ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК (английский) Практикум для студентов 1 курса Часть 1

ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

«КЕРЧЕНСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ МОРСКОЙ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ»

СУДОМЕХАНИЧЕСКИЙ ТЕХНИКУМ

Цикловая комиссия гуманитарных и социально-экономических дисциплин

Сухарева Н. В.

ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК

Практикум

для студентов 1 курса специальностей

22.02.06 Сварочное производство

26.02.02 Судостроение

26.02.04 Монтаж и техническое обслуживание судовых механизмов

26.02.05 Эксплуатация судовых энергетических установок

26.02.06 Эксплуатация судового электрооборудования

профиля: технического

очной формы обучения

Часть 1

Керчь, 2018 г.

Cоставитель: Сухарева Н.В., преподаватель высшей категории цикловой комиссии гуманитарных и социально-экономических дисциплин ФГБОУ ВО «КГМТУ» СМТ_________

Рецензент: Джапарова Э. К., к.ф..н., доцент, зав. кафедры английской филологии ГБОУ ВО РК КИПУ

Практикум рассмотрен и одобрен на заседании цикловой комиссии гуманитарных

и социально-экономических дисциплин СМТ ФГБОУ ВО «КГМТУ»

протокол № ___ от ___________2018 г.

Зав. цикловой комиссии ____________ Р.В. Попова

Практикум утвержден на заседании методического совета СМТ ФГБОУ ВО «КГМТУ»

протокол № ___ от ___________2018 г.

ФГБОУ ВО «КГМТУ», 2018 г.

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

ВВЕДЕНИЕ ……………………………………………………………………… ……4

МОДУЛЬ: ОСНОВНОЙ

Unit 1 English as a World Language ………………………………………………….5

Unit 2 Meeting People ………………………………………………………….. ..........9

Unit 3 A Person’s Description ………………………………………………………..12

Unit 4 Families and Family Relations ………………………………………….........21

Unit 5 Housing ………………………………………………………………….. …....25

Unit 6 A Student’s Working Day …………………………………………………….38

Unit 7 Hobbies and Leisure Time …………………………………………………....43

Unit 8 Going about the City …………………………………………………… ……50

Unit 9 Shopping …………………………………………………………………. …...57

Список литературы …………………………………………………………………..62

ВВЕДЕНИЕ

Практикум имеет целью предоставить необходимый материал по дисциплине «Иностранный язык» (английский), охватывающий основные программные темы подготовки студентов и курсантов 1 курса специальностей технического профиля очной формы обучения в 1 семестре. Практикум состоит из 10 разделов (Units). Практикум содержит также введение, список литературы и других источников.

В разделы включены разнообразные задания, направленные на развитие основных речевых умений (чтение, говорение и письмо), разработанные на основе как адаптированных, так и аутентичных текстов, содержащих интересный, современный, информативный материал, представляющий интерес для обучаемых.

Тексты снабжены словарями и комментариями. К текстам подобраны и разработаны разноуровневые задания, которые могут быть выполнены студентами и курсантами с разной базовой подготовкой. Предложенные задания имеют репродуктивный, реконструктивный и творческий уровни. Это позволяет осуществлять последовательную, поэтапную работу над темой с постепенным повышением уровня сложности заданий, что даёт возможность осуществлять индивидуальный подход к обучающимся.

Практикум можно использовать не только для организации аудиторных практических занятий, но и для самостоятельного освоения обучаемыми программного материала.

Unit 1 ENGLISH AS A WORLD LANGUAGE

Exercise 1.1 Read the words of the vocabulary. Write them down into your note-books. Guess the main idea of the text

Vocabulary

a mother tongue a foreign language to borrow to crowd out corresponding to exist to trade; trader church a derivative to create to solve to apply for a job

родной язык иностранный язык занимать, заимствовать вытеснять соответствующий существовать торговать; торговец церковь производное слово создавать решать устроиться на работу

Exercise 1.2 Look at the list of proper names below. Read the proper names. Remember the names of some countries and peoples living there. Study the rules of these words forming. Form the words according to the rules

Proper Names

Great Britain the United States of America Canada Australia New Zealand China Japan India Africa UNO (the United Nations Organization) Angles and Saxons French Greek

Великобритания Соединённые штаты Америки Канада Австралия Новая Зеландия Китай Япония Индия Африка ООН (Организация Объединённых наций) англы и саксы француз, французский грек, греческий

1. Britain British

Spain + -ish ?

1. America ?

Canada + -(i)an Canadian

Australia ?

India ?

1. New Zealand + -er New Zealander

Netherlands ?

1. China + -ese Chinese

Japan ?

Exercise 1.3 Read and translate the international words without a dictionary

Official, history, form, cigar, university, football, telephone, economic problem, political problem, business, pop culture, sport, satellite programmes, delegation.

Exercise 1.4 Read the text below and decide what paragraphs gives information about

• Origin of English words from other peoples’ languages

• The need for every high skilled specialist to learn English

• Older English words which new English words were derived from

• The words which were brought to England by travellers

English Language Development

English is spoken practically all over the world. It is spoken as the mother tongue in Great Britain, the United States of America, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. A lot of people speak English in China, Japan, India, Africa and other countries. It is one of 6 official languages of the UNO (United Nations Organization).

England’s history helps to understand the present condition of English. Many English words were borrowed from the language of Angles and Saxons. Hundreds of French words came into English.These French words didn’t crowd out corresponding Anglo-Saxon words. There exist «act» and «deed», «beautiful» and «pretty», «form» and «shape».

Many new words were brought by traders and travellers. These words came from all parts of the world: «umbrella» from Italian, «skates» — from Datch, «tea» — from Chinese, «cigar» — from Spanish. In the Middle Ages some words came into English directly from Latin, which was the language of the church and from the universities. Some of the today’s English words are derivatives.

One way of creating new words is to put together two or more English words of earlier origin. For example, the words «railway», «football», «newspaper» are made in this way. Many of the new English words — especially new scientific ones — have been made from Latin and Greek words instead of English ones. «Telephone» for instance, was made from Greek words «far» and «talk».

Languages help people to understand each other better, they help them to solve different economic and political problems. Two thousands years ago, Latin was the world’s most important international language. Today this title belongs to English. It’s a global language of travel, business, pop culture, sport and science.

To my mind English is worth studying. There is a proverb: «A new language is a new world». Knowing a foreign language one can not only read the papers, magazines and original books by outstanding writers, but as well watch satellite programmes, travel easily to different parts of the world. Besides, understanding and speaking a foreign language became necessary while applying for a good and well-paid job.

Now I know that it is a must for XXI century professional no matter what job to choose. The world is getting smaller and international connections tighter. A lot of foreign delegations keep coming to our country. Hundreds of joint ventures have appeared almost in every city of our country recently. It’s clear one can’t do without learning this beautiful language.

Exercise 1.5 Find English equivalents for the Russian words and expressions in the text

По всему миру; современное состояние; средние века; церковный язык; сделаны этим способом; понимать друг друга; важнейший международный язык; по-моему; стоит изучать; хорошо оплачиваемый; различные уголки мира; при приёме на работу; долг каждого специалиста; тесные связи; совместные предприятия; нельзя обойтись.

Exercise 1.6 Find synonyms in the both columns

mother tongue a lot of act beautiful form trader solve to my mind outstanding 10)job 11) learn

work merchandiser in my opinion many study native language deed well-known pretty decide shape

Exercise 1.7 Define the form of the verbs in the sentences. Explain why these forms are used

1. English is spoken practically all over the world. 2. It is one of 6 official languages of the UNO. 3. England’s history helps to understand the present condition of English. 4. Many English words were borrowed from the language of Angles and Saxons. 5. These words came from all parts of the world.6. Many of the new English words have been made from Latin and Greek words. 7. Two thousands years ago, Latin was the world’s most important international language. 8. The world is getting smaller. 9. Hundreds of joint ventures have appeared almost in every city of our country recently.

