5. После what в восклицательных предложениях:

What a nice day!

6. После глаголов be и have:

She is a teacher.

7. Перед существительным в приложении:

Pete , a sixth-form pupil, is our best chess player.

8. Часто используется в значении каждый

A child can understand it. ( every child)

9. После прилагательных, перед которыми стоят so и too

It is not so simple a question as it seems.

1. This is ... pen. ... pen is red.

1. This is a pen. The pen is red.

2. These are …pencils. ... pencils are black.

2. These are pencils. The pencils are black.

3. This is ... soup. ... soup is tasty.

3. This is soup. The soup is tasty .

4. In the morning I eat ... sandwich and drink ... tea.

4. In the morning I eat a sandwich and drink tea.

5. She gave me ... coffee and ... cake. ... coffee was hot.

5. She gave me coffee and a cake. The coffee was hot.

... cake was tasty.

The cake was tasty .

6. Do you like ice-cream?

6. Do you like ... ice-cream?

7. I see ... book in your ... hand. Is ... book interesting?

7. I see a book in your hand. Is the book interesting?

8. She bought ... meat, ... butter and ... potatoes yesterday. She also bought … cake. … cake was very tasty. We ate ... cake with ... tea.

8. She bought meat, butter and potatoes yesterday. She also bought a cake. The cake was very tasty. We ate the cake with tea.

9. This is my ... table. On ... table I have ... book, two ... pencils, ... pen and ... paper.

9. This is my table. On the table I have a book, two pencils, a pen and paper.

10. This is ... bag. ... bag is brown. It is my sis­ter's ... bag. And this is my ... bag. It is ... yellow. 

10. This is a bag. The bag is brown. It is my sister's bag. And this is my bag. It is yellow. 

Определенный артикль с именами собственными.

Имена собственные употребляются, как правило, без артиклей: Ann, Moscow, England, Africa.

E.g. London-is the capital of Great Britain .

Это могут быть:

• Имена и фамилии людей:

E.g. I spoke about Tommy.

• Без артиклей употребляются слова, обозначающие ранг, титул, семейные отношения, общественное положение: Aunt Polly, Captain Brown, Mrs White.
• Нет артикля если перед именем собственным стоят слова : young, old, good, poor, little, honest, kind, dear.

E.g. Little John sat down on the bottom step and nodded.

Определенный артикль с именами собственными.

Артикль не употребляется:

• C названиями городов, континентов, стран: Europe, America, Great Britain, Moscow, London.

E.g. I asked him how he liked Paris.

• С названиями отдельных островов, горных вершин, заливов: Cuba, Elbrus, Hudson Bay.

E.g. Kilimanjaro is a snow covered mountain 19 710 feet high.

• С названиями улиц, парков, площадей: Gorki Street, Oxford Street, Central Park.

E.g. He began to walk very rapidly up towards Trafalgar Square.

• С названиями университетов, аэропортов, железнодорожных станций: Moscow State University, London Airport, Victoria Station. S

E.g.he had seen him with Bayliss in Padington Street.

Употребление определенного артикля с именами собственными.

Определенный артикль обычно употребляется:

• С названиями океанов, морей, рек, озер, проливов: the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Baltic Sea, the English Channel, the Volga, the Thames, the Baikal.

E.g. The liner crossed the Atlantic Ocean in seven days.

• С названиями горных цепей, групп островов, пустынь: the Urals, the Pamirs, the Philippines, the British Isles, the Sahara.

E.g. With my father I had seen the Rockies and the Andes.

• С названиями театров, музеев, гостиниц: the Bolshoi Theatre, the Hermitage, the Metropole.

E.g. I thought I’d take a look at the British Museum.

Употребление определенного артикля с именами собственными.

Определенный артикль обычно употребляется:

• С названиями кораблей и названиями большинства английских и американских газет и журналов: the Titanic, the Morning Star, the Times.