Exercise 1.8 Revise the rules of Degrees of Comparison forming and fill in the table

The Positive Degree/ Положительная степень	The Comparative Degree/ Cравнительная степень	The Superlative Degree/ Превосходная степень
new many _____________ different ______________ _____________ ______________ beautiful	__________ __________ earlier ______________ ______________ smaller tighter ______________-	________________ ________________ _________________ _______________ the most important ______________ ______________ _______________

Exercise 1.9 Answer the questions

1. In what countries is English spoken as the mother tongue?

2. From what languages are some English word borrowed?

3. Did French words crowd out corresponding Anglo- Saxon ones?

4. What English words that came from all parts of the world do you know?

5. Why are there so many words with Latin roots in English language?

6. What ways of creating new words do you know?

Exercise 1.10 (pre-listening task) Do you know these Proper Names

United Nations Organization — Организация Объединенных Наций

Angles and Saxons — англы и саксы

Great Britain - Великобритания

the United States of America – Соединённые штаты Америки

Canada - Канада

Australia - Австраля

New Zealand – Новая Зеландия

Exercise 1.11 (while-listening task) Listen to the short information about the English language as the most wide-spread language in the world. Find the corresponding figures and words and expressions in the table. Form true sentences and tell about English.

1 bln	people speak English as mother tongue
400 mln	is the vocabulary of the average person in Britain
600 mln	people speak English
250 mln	years ago Shakespear was born.
10,000 – 15,000	of the world’s scientific literature is in English
30,000	people are learning English
400	people spoke English in the 15th century
6 mln – 7 mln	people speak English as a second or foreign language
0.5	words were used by W. Shakespeare

Exercise 1.12 Read the English proverbs and match them with their Russian equivalents

Live and learn	Без труда нет плода
No pains, no gains	Терпение и труд всё перетрут
It is never too late to learn	Знания — сила
Industriousness is the mother of good luck	Учиться никогда не поздно
Knowledge is power	Век живи, век учись
All things are difficult before they are easy	Меньше слов — больше дела

UNIT 2 MEETING PEOPLE

Exercise 2.1 Read the text and define its character

A – description (описание); b – narration (пересказ); c – report (доклад); d – reasoning (рассуждение); e – memoirs (мемуары)

Introducing Myself

There is a saying that if you want something to be done well, do it yourself. So, I am following this wise saying and would like to introduce myself.

My first name is Sergey, my family name is Kravenko and my second name is Yurievich.

But in the beginning, I would like to represent my family and parents. Actually my family isn't large. My family con­sists of my father, mother, sister and cat Boris.

My father's name is Yuri. He is 41 years, but he looks much younger. He is a businessman. My dad is a well-educated and well-read person; he has experiences in many fields. That is why it is always interesting to communicate with him, he usu­ally tells many exciting stories, of course, if he has free time.

And my mother is 37. Her name is Natalia. She is a good-looking, blond woman. She has large green eyes. I admire her character. She is an optimist; she is full of energy and enthu­siasm. I really adore her sense of humour. She is a housewife. It takes her much time and power to take care of our home. But I can assure, she copes with her job very well. Besides, both my farther and I help her with the housework. For example, I wash dishes, plates, sometimes go shopping and so on.

I enjoy spending time with my family very much. We often go for walks. I enjoy strolling along streets because my parents usually tell me a lot of interesting details of the history of our city. That is also the reason I'm fond of travelling with my parents. My mother spends much time in the kitchen — she is keen on cooking. We always find out new recipes, try them. When I was a child, my father involved me in stamp collecting. Since that time, stamps and ancient coins have become my hobby. We have a huge collection of stamps and coins. We also are keen on music and everyone who comes to our place praises our numerous collections of CD and DVD disks. It is impossible to name all the things we can do together, so I think I can stop here.

I would like to see my father's parents. But they were gone before my birth. According to my parents' words, they were wonderful and outstanding people. But to my mind, my dad inherited their best features. My parents are remarkable peo­ple: kind-hearted, honest, they have moral values and don't break promises. They understand me completely. They allow me almost everything, they always give me good advice and, frankly speaking, I don't know what I will do without them. I am very lucky that I have got such wonderful parents and, of course, I love them very much.

Now, I think, it is time to speak about myself. My name is Sergey, but my friends call me Seriy. I am 15.

I am tall and not bad built. I have an oval face and large green eyes. Speaking about my character, I can say that I'm friendly, kind, generous and honest. I do not like falsehood. I have my own likes and dislikes. I am modest and sometimes shy, but do not advise someone tricking or kidding me. But in spite of all these characters, I can keep secrets; I never let my friends down. I usually say, what I think, that is why people around me often take offence. For me it is very difficult to cope with people who have such features of character as ego­ism and dishonesty.

Exercise 2.2 Study the new words and write them down into your note-book

Vocabulary

experience field exciting to admire to adore to take care to assure to cope (with) to stroll to be keen (on) to involve to inherit to break promises generous falsehood modest shy to trick to kid in spite of to let smb. down 22.to take offence

опыт область (знаний) волнующий восхищаться обожать заботиться уверять, заверять справляться прогуливаться, бродить очень сильно что-либо любить включать в себя, вовлекать унаследовать нарушать обещания нежадный, великодушный ложь, неправда скромный, сдержанный застенчивый, робкий, нерешительный обманывать, налувать обманывать, высмеивать не смотря на подводить кого-либо обижаться

Exercise 2.3 Use of to express the same idea as in the model

Model: My father's name = the name of my father

Your mother’s name; his uncle’s business; housewives’ job; our family’s house; Mike and John’s collection; my parents' words; my grandfather’s best feature

Exercise 2.4 Fill in the gaps with the appropriate words from the box

somewhere everything something

1. There is a saying that if you want … to be done well, do it yourself.

2. We often go … for walks.

3. They allow me almost … .

Exercise 2.5 Put General and all possible Special questions to the following sentence

It takes her much time and power to take care of our home

Exercise 2.6 Read the words in italic, translate them and explain the reason for their use

Exercise 2.7 Answer the following questions

1. What is your first (second, last) name?

2. Who are the members of your family?

3. What’s your father’s name?

4. How does he look like?

5. What kind of man is he?

6. What is he?

7. What’s your mother’s name?

8. How does she look like?

9. What does she do?

10. What are her character features?

11. Do you help your parents about the house?

12. How does your family prefer to spend free time together?

13. Do you think you have inherited your mother’s and father’s best features?

14. What are they?

Exercise 2.8 Describe your appearance and character features in some words. Use the following words and word combinations:

to be tall; not to be bad built; I have an ... face and ... eyes; to be friendly ( kind, generous, honest ...), falsehood; likes and dislikes; modest; to trick ; to keep secrets; to let smb down; to take offence; to cope with; dishonesty.

Exercise 2.9 Give your ideas on the saying below.

If you want something to be done well, do it yourself.

Exercise 2.10 Read a joke and retell it

Opinions

On the first day of school, a first-grader handed his teacher a note from his mother. The note read, “The opinions expressed by this child are not necessarily those of his parents.”

UNIT 3 A PERSON’S DESCRIPTION

Exercise 3.1 Read the following text and translate it into Russian

My Family

My father is tall. He has large hands and his feet are size 45. He has short, dark, curly hair and a small beard. His arms, legs and chest are hairy. He's a cheerful person and when he laughs, you can see even white teeth. He wears spectacles (glasses) and you can't see his eyes, but I know they are steel gray. He's 43. He usually wears jeans and checked shirts or sweaters. But for work he wears a suit and a tie and looks every inch a teacher.

My mother is a very different person. She's short and plumpish. She has small hands and feet. She has long, strong, fair hair. She has dimples and rosy cheeks. She has long eyelashes which she darkens with mascara. She likes pink nail-varnish, high-heeled shoes and fashionable clothes. Her favourite colours are red and light blue.

My 20-year old sister likes to be well-dressed. She used lots of make-up. She often goes to the hairdresser's and has fantastic hairstyles. She's tall and slim, with slender arms and elegant legs. Her full lips are always red. She's open-minded and nice. She is married and has a baby.

My baby nephew is still just a toddler; he can't speak yet, but he's very selfish and bores me.

My boss is an elderly man, rather short and stout. His hair is grey and thin and he's bald on top. He's clean-shaven. He has a double chin. He's always immaculately dressed: a white shirt, a dark well-creased suit with a matching tie and black leather shoes. He's a serious and punctual man, doesn't talk much and seems to be not overgenerous.