E.g. So you’re sailing on the Atlantic, too!

• С названиями государственных учреждений и организаций:

E.g. He sends bills to the Parliament, I suppose.

• С названиями четырех стран света: the North, the South, the East, the West.

E.g. The sun has moved to the West.

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо:

the

---

Atlantic Ocean North America

Philippines Stockholm

Norway Emirates

Andes Indian Ocean

United Kingdom Volga

Baikal South of Spain

Budapest Mediterranean

Suez Canal English Channel

Japan Africa

Venezuela Sweden

British Isles Red Sea

the

---

---

---

the

the

the

the

the

the

the

---

---

the

the

---

---

---

the

the

Найдите в предложениях ошибки и исправьте их:

• Everest was climbed in 1953.

1. Everest was climbed in 1953.

2. Milan is in north of Italy.

3. Last year we visited Canada and United States.

4. Africa is much larger than Europe.

• South of England is warmer than north.

6. We went to Spain for holidays and swam in

Мediterranean.

7. Nile is the longest river in Africa.

8. United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

2. Milan is in the north of Italy.

3. Last year we visited Canada and the United States.

4. Africa is much larger than Europe.

5. The South of England is warmer than the north.

6. We went to Spain for holidays and swam in the Mediterranean

7. The Nile is the longest river in Africa.

8. The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

Переведите на английский язык:

The Cordilleras are situated in North America.

Кордильеры находятся в Северной Америке.

Берега Рейна очень красивы.

The banks of the Rhine are very beautiful.

Last year we were on the bank of the Volga.

В прошлом году мы были на берегу Волги.

Лондон- столица Великобритании.

London is the capital of Great Britain.

My brother came back from the USA.

Мой брат вернулся из США.

В Киеве мы жили в гостинице «Восток».

In Kiev we lived in the hotel “Vostok”.

Эльбрус- очень красивая гора.

Elbrus is a very beautiful mountain.

Средиземное море находится между Европой

The Mediterranean Sea is situated between Europe and Africa.

и Африкой.

Определённый артикль с нарицательными существительными

Определённый артикль the происходит от указательного местоимения this – это.

Определённый артикль the используется как с исчисляемыми, так и с неисчисляемыми существительными, как с единственным, так и со множественным числом.

E.g. The book is interesting. (исчисляемое в единственном числе)

The books are good. (исчисляемое во множественном числе)

The meat is fresh. (неисчисляемое существительное)

Употребление определённого артикля с нарицательными существительными

Артикль The с нарицательными существительными обычно употребляется:

1. Когда ситуация делает предмет определённым.

E.g. Give me the book.

2. Если есть уточняющее определение.

E.g. This is the house that Jack build.

3. Если есть самостоятельные прилагательные, выступающие в роли существительных.

E.g. The rich and the poor live in different districts.

4. С названиями музыкальных инструментов.

E.g. I play the guitar.

5. Со следующими существительными: cathedral, cinema, office, theatre, radio, bank, post office, doctor, dentist, opera

E.g. I like to go to the opera.

Нет артикля с нарицательными существительными

Ни один артикль не используется:

1. Если перед существительным стоит притяжательное местоимение или указательное местоимение.

E.g. Give me my pen.

This is my book.

2. Если существительное стоит перед количественным числительным.

E.g. Open text ten . Open page five .

упражнения

Вставьте артикль The , где необходимо.

1. Nora works as a cleaner at Х hospital.

1. Nora works as a cleaner at … hospital.

2. Every term parents are invited to … school to meet our … teacher.

3. … bread which you have bought is not fresh.

4. Simon prefers to play … piano.

5. This is my … house and that is yours.

6. … charity begins at … home.

7. … curiosity killed … cat.

2. Every term parents are invited to Х school to meet our Х teacher.

3. The bread which you have bought is not fresh.

4. Simon prefers to play the piano.

5. This is my Х house and that is yours.

6. Х Charity begins at Х home.