Exercise 3.2 Put the necessary forms of the verb to be or to have into the gaps

1. His father … tall. 2. They … many children. 3. Her favourite colours … red and light blue. 4. She … short and plumpish. 5. Ann … many hobbies. 6. Her full lips … always red. 7. He … a serious and punctual man. 8. Jack … a habit of being well-dressed.

Exercise 3.3 Match the persons with the words for their description according to the text

1. The father 2. The mother 3. The sister 4. The baby 5. The boss

a) Short and plumpish; small hands and feet; to have dimples and rosy cheeks; to have long eyelashes; to like pink nail-varnish, high-heeled shoes and fashionable clothes b) rather short and stout; to have grey and thin hair; to be bald on top; clean-shaven; a double chin; to be immaculately dressed; a serious and punctual c) Tall; short, dark, curly hair; a small beard; a cheerful person; steel gray eyes; to wear glasses d) tall and slim; to be well-dressed; to use lots of make-up; to have fantastic hairstyles; open-minded and nice; to be married e) a toddler; very selfish; to bore

Exercise 3.4 Explain the meaning of the expressions. Use this expression for description of your family members or friends

To look every inch a (teacher)

Exercise 3.5 Describe the members of the family or the boss from the text using the words from exercise 3.3

Exercise 3.6 Write down and study new vocabulary

Active Vocabulary (1) Hair can be:

curly smooth straight/wavy pinned up in bunches fastened with slides(Br)/ barrettes(Am) grips ribbons hair pins in plaits(Br)/braids(Am) to plait one's hair in a bun/ in a ponytail to have one's hair cut to do one's hair to grow one's hair to dye hair (e.g. in pink) to wear a wig to wear one's hair short shoulder-long hair rollers his hair is receding/thinning she's graying fringe (Am E: bang)

кудрявые гладкие прямые с заколкой сзади в хвостиках, закрепленных заколкой резинками лентами шпильками в косах заплетать косы в хвосте подстричься причесываться отращивать волосы покрасить волосы (в розовый цвет) носить парик носить короткие волосы по плечи бигуди у него выпадает волос она седеет челка

e.g.: straight shoulder-length hair прямые волосы по плечи.

In colour it can be:

red grey/white golden ash-blond silvery dark/fair brown/chestnut  e.g. She was a black-haired girl. The boy was red-headed.

рыжие седые золотистые пепельные серебристые темные\светлые, белокурые каштановые

 Mind the word order of adjectives!

quality - size - age - shape - color – origin - made of type + noun

Ex.: beautiful long wavy brown hair; old red French car

Face can be:

round long to have a long face (= to have an unhappy, bored expression) thin/ chubby pale pretty/ ugly good-humoured plain expressive with a round chin pointed chin double chin decided chin with hollow/ rosy cheeks with bushy/ arched/ thin eyebrows pale/ florid complexion

круглое длинное иметь унылый вид худое/ полнощёкое бледное хорошенькое, прелестное/уродливое добродушное простое, обыкновенное выразительное с круглым подбородком острым подбородком двойным подбородком решительным подбородком с впалыми/ румяными щеками с косматыми/полукругом/тонкими бровями бледный/ цветущий цвет лица

What can be found on the face

freckles wrinkles a beauty spot a scar a dimple to wear spectacles moustache, also mustache (Am) beard stubble whiskers

веснушки морщины родинка шрам ямочка носить очки усы борода щетина бакенбарды

You smell scents and odors with a nose which can be:

flat straight bulbous nose to be snub-nosed turned-up

приплюснутый прямой нос картошкой быть курносым вздернутый

You look at the world around you with eyes which can be:

hazel brown gray\grey blue e.g. The girl was blue-eyed. almond be almond-eyed intelligent mischievous with long/curving eyelashes slanting

светло-коричневые карие серые голубые миндалевидные с миндалевидным разрезом глаз умные озорной, шаловливый с длинными/загнутыми ресницами косой

Your lips can be:

full thin well-cut

полные тонкие хорошо очерченные

Your figure and features can be:

plain regular/irregular plump slender well-built skinny

простые, некрасивые правильные/неправильные полный, пухлый стройный, тонкий хорошо сложенный худой

General

to look like to resemble What does he look like?

выглядеть быть похожим Как он выглядит?

Exercise 3.7 Match the words from the right column with the descriptions in the left column.

plump, skinny, slender silky, smooth, curly pale, good-humored, long hazel, mischievous, warm snub, straight, bulbous chestnut, silvery, fair in a bun, crew-cut, plaits double, pointed, decided

hair styles face hair colour figure hair nose eyes chin

Exercise 3.8

Give Russian equivalents to the following expressions.

1. mischievous almond hazel eyes

2. turned up nose

3. pointed chin

4. short, dark, curly hair

5. wavy shoulder-length hair

6. good-humored round face

7. eyelashes darken with mascara

8. slanting eyes

9. skinny figure

10. deep scar

11. short curly fringe

12. hair fastened with barrettes

13. a man with a long moustache

14. charming smile

15. wrinkled face

16. expressive features

17. silvery hair

18. to have a long face

19. to wear a wig

20. fashionable stubble

Exercise 3.9 Describe your friends / group mates / some famous people. The others will try to guess who you are describing. Write down your description

Exercise 3.10 Study new vocabulary

Active Vocabulary (2)

split personality to be a man of character to judge by appearance to keep up appearances

противоречивый характер быть человеком с сильным характером судить по внешности соблюдать приличия

Intellectual Ability:

you want to be:
bright gifted shrewd	способный, смышленый одаренный проницательный, практичный

Attitudes towards life:

ambitious brave caring cautious cheerful down-to-earth dreamy flexible generous grateful to smb. for smth independent sensible sensitive secretive talkative shy wasteful

честолюбивый храбрый заботливый осторожный, осмотрительный бодрый, веселый практичный, приземленный мечтательный уступчивый щедрый благодарный кому-либо за что-либо независимый разумный чувствительный скрытный разговорчивый робкий, застенчивый расточительный

Innate features:

qualities that make your life exciting:
determined neat imaginative obedient open punctual straight-forward sympathetic tactful tolerant/ patient thrifty/economical truthful	решительный аккуратный одаренный богатым воображением послушный откровенный, искренний точный, пунктуальный прямой, откровенный сочувственный, полный сочувствия тактичный терпимый экономный, бережливый правдивы

Relations with other people:

people will be eager to make friends with you if you are:
easy-going energetic frank helpful honest sincere sociable trustworthy willing to help	добродушный, веселый энергичный откровенный полезный честный искренний общительный надежный, заслуживающий доверия всегда готовый помочь

You don't want to be:

boring bossy/cocky boastful careless childish cold cruel deceitful envious greedy/tight-fisted individualistic insolent insensitive intolerant jealous lazy bones/ a slacker moody nasty nosy/ a nosy parker rude self-assured selfish be a slow-coach, slowpoke sly sloppy snobbish stubborn/dogged stupid two-faced unreliable vain

скучный, зануда дерзкий, нахальный хвастливый небрежный, невнимательный инфантильный, ребячливый недружелюбный жестокий лживый, обманчивый завистливый скупой эгоистичный дерзкий равнодушный нетерпимый ревнивый лодырь, лентяй человек настроения отвратительный любопытный, пронырливый грубый самоуверенный эгоистичный медлительный, копуша хитрый, коварный неряшливый сноб упрямый глупый двуличный, лживый ненадежный тщеславный

You and your work:

accomplished attentive committed dedicated diligent hard-working responsible/irresponsible

квалифицированный внимательный обязательный преданный упорный, прилежный трудолюбивый ответственный \ безответственный

Exercise 3.11 Read the following text and translate it into Russian

People’s Characters Descriptions

Jack is popular with his fellow-students and most of his teachers. He works hard in his classroom, but sometimes he can be noisy. He is not deliberately disruptive, but he does find it difficult to sit still for long periods. He is full of energy. He is late for his classes more often than most students but he is always willing to help teachers and students.

Jack is generally good-tempered, but he has been in two fights since he left school. He is quite happy at school and doesn't seem to have any strong opinions about how things could be changed. He gets on well with his parents although he frequently quarrels with his younger sisters.

Jane plays netball for the school team for her year, she is very popular with her fellow students. She takes the lead in arranging extra netball practices and group parties. She has a lively personality and a sense of humour. Her teachers like her but they complain about her unpunctuality and sometimes lateness of her homework.

There is one particular teacher she does not like; she has been accused of being insolent to this teacher, but Jane denied it strongly.

She has strong opinions about how the university should be run. Out of school she is dressed in very up-to-date clothes and collects all the latest records. She is a keen sportsman.

Len is a very intelligent boy. He is not very good at games, in fact he shows little interest in sport in general. He is no weakling however. He reads a book after book, plays chess well and is very good at Physics. He is a friendly person but perhaps does not make friends as easily as some of the other students.

Whatever he gives his mind on, he does with great determination. His parents are very proud of him. He lives in a flat on a housing estate near the University. He is not very talkative, but when he does speak, the other students tend to listen to him.

Maggie thinks there are many things wrong with the University. She has ideas about changing the rules; for instance, she rebels against doing homework and believes that being punished by detention is wrong.

Some of her teachers think she is a troublemaker. Some of her groupmates think she is loud and bossy; others think she is a very lively person. Maggie's mother is a councilor so she is accustomed to hearing her parents talk about important matters. She is intelligent, full of energy and seems to have opinions about everything.

Exercise 3.12 Find the English equivalents for the following from the text

1. Пользоваться популярностью среди одногруппников

2. Намеренно нарушать дисциплину

3. Опаздывать на занятия

4. Хорошо ладить с кем-либо

5. Жаловаться на непунктуальность

6. Быть обвинённым в дерзости

7. Страстно увлекаться спортом

8. Не быть слабаком

9. Задумывать что-либо

10. Нарушитель спокойствия

Exercise 3.13 Decide:

a) who of these students you would like to make friends with

b) who might be the best group representative

Give your arguments. What do you like/dislike about these people? Write down your reasoning

UNIT 4 FAMILIES AND FAMILY RELATIONS

Exercise 4.1 Read and translate the text below

Text

A family is an essential part of our society and I think everyone wants to have a happy family. Firstly, I believe that a happy family should have things sharing together like dreams and hopes, not only possessions. I think it’s great. Secondly a happy family is a place where respect dwellers, a place where all members can enjoy the dignity of their own personalities. But in my opinion, love and trust are more important for a happy family than any other values, because without love happiness is impossible. If you love each other, then all obstacles will be overcome, and all gentle words will be found, and this cruel world will turn to you with a kind smile.

I think that having a good family is very important in our life because it is like a friendly port for us when the waves of life become too wild. We need a family for comfort and protection. For example, when I have some problems, my family always takes my word against anybody else’s. And I’m sure I can always rely on their help. Besides, I think that it’s lovely to have the family round you and to know they are interested in you. You will never feel lonely.

There are four of us in my family: my parents, my brother and me. My father is a managing director. He is very clever and I respect him very much. Unfortunately, he is always very busy and has little time to spend with his family. My mother is a very friendly and likeable person but sometimes she can be quite critical of people. My brother is a student. We don’t have any secrets from each other and we get on very well. We are both fond of sports and often spend our free time playing sports games. My grandparents are retired and live in their country house. They are fond of gardening and I often visit them and help my Granny about the garden so I’ve got nice relationship with my grandparents.

I believe that children should be given as much responsibility about the house as possible. I don’t think that parents should do everything for them especially if they can do certain things by themselves. It’s very good for a child to learn to be able to take care of himself and his possessions from the very early age. Besides, I’m sure that everybody in the family should do their fair share, including children. They can do such household chores as cleaning, taking out rubbish, watering the flowers and everyday shopping.

My brother and I try to help mу mother to do the chores. I do most of the washing up, tidy my room and make my bed. I often go shopping. My brother is responsible for cleaning and repairing things and he sometimes cooks. In a loving family every person ought to do the chores. That is the way I see it.

Vocabulary

essential to share possession dignity value obstacle to overcome gentle ≠ cruel rely on likeable  responsible responsibility to be able to take care household chores [ tʃ ɔ:] to wash up to tidy

необходимый, ценный, весьма важный делится, разделять, участвовать владение достоинство значение, ценность препятствие, помеха преодолевать нежный, ласковый, мягкий жестокий, безжалостный, бессердечный полагаться (на), рассчитывать (на) приятный, милый, привлекательный ответственный, надёжный обязанность, ответственность быть способным заботиться домашние дела мыть посуду прибирать, приводить в порядок

Exercise 4.2 Revise the forms of the verb to be in the Present Simple making a sentence. Use every of the pronouns in the table with the following expressions. Make necessary additions

Model: I am very busy today.

I … We … You … He … She … They …

to be busy to be fond of … to be sure to be retired to be responsible for …

Exercise 4.3 Find the equivalents for the following word combinations in the text

Важная часть нашего общества; это великолепно!; уважать обитателей; достоинство личности; преодолевать препятствия; нежные слова; добрая улыбка; рассчитывать на чью-либо помощь; чувствовать себя одиноким; заботиться о себе и своём имуществе; отвечать за уборку и ремонт

Exercise 4.4 Read the text once more and put attention to the words in italic. Find appropriate translation from the given below and explain the reason for their use

1. К сожалению (к несчастью)

2. Вот как я это понимаю

3. Друг друга

4. Отлично ладим

5. Как можно больше

6. По-моему

7. Принимать чью-либо сторону

8. Вносить свою долю

Exercise 4.5 What duties about the house are mentioned in the text? Which of them are your duties in your family?

• My usual duties are…

• I always help my parents with…

• Usually I …

Exercise 4.6 Match the members of the family from the text and their qualities and features in the both columns

The mother	to be retired; to live in the country; to be fond of gardening
The grandparents	to be a managing director; to be clever; to be very busy
The father	to be friendly and likable person be quite critical of people
The brother	to be a student to be fond of sports

Exercise 4.7 Answer the questions

1. Do you live in a nuclear or in an extended family?

2. Would you like to live with your grandparents? Why?

3. Who is the top dog in your family? Why?

4. Who runs the house in your family?

5. Do your parents teach you anything?

Exercise 4.8 Give a talk on family and family values

• what family values are most important for a happy family, why

• whether it is important to have a good family, why

• your family members and your relationship

• what household duties children should have, why

Exercise 4.9 Write an essay on the topic “My Family Is My Best Friend”. Use the expressions from exercise 4.4

Exercise 4.10 Discuss the following options and choose a present for your mother’s birthday you and the members of your family like most of all:
• a vase      • a box of chocolates
• flowers    • a self-made pie

Exercise 4.11 Read the dialogue and answer the questions

1. Why the vase is not a good present?

2. What is wrong about flowers?

3. Why do not children want to give a box of chocolates to their mother?

4. Is it easy to cook a pie?

5. What do you think of the children’s idea?

• Do you remember that next Sunday is our Mum’s birthday? What present can we buy for her? Have you decided yet?

• Well, I’m not quite sure. What about a vase? I saw a very beautiful one in the shop the other day. I think she will be very glad, because she has broken her favourite vase. Besides, she likes practical presents and it can always be useful.

• I’m afraid you forgot that Dad gave her a very beautiful vase on Women’s Day. We have lots of vases at home. In addition, Mum doesn’t like cut flowers, she prefers them in pots.

• OK. Let’s buy her a flower then. Mum likes to take care of them so we can buy a flower in a beautiful pot. They are lovely and we can choose the one she will really enjoy.

• You know, it’s very difficult to find nice flowers at reasonable prices. I’m afraid we don’t have enough money to buy a really beautiful flower. Besides, she has lots of flowers at home and one more won’t make any difference. Why don’t we buy her a box of chocolates? They are not very expensive and they are delicious. And in the evening we’ll have tea with chocolates. I’m sure she’ll like them.

• I don’t think so. She doesn’t have a sweet tooth. And you are too selfish! To buy a present so as to cat it in the evening? No, it’s quite an ordinary present. We should give her something special, something that she’ll remember forever.

• What do you suggest?

• I’ve got an idea! Why don’t we bake an apple pie for her! She is fond of home-made pies and this one is her favourite!

• Bake a pie? Not a bad idea! But I’m not sure of the results. As for me, I’m not good at cooking. Besides, we have no apples at home.

• Well, I know how to make it. I’ll cook it and you’ll buy apples and then wash the dishes.

• All right. It will be nice to have a cup of tea with a piece of home-made pie.