7. Х Curiosity killed the cat.

Вставьте артикли в пословицах, если необходимо.

1. An apple a day keeps the doctor away.

• … apple … day keeps … doctor away.

2. … appetite comes with eating.

3. … good beginning makes … good ending.

4. … bird in … hand is worth two in … bush.

5. Among … blind … one-eyed man is king.

6. … brevity is … soul of wit.

7. … cat has nine lives.

2. The appetite comes with eating.

3. A good beginning makes a good ending.

4. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.

5. Among the blind the one-eyed man is king.

6. Brevity is the soul of wit.

7. A cat has nine lives.

Использование артиклей с «застывшими словосочетаниями»

Существует огромное количество так называемых «застывших словосочетаний», в которых артикль употребляется или отсутствует традиционно. Эти словосочетания необходимо заучивать наизусть.

Запомните следующие конструкции и предложения:

There is a … I have a …

Where is the …? This is a …

The (book ) is on the (table) .

Но: The (book ) is on a little (table) .

In  front

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1.There is … big tree in …. garden.

1.There is a big tree in the garden.

2.There is …. bank near here. - Where is … bank ?

2.There is a bank near here. - Where is the bank?

3.There is … new supermarket in …. centre of our …. town.

3.There is a new supermarket in the centre of our  town.

4.Where is the book? - The book is on the shelf.

4.Where is … book? - … book is on … shelf.

5.Where is … vase? – … vase is on … little table near

5.Where is the vase? – The vase is on a little table near

… window.

the window.

6.Where are … flowers? - … flowers are in …beautiful vase.

6.Where are the flowers? - The flowers are in a beautiful vase.

7. Open … window, please. … weather is fine today.

7. Open the window, please. The weather is fine today.

8. There is a little white cloud in the sky.

8.There is … little white cloud in … sky .

Запомните следующие застывшие словосочетания:

in the middle

in the corner

to the right

to the left

Исправьте ошибки.

1.There is a jar of the orange marmelade in a middle

of shelf.

1.There is a jar of  orange marmelade in the middle

of the shelf.

2.There is the big box of cereal to right of you.

2.There is a big box of cereal to the right of you.

3.There is the bunch of the bananas on the table.

3.There is a bunch of bananas on the table.

4.There was a bottle of  lemonade in the corner

4.There was a bottle of the lemonade in a corner

of kitchen.

of the kitchen.

5.The carpet is on the floor in the front of the sofa.

5.The carpet is on the floor in  front of the sofa.

6.I can see the nice coffee table in a middle of the room to right of the door. It is black and red.

6.I can see a nice coffee table in the middle of the room

I like the coffee table.

to the right of the door. It is black and red.

I like the coffee table.

Запомните следующие застывшие словосочетания:

to the cinema at the cinema

to the theatre at the theatre

to the shop at the shop

to the market at the market

to go for a walk

from  morning till  night

all day long

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1.I was at … cinema yesterday. – What … film did you see? –

Oh, I saw … very good film. I think it is … best film of … year.

1.I was at the cinema yesterday. – What  film did you see?

– Oh, I saw a very good film. I think it is the best film of the year.

2.Do you often go to … theatre? – No, I don’t. I like to go

to…theatre, but I am very busy. I work from … morning

till … night.

2.Do you often go to the theatre? – No, I don’t. I like to go to

the theatre, but I am very busy. I work from  morning

till  night.

3. We went to … cinema in … evening.

3. We went to the cinema in the evening.

4.Did you go for … walk yesterday? –No, we didn’t.

4.Did you go for a walk yesterday? –No, we didn’t.

… weather was bad, and we went to … cinema.

The weather was bad, and we went to the cinema.

5.Let’s go to …shop. I must buy … bread and … milk.

5.Let’s go to the shop. I must buy  bread and  milk.

6.In … evening … friends went to … theatre and came back to …

6.In the evening the friends went to the theatre and came back

hotel very late.

to the hotel very late.