• I’m with you there, but it’s not the pie that counts. Mum will be proud of our abilities. It’s easy to buy chocolates or flowers. It’s much more difficult to make a pie. I’m sure she’ll be very glad.

• I completely agree with you! It’ll be the best present for our Mum.

Unit 5 HOUSING

Exercise 5.1 Translate the international words without a dictionary

Million; concentrate; apartments; conservative; tradition; normal; hobby; problem; bank

Exercise 5.2 Form adverbs with the suffix –ly and translate them into Russian

normal usual large possible most great joint

–ly

normally … … … … …

Exercise 5.3 Form the plural forms of the following nouns

A city; a house; a country; a guest; a holiday; a stone; a town; a family; a row; a price

Exercise 5.4 Read and translate the text

English Homes

About 51 million people live in England and most of them (84%) are largely concentrated in London. Like in any other capital city there are a lot of blocks of flats with modern apartments and a lot of people prefer living there. But people who are more conservative and value the traditions of their country live in the countryside.
The houses in the countryside are usually more expensive than the flats in big cities. I think it is normal because when you live in the country, you pay not just for the house but for the marvelous views, fresh air and a possibility to spend your free time in a garden (gardening is one of the most favourite hobbies among the British). English houses often have two floors and an attic. There is a kitchen, a dining-room and a living room on the ground floor. Almost in every house there is a fire-place in the living-room, which is the most favourite place for all the family in the evenings or on holidays. There are bedrooms and several bathrooms on the first floor. There is always a room for guests. There is usually a study on the attic.  Usually houses in England are built of stones or bricks, which are different in colour. And sometimes it seems that Britain is a country of multi-coloured houses. In England there are many types of houses. People can live in a flat as it was told above. In most towns all over England there are streets of houses joined together in long rows. Such houses are called terraced houses. Two houses joined together are called semi-detached houses. If the houses are not joined to any other buildings they are called detached houses. The most popular types of houses among British people are semi-detached and detached houses. 
Though more and more people tend to buy a house in the countryside, it has become a great problem for the English to buy a house because the prices on the property are increasing much faster than the wages. But it is always possible to take a mortgage in a bank, call upon rich relatives or buy a house jointly with friends.

Vocabulary

to be largely concentrated block of flats  a country modern apartments  conservative value marvelous view attic  stone brick row terraced houses  semi-detached houses  detached house  property jointly mortgage call upon  wages

быть в основном сосредоточенным многоквартирный дом 1. страна; 2. сельская местность современные квартиры консервативный ценить чудесный вид чердак, мансарда камень кирпич ряд дома рядовой застройки двухквартирный дом с отдельным входом особняк собственность вместе ипотечный заем призывать к помощи заработная плата

Exercise 5.5 Find in the text the equivalents for the following Russian expressions

Ценить традиции своей страны; предпочитать жить в сельской местности; садоводство; среди британцев; иметь два этажа; на первом этаже; самое любимой место; строить из кирпича; быть различным по цвету; разноцветные дома; как было сказано выше; всё больше людей стремятся; цены на собственность; взять ипотечный заём; увеличиваться быстрее, чем зарплаты; богатые родственники

Exercise 5.6 Fill in the table with the adjectives or adverbs in different forms missed in the table below

The Positive Degree/ Положительная степень	The Comparative Degree/ Сравнительная степень	The Superlative Degree/ Превосходная степень
	more conservative
	more expensive
big
marvelous
		the most favourite
	more
		the most popular
much
	faster
rich

Exercise 5.7 Find synonyms in the both columns

a lot of about expensive marvelous often type flat join to buy

dear apartment many nearly connect frequently to purchase improbable kind

Exercise 5.8 Study the scheme and form interrogative and negative sentences

Singular/ Единственное число	Plural/ Множественное число
There is a … Is there a …? There is not (isn’t) a … There is a kitchen on the ground floor. Is there a kitchen on the ground floor? There is not a kitchen on the ground floor.	There are … Are there…? There are not (aren’t) … There are two bedrooms in the house. Are there two bedrooms in the house? There are not two bedrooms in the house.

1. There is a fire-place in the living-room.

2. There is a kitchen on the ground floor.

3. There are bedrooms and several bathrooms on the first floor.

4. There is always a room for guests.

5. In most towns all over England there are streets of houses joined together in long rows.

Exercise 5.9 Choose the right word for the following descriptions

a building with modern apartments and a lot of people prefer living there streets of houses joined together in long rows two houses joined together houses which are not joined to any other buildings

a semi-detached house a block of flats  a detached house a terraced house

Exercise 5.10 Answer the questions

1. Where do most of English people prefer to live?

2. Why are the houses in the country more expensive than the flats in big cities?

3. What types of houses do you know in England?

4. What are the most popular types of houses among English people?

5. Is it easy or difficult nowadays to buy a house? Why?

6. How can you buy a house?

Exercise 5.11 Tell about an average English house using the picture and text

Exercise 5.12 You and your mother are thinking of redecorating your kitchen. Which style is the best for your family? Discuss the following options and choose the one you both like most of all:

• classical          • hi-tech

• avant-garde    • country

Exercise 5.13 Read the dialogue in pairs and translate it

- Mum, have you decided what style to choose for our new kitchen?

- Oh no! It’s too difficult for me to choose? Perhaps, you could help me. What style would you prefer for our kitchen?

- As for me, I would prefer something new and progressive, for example, the avant-garde style. It’s in fashion now. Just imagine our kitchen in bright colours and with extraordinary furniture. You’ll definitely feel quite a different person in there. What do you think of it?

- No way! It’s too unusual and it looks unnatural. And think of your grandparents! I’m afraid they will never get used to it. Besides, we usually gather round the kitchen table in the evening and have a nice talk but this style doesn’t suit for family gatherings, does it?

- In a way, you are right. But what about a hi-tech style? We would have a modem kitchen with all possible electrical appliances. What do you think of buying a microwave oven, a dishwasher and an electric cooker? You’ll have more free time. Besides, it’ll be easy to keep it clean. And such kitchen will look up-to-date. Do you agree with me?

- It’s not a bad idea. Of course we’ll buy a microwave oven and a dishwasher but I think that redecorating in a hi-tech style will be rather expensive. Besides, it may look like an office. I’d rather have a cosy kitchen that will suit all the family. Why don’t we redecorate it in a classical style? Our father likes this style because it’s very practical. And it won’t be very expensive. Besides, all our friends have kitchens made in a classical style. What’s your opinion?

- I think it’s boring to have a classical kitchen. We have already had it for five years and I’m sure that all our family members want to change it. In addition, I’d rather have a kitchen that differs from those of our friends.

- Perhaps, I can agree with you. And what do you think of the country style?

- The country style? It’s possible. This style is very rare nowadays and our kitchen will look rather unusual. Anyway, it will remind us of our holidays in the village.

- Oh yes! You’ll feel as if you were in our country house. Besides, it won’t be difficult to match all things.

- But won’t it be too expensive for us?

- Not at all! I know a good shop that sells country furniture at very reasonable prices. Our new kitchen will be very cosy. So what shall we choose?

- I think the country style will be the best for us. I’m sure that all the family will like it.

- I totally agree with you!

Exercise 5.14 Answer the questions

1. Who discuss the style of redecorating of the kitchen?

2. What style does the son prefer? Why?

3. Why does not the mother like the idea of avant-garde?

4. What style does the father prefer?

5. Does the son agree with classical style? Why?

6. What way of redecorating kitchen is chosen? Why?

7. What style for your kitchen would you like?

Exercise 5.15 Make a short description of your favorite room in your house/ flat. Use the following plan and speech patterns

Plan

1. Introduction (где вы живёте, где находится ваша комната, каково её назначение, расположение, есть ли у вас соседи по комнате)

2. Technical characteristics (размер комнаты, высота потолков, какие обои, из чего сделан пол, стены и потолок, когда сделан последний ремонт)

3. Details and content (опишите комнату, опираясь на картинку: мебель, её расположение; какие книги стоят на полках, какие картины/ фото висят на стенах; другие детали и особенности интерьера)

4. Emotions (какие эмоции у вас вызывает ваша комната, нравится ли вам находится в вашей комнате, почему)

5. Spending time in your room (как вы проводите время в своей комнате: работаете, отдыхаете, играете, принимаете гостей)

6. Conclusion (опишите ваше отношение к комнате, что вам в ней больше всего нравится, довольны ли вы своей комнатой)

Speech Patterns

I’d like to…

There is/ are …

In the right/ left side…

In the right/ left corner …

Next to…

Above …

Unit 6 A STUDENT’S WORKING DAY

Exercise 6.1 Organize the following paragraphs of the text in the right order

My Week-day

1. As I cannot get home for lunch, I take it at the cafe not far from our technical school. For lunch I have meat or fish with potatoes and a cup of strong tea or coffee with a pie. At ten minutes to three the lessons are over, and I go home.

2. In the evening I listen to the radio or watch TV or surf through the Internet. Once a week I go to the cinema or to the the­atre. Sometimes, I go for a walk with my friends. We talk about different things and usually have a good time. At 11 o'clock I go to bed.

3. I get up at a quarter to seven. I jump out of bed, switch on the radio and do my morning exercises to the radio music. Then I go to the bathroom, wash myself and clean my teeth with a tooth-brush. This does not take me much time, not more than ten or fifteen minutes. Then I dress and sit down to table to have my breakfast. I usually have a cup of tea or coffee, an egg and bread and butter.

4. At eight or nine o'clock I have supper. I have some salad, a slice of sausage and bread, sour milk or cereal.

5. After breakfast I go to the technical school. As I live far away, I go there by bus or by metro. It takes me more time to go by bus. If I have little time, I go by metro. My lessons begin at 9 o'clock. We have four periods every day. At a quarter to one we have a lunch hour.

6. When I get home from the technical school, I have dinner. My dinner usually consists of three courses. For the first course I have some soup, then some meat or fish. For dessert I have stewed fruit or ice-cream. After din­ner I help my mother to wash up the dishes. Then I do my lessons. This usually takes me about two hours.

Exercise 6.2 Read and translate the text

The Technical School I Study at

My name is Sviridov Mikhail. I am fifteen years old. I live in Kerch. This year I have entered the Kerch Shipbuilding Mechanical Technical School of Federal State Budget Educational Establishment of Higher Education “Kerch State Maritime Technological University”.

I am a day-time student or a full-time undergraduate as they say in Great Britain. But there is a correspondence department at our college as well. I am in the first year. I am taking a marine engineering course here. But there are some other courses at our college: electrical engineering, hull construction, welding production, enterprise economy and accounting.

Every day we attend classes, talk about our progress in learning, discuss very many questions concerning the subjects we learn. We have a lot of subjects such as Mathematics, Chemistry, Physics, Foreign Languages, History, Russian Language and Literature, Biology etc. We study computers too. We are going to have many special subjects during the whole course of study. We help one another if somebody is not good at any of the subjects. We do much work at the teacher’s command in class and at home.

There are plenty of special studies, shops and laboratories at the college. We have computer classes as well. We often prepare our course-papers and reports at the college library. Besides all the students are to have an industrial practice in “Zaliv” shipyard and at many other Kerch docks and plants and on board ships for future mariners.

The course of study will take three to four years. After this period crowded with learning and training on different special skills the students get Secondary Education Certificates and Diplomas of Junior Specialist.

The task of providing young people with a basic all-round knowledge has always been a matter of great importance. The boys and girls sitting at the desks today will have to solve the problems of our future life. We ought to take all branches of the economy to the most advanced lines of science and engineering, carry out extensive automation of production processes, ensure an increase in labour productivity and take the production to the level of the best world samples. And for all these there is clearly a need for highly educated, independently thinking people possessing, above all, a high degree of efficiency and responsibility.

Vocabulary

a full-time undergraduate a correspondence department a hull welding production an enterprise accounting a course-papers a shipyard crowded provide a matter to solve a branch advanced lines to carry out extensive to ensure a sample to possess degree efficiency responsibility

студент очного отделения заочное отделение корпус (судна) сварочное производство предприятие бухгалтерский учёт курсовая работа судостроительный завод; верфь заполненный обеспечивать вопрос; дело решать отрасль; ветвь передовые рубежи проводить; осуществлять; выполнять широкий; обширный обеспечивать образец обладать; владеть степень; градус эффективность ответственность

Exercise 6.3 Match the words with opposite meanings

A day-time student; much; old-fashioned; to attend; a part-time undergraduate; little; important; to miss; to solve the problem; unimportant; advanced; to give up the task

Exercise 6.4 Write down the abbreviations in full words

SEC; D of JS; comps; KSMTU; SMTS.

Exercise 6.5 Make right word combinations using words from the both columns according to their meanings in the text. Translate them into Russian

to discuss to take to concern to have to do to carry out to talk about to ensure

a) progress b) extensive automation of production processes c) much work d) an increase in labour productivity e) a lot of subjects f) questions g) the special subjects h) the production to the level of the best world samples

Exercise 6.6 Make sentences of your own according to the following models by changing the marked words and word combinations

Model 1. I’m in the first year.

I’m in the …

Model 2. I’m taking a marine engineering course here.

I’m taking a … here.

Model 3. He’s good at Mathematics.

He’s … at … .

Model 4. The course of study will take us three years.

The course of study will take … .

Model 5. We ought to take all branches of the economy

to the most advanced lines of science and engineering.

We ought to take … .

Exercise 6.7 Answer the questions

1. Where do you study?

2. What year are you in?

3. What course are you studying here?

4. What other courses are there at the college?

5. Are there a day-time or correspondence department at the technical school?

6. What do you do every day at the technical school?

7. What subjects do you study here?

8. Where can you get special knowledge and practice at the college?

9. How much time will it take you to finish the course of study?

10. What kind of documents does a student/ cadet get in the end of study?

11. What task has always been a matter of great importance?

12. Who will have to solve the problems of our future life?

13. What people are needed for making progress in the future life of our country?

Exercise 6.8 Read the words according to the reading rules

ea [ i: ]: sea; heat; mean; deal; steam; easy; seat; please; repeat

er [ ə: ]: term; person; concern; her; serve; perfect; insert; prefer

Exercise 6.9 Form nouns using the following scheme and translate them into Russian

Verb + -(t)ion = Noun

-(s)ion

to construct

to operate

to communicate

to divide

to transmit

to distribute

to supervise

toprevent

Exercise 6.10 Study the meanings of the prefixes inter- (между, среди, взаимно); super- (сверх); in- (отрицание). Read the words and translate them

Interrelated; international; interaction; inter-town

Superconductor; supernatural; supercharge

Inexpensive; inadequate incapable incomplete indirect inexperienced

Примечание: Приставка in- видоизменяется в некоторых случаях

• перед l превращается в il-

• перед r превращается в ir-

• перед m и p превращается в im-

legal — законный	illegal — незаконный
logical — логичный	illogical — нелогичный
regular — регулярный	irregular — нерегулярный
responsible — ответственный	irresponsible — безответственный
patient — терпеливый	impatient — нетерпеливый
possible — возможный	impossible — невозможный

Exercise 6.11 Read the headlines in the text and say what it is about

What Is Engineering?

In general, engineering is a science that deals with design, construction and operation of structures, machines, engines and other devices. An engineer is a person who has received technical education and has a basic knowledge of other engineering fields, because most engineering problems are complex and interrelated. The term engineering is difficult to translate into Russian because it has a lot of meanings. Most often it is translated as: инженерное дело, техника, машиностроение, строительство. There exist some branches of engineering: civil engineering, mechanical engineering, electric and electronic engineering, electric power and machinery engineering, communications and control engineering, aeronautical and aerospace engineering, naval engineering, chemical engineering, nuclear engineering, safety engineering.

As for me, I am going to be a …

Mechanical Engineering

Engineers in the field of mechanical engineering design, test, build, and operate machinery of all types. The field is divided into:

1. Machine-tools, mechanisms, materials, hydraulics and pneumatics

2. Heat as applied to engines, work and energy, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning.

A mechanical engineer must be trained in mechanics and hydraulics, metallurgy and machine design. A mechanical engineer designs not only the machines that make products but the products themselves.

Electrical and Electronics Engineering

This is the widest field of engineering, concerned with systems and devices that use electric power and signals. Among the most important subjects in the field are electric power and machinery, electronic circuits, control systems, computer design, superconductors, solid-state electronics, robotics, laser, radar, consumer electronics, and fibre optics.