Запомните следующие застывшие словосочетания:

In the morning after  work

In the afternoon from  work

In the evening after  school

at  night from  school

А также:

to go to  bed to go  home

to go to  work to come  home

tо go to  school to leave  home for  work for  school

At  half past five at a quarter past five

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. My brother is … pupil. He goes to … school.

1. My brother is a pupil. He goes to  school.

2.He goes to … school in … morning.

2. He goes to  school in the morning.

3.He has five or six … lessons every day.

3. He has five or six  lessons every day.

4.In … afternoon he goes … home.

4. In the afternoon he goes  home.

5.At home he does his … homework.

5. At home he does his  homework .

6.In … evening he reads … books.

6. In the evening he reads  books.

7.He usually goes to … bed at … half past ten.

7. He usually goes to  bed at  half past ten.

8.At … night he sleeps.

8. At  night he sleeps .

9.My father goes to …work in … morning and comes home

9. My father goes to  work in the morning and comes  home

in … evening.

in the evening.

10. I get up at half past seven in the morning and go to  bed

10.I get up … half past seven in … morning and go to … bed

at a quarter to eleven in the evening.

at … quarter to eleven in … evening.

Найдите в предложениях ошибки и исправьте их.

1.When does your mother leave the home for a work?

1.When does your mother leave  home for  work?

- She leaves the home for a work at quarter past eight.

- She leaves home for  work at a quarter past eight.

2.When do you leave the home for a school ?

2.When do you leave  home for  school?

– I leave the home for a school at the half past eight.

– I leave home for  school at  half past eight.

3. What do you do when you come home from a school?

3. What do you do when you come home from  school?

– I do my homework, talk to my friends on phone

– I do my homework, talk to my friends on phone

and go for walk.

and go for a walk.

Запомните следующие застывшие словосочетания без артикля

after  breakfast , after  lunch, after  tea,

after  dinner, after  supper ;

before  breakfast , before  lunch, before  tea,

before  dinner, before  supper ;

for  breakfast , for  lunch, for  tea,

For  dinner, for  supper ;

at  breakfast , at  lunch, at  tea,

at  dinner, at  supper .

Вставьте артикль, где это необходимо.

1.What do you do after … breakfast ?- After … breakfast

I go to school.

1.What do you do after  breakfast ?- After  breakfast

I go to school.

2. Who cooks  dinner in your family ?

2. Who cooks … dinner in your family?

3. Yesterday father told us … very interesting story

3. Yesterday father told us a very interesting story

at … breakfast.

at  breakfast .

4. What did you have for  lunch at  school

4. What did you have for … lunch at … school

on … Wednesday?- We had … salad and … tea.

on  Wednesday?- We had  salad and  tea.

5. When do you clean your teeth in … morning: before …breakfast or after … breakfast?

5. When do you clean your teeth in the morning: before

 breakfast or after  breakfast?

6.For … breakfast I have … coffee with … milk.

6. For  breakfast I have  coffee with  milk.

7.There is … proverb: «After … dinner sleep awhile,

7. There is a proverb: «After  dinner sleep awhile, after

after … supper walk … mile» .

 supper walk a mile».

МЫ УВЕРЕНЫ, ЧТО ТЕПЕРЬ ВЫ СТАЛИ

НАСТОЯЩИМИ ЭКПРЕТАМИ В ТЕМЕ

«АРТИКЛИ В АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ», ПОЭТОМУ

ПРЕДЛАГАЕМ ВАМ ПРОВЕРИТЬ СВОИ ЗНАНИЯ В

ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ ИГРЕ

“BIG BOARD GAME”

Использованные ресурсы

• http://study-english.info/exercises-article.php#ixzz2qmLsjjDJ
• http://study-english.info/
• http://study-english.info/exercises-article.php#ixzz2qmLJ2HQd
• http://study-english.info/