Electrical engineering can be divided into four main branches: electric power and machinery, electronics, communication and control, and computers.

Communication systems and control systems are widely used in aircraft and ships, in power transmission and distribution, in automated manufacturing and robotics.

Major developments in this field are the replacement of analogue systems with digital systems and copper cables with fibre optics. Digital systems lower electrical noise. Fibre optics lowers interference, has large carrying capacity, and is extremely light and inexpensive to manufacture.

Naval Engineering

Naval architects are engineers who design and supervise the construction of ships. Ships must be designed and built so that they are safe, stable, strong, and fast enough to perform the type of work intended for them. A naval architect must be familiar with the variety of techniques of modern shipbuilding.

Marine engineering is a special branch of mechanical engineering devoted to the design and operation of systems, both mechanical and electrical, needed to propel a ship. Engineers in this field develop diesel engines and steam turbines and provide enough power to move the ship at the required speed.

Safety Engineering

This field of engineering has as its object the prevention of accidents. Safety engineers develop methods and procedures to safeguard workers of hazardous occupations. They also assist in designing machinery, factories, ships, and roads, suggesting alterations and improvements to reduce accidents.

Exercise 6.12 Read and translate the text “What Is Engineering?” using the vocabulary

Vocabulary

to deal with design operation engine device to receive term meaning to apply circuit consumer fibre to divide to transmit transmission to distribute distribution to manufacture to concern сonductor superconductor branch replacement copper interference naval supervise stable intended familiar to devote to propel an accident to assist to suggest to improve improvement to reduce

иметь дело с дизайн, конструкция, проект управлять, эксплуатировать двигатель устройство, прибор получать термин, выражение значение применять цепь потребитель волокно делить передавать передача распределять распределение производить касаться, быть связанным проводник сверхпроводник отрасль, ветвь замена медь помехи флотский, военно-морской контролировать, руководить, следить за устойчивый, прочный предназначенный знакомый посвящать, уделять внимание приводить в движение, продвигать несчастный случай, авария помогать предлагать улучшать улучшение сокращать, уменьшать

Exercise 6.13 Find the equivalents for the following Russian expressions

Эксплуатация сооружений; тепло для двигателей; системы управления; твердотельная электроника; бытовая электроника; передача и распределение мощности; пропускная способность; разнообразие методов; морская техника; обеспечивать достаточную мощность; с требуемой скоростью; защищать работников опасных профессий; предлагать изменения

Exercise 6.14 Use the verbs to be or to have in a proper form according to the meaning of the sentences

1. The term engineering … difficult to translate into Russian. 2. The term “engineering” … a lot of meanings. 3. An engineer … a basic knowledge of different engineering fields. 4. Most engineering problems … complex and interrelated. 5. I … a marine engineer. 6. A mechanical engineer must … trained in mechanics and hydraulics, metallurgy and machine design. 7. Among the most important subjects in the field … electric power and machinery, electronic circuits etc. 8. Major developments in this field … the replacement of analogue systems with digital systems. 9. Digital systems … large carrying capacity. 10. Digital system … extremely light and inexpensive to manufacture. 11. Safety engineering … as its object the prevention of accidents.

Exercise 6.15 Put General and all possible Special questions to the following sentences

1. A mechanical engineer designs the machines. 2. Engineers in the field of mechanical engineering design, test, build, and operate machinery of all types. 3. Digital systems lower electrical noise. 4. Fibre optics (отрасль науки) lowers interference. 5. These ships are safe, stable and strong. 6. Marine engineers in this field develop diesel engines and steam turbines. 7. Marine engineers provide enough power to move the ship at the required speed. 8. Safety engineers develop methods and procedures to safeguard workers of hazardous occupations.

Exercise 6.16 Answer the questions

1. What does engineering as a science deal with?

2. Why should an engineer have technical education and basic knowledge of different engineering fields?

3. Does the term engineering have only one meaning?

4. What branches of engineering do you know?

5. What do engineers in the field of mechanical engineering do?

6. What fields is mechanical engineering divided into?

7. What is the widest field of engineering?

8. What are the most important subjects in the field of electrical and electronics engineering?

9. What four main branches can electrical engineering be divided into?

10. Where are communication systems and control systems widely used?

11. What are major developments in this field at present?

12. What is digital systems advantage?

13. What are fibre optics advantages?

14. Who are naval architects?

15. How must ships be designed and built?

16. What is marine engineering?

17. What do engineers in the field of marine engineering do?

18. What is the object of safety engineering?

19. What methods and procedures do safety engineers develop?

20. How do safety engineers assist engineers of other fields?

Unit 7 HOBBIES AND LEISURE TIME

Exercise 7.1 Study the new vocabulary. Write down the new words in your note-books

Vocabulary

to entertain to amuse oneself to arrange to get bored to get rid of to surf the Internet to offer an opportunity gossip concern harm to occupy

развлекать забавляться организовать, устроить заскучать избавиться путешествовать по интернету предлагать благоприятная возможность слухи, сплетни забота, беспокойство вред занимать, захватывать

Exercise 7.2 Form new nouns with the suffix – dom and translate them into Russian

bore – скучный free wise king fan earl official

– dom

boredom - скука

Exercise 7.3 Read the text and answer the questions after it

Hobby and Free Time

As a rule, in their free time people like to entertain or amuse themselves. They can arrange a party or go out, for example, go to a disco or some club. Generally they do it to have fun or to have a good time.

When people have nothing to do they easily get bored. As a rule, boredom is an awful state which can lead to depression. That is why it is necessary to get yourself occupied.

Nowadays the most common activity to get rid of boredom is surfing the Internet. This mass media offers a lot of opportunities for entertainment.  Socializing in social networks is the most popular activity not only for the young but also for the grown-ups. Using the Internet helps you to kill your time browsing, sharing your pictures in Instagram or chatting with «friends». Gossips or «yellow press» (tabloids) do you more harm than good as they make your brain work in the wrong direction.

Well, sometimes concerned parents try to make their children be occupied all time. That is why schoolchildren don’t have much free time. But if they have, they usually spend it indoors playing computer games or chatting in the net. They can do it for hours. Some years ago people have a lot of hobbies. Have a look at the list of hobbies of your parents.

Questions

1. What is the most popular hobby nowadays?

2. What do you enjoy doing in your free time?

3. Do you prefer spending your free time with your friends or alone? Why?

4. What would you do if you had more free time?

Exercise 7.4 Fill in the table with different hobbies in accordance with the types of activities

Surfing, going shopping, scuba diving, playing video games, skiing, sunbathing, surfing the Internet, building sand castles, hiking, swimming, horse riding, having a picnic, bungee jumping, rollerblading, cycling, snowboarding, bird watching, watching TV, eating out, playing chess, skating

Indoor	Outdoor in summer	Outdoor in winter	Outdoor all year round

Exercise 7.5 Choose a suitable word to fill in the blanks

1. Hobbies and Pastimes

1. They _______all day swimming and sunbathing at the beach. (used, spent, occupied)

2. Some years ago she got interested _____ sewing and knitting. (in, at, of)

3. Johnny very much likes putting together the pieces of a ______ (puzzle, crossword, mosaic).

4. Kate goes jogging every morning to keep________ (exercised, trained, fit).

5. I’m afraid I don’t find volleyball________ (interested, very interesting, of any interest).

6. Collecting matchbox labels is Brenda’s favourite_________ (leisure, business, pastime).

7. People get bored when I talk about my stamp __________ (album, collection, collecting).

8. Bring your racket and I will meet you at the tennis_____ (field, gym, court).

9. She _________aerobics (goes in for, trains, takes).

10. Have you ever _______in winter sports? (played, done, taken part)

11. Clare has been keen (on, at, about) _________flower arranging since she was ten years old.

12. Playing computer games is the most popular hobby (among, with, about)  ________young people.

1. Hobbies and Pastimes

1. Recently he has decide to (start, take up, take)_________photography as a hobby.

2. I’m afraid Julia haven’t the patience for  (doing, making, getting) _________ a model.

3. My parents made me (give up, take up, go off) ____________ base-jumping as they thought it was too dangerous.

4. Embroidery is an excellent way to fill my (idle, freedom, leisure) __________ time.

5. Parachuting is a dangerous  (vocation, calling, occupation)_________.

6. Kate enjoyed (riding, going by, sitting on)  __________the horse but found it hard to get off.

7. Our school teacher wanted to (stimulate, assure, encourage)_________us to become interested in a variety of different hobbies.

Exercise 7.6 Act out a dialogue with your friend who you are going to spend a weekend by nature. Your camera is broken but you need to take pictures for a portfolio.

• Ask him if he (she) has a camera that he (she) can lend you for a day. Explain why

• Answer your friend’s questions about pictures you usually take

• Answer your friend’s questions if it is popular with his (her) friends to take pictures and make videos

• Arrange a date and a place to meet

Exercise 7.7 Read the dialogues and translate them

A Visit to the Cinema

Martin: Lucy, let’s go to the cinema. I know there is something interesting on.

Lucy: Ok. I don’t mind. But what’s on?

Martin: One of my colleagues told me they saw Woody Allen's new film called "Midnight in Paris" and it was really good.

Lucy: I like this director's films. We should go.

Martin: Great! I'll book the tickets by phone for us then and in the evening we can go.

Lucy: One question! Do you know what the film is about or who plays the leading part?

Martin: I don't know about the actors but the story is about one writer. He wants to write an outstanding book. While he is in Paris with his girlfriend, at midnight he meets very interesting people. They give him lots of interesting ideas for his book.

Lucy: But who are these people?

Martin: You won't believe it! One of them is Salvador Dali, the other is Ernest Hemingway, and some other famous people from the past.

Lucy: Sounds interesting! But they all lived a long time ago.

Martin: Yes, you are right. The story is a fiction. They are all in the leading hero's imagination, I guess.

Lucy: I see. Anyway, it should be an exciting film.

Martin: I think so too. By the way, which seats do you prefer?

Lucy: I prefer seating in the middle. It's not too far from the screen and too close.

Martin: Ok, I will keep it in mind.

Before the film start

Martin: Do you want some popcorn, Lucy?

Lucy: Yes, I love popcorn at the cinema.

Martin: Salted or sweet?

Lucy: Salted, please.

Martin: Here you go. Anything to drink?

Lucy: I'll have a regular Coke.

Martin: Ok. One Coke and one Sprtite, please.

Lucy: Ready to go?

Martin: Yes, which way is "Midnight in Paris"?

Lucy: It's this way, Martin. Follow me.

After the film is over

Martin: What did you think of it?

Lucy: It was quite interesting and educational I'd say.

Martin: Yes, but the ending was a bit weird.

Lucy: I agree. But in general the film was good. The actors were perfect, the plot was intricate. I think I like it. Thank for taking me with you.

Martin: You're welcome. I'm glad you liked it.

Exercise 7.8 Match the expressions in English and Russian in the both columns

there is something interesting on I don’t mind this director's moovies book the tickets the leading part a fiction the leading hero imagination exciting to keep in mind in general a bit weird an intricate plot

заказывать билеты немного странный главный герой запутанный (сложный) сюжет там идёт (показывают) кое-что интересное в общем запомнить не возражать воображение фильмы этого режиссёра главная роль захватывающий вымысел, фантастика

Exercise 7.9 Make up 3 dialogues of the four phrases each. Use the phrases below

1

A. You don’t mean to say it’s not tasty, do you?

B. Help yourself to some more salad.

C. By no means, Liz! I enjoy it very much.

D. I don’t think I’ll have any more, thank you.

2

1. Let’s take some salad, soup, fish with boiled potatoes.

2. What shall we have for dinner?

3. I think a glass of apple juice will be just the thing for dessert.

4. And what about sweet?

3

1. Don’t you know yourself? At dinner break.

2. When do you usually have your dinner, Max?

3. No, I mean here, at work.

4. Well, that depends. At home I have it at six.

Exercise 7.10 Translate the missed phrases in the dialogues and fill in the gaps in writing

1

Do you like …, Mrs. Price? Yes, I … . Do you want … cup? Yes, please, Mrs. Young. … you … sugar? Yes, please. Do you want … milk? No, … .I don’t like … in my … . I like black coffee. … you like biscuits? Yes, I … . Do you want … ? Yes, …

- Вы любите кофе, миссис Прайс? - Да, люблю. - Не хотите ли чашечку? - Да, с удовольствием, миссис Янг. - Вам с сахаром, - Да, пожалуйста. - А молоко вам нужно? - Нет, спасибо. Я не люблю кофе с молоком. Я люблю чёрный кофе. - А печенье вы любите? - Да, люблю. - Не хотите ли одно? - Да, пожалуйста.

2

- Hello, Peggy! Where is Tom? - He’s upstairs. He’s … a bath. Tom! - Yes! - John’s … - I’m nearly ready. Hello, John. - - Have a cigarette. - No, thanks, Tom. - Have a … of … then. - OK. Thanks. - … dinner ready, Peggy? - It’s … ready. We can … dinner at seven o’clock. - John and I … together today. We … to a … . - What did you … ? - We had … and … . - Oh! - … the matter, Peggy? - Well, …’re going to have roast beef and potatoes … tonight!

- Привет, Пегги! А где Том? - Он наверху. Принимает ванну. Том! - Да? - Джон пришёл. - Я почти готов. Добрый день, Джон. Угощайся сигаретой. - Нет, спасибо, Том. - Ну, тогда стакан сока? - Хорошо, спасибо. - Ужин готов, Пегги? - Почти готов. Мы можем поужинать в семь. - Мы с Джоном сегодня вместе обедали. Мы ходили в ресторан. - Что вы ели? - Мы ели ростбиф с картофелем. - Ой! - Что случилось, Пегги? - Ну, сегодня вечером вам снова придётся есть ростбиф с картофелем.

Exercise 7.11 Comment and write on the following situation

Your friends from Britain have come to your place as you promise them a traditional Russian dinner.

Write a conversation at the table at which your friends ask questions about food, and you tell them everything you know about food.

Exercise 7.12 Read a joke and retell it

Driving with Penguins

A man was driving down the road with twenty penguins in the back seat. The police stop him and say that he can’t drive around with the penguins in the car and should take them to the zoo. The man agrees and drives off.

The next day the same man is driving down the road with twenty penguins in the back and again he is stopped by the same police officer who says, “Hey! I thought I told you to take those to the zoo.” The man replies, “I did. Today I’m taking them to the movies.”

Unit 8 GOING ABOUT THE CITY

Exercise 8.1 Form nouns in Plural form of the given nouns in Singular form

Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
a city a mouth an office a nationality an inhabitant a sky-scraper a cargo		a business a district a life a country a church a branch a gallery

Exercise 8.2 Fill in the table with the missed forms of the adjectives in different Degrees of Comparison

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
- - ancient young - famous great - -	- - - - - - - - busier	the largest the biggest - - the oldest - - the most important - the longest

Exercise 8.3 Read and translate the text

New York

New York is the largest city in the USA and the biggest seaport. It is the business centre of the United States. New York is situated in the mouth of the Hudson River. In comparison with such ancient historical cities as, say, Rome, London, Moscow or Paris, New York is quite young. It was founded in 1613 by Dutch settlers.

There are five districts (boroughs) in the city: Manhattan, the Bronx, Queens, Brooklyn and Richmond. Manhattan is the central and the oldest part of the city. It is the district of business and finance. It is here in Wall Street that many business offices, banks and the world famous New York stock exchange are situated. The New York stock exchange dominates business life of many countries.

The total area of New York is 365 square miles or 900 square kilometres. Its population together with the population of its suburbs amounts to 16 million people. Among the inhabitants of New York one can meet people of almost all nationalities. They settled here during the immigration in the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th century.

A traveller who visits New York for the first time wonders at the modern architecture. The Statue of Liberty, which is on Liberty Island, was a present from France in 1876 on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of American independence. This statue and a few 18th and 19th century churches, hospitals, newspaper offices and other buildings are the only examples of "old" architecture in New York. Wherever your eyes travel, everywhere you can see sky-scrapers.

New York, one of the USA leading manufacturing cities, is the home of great firms and banks. The most important branches of industry are those producing vehicles, glass, chemicals and all kinds of machinery. The city has very busy traffic. Its streets and highways are full of cars and buses. The mouth of the Hudson River makes an excellent harbour for numerous passengers and cargo ships from all over the world. Speaking about New York one can't but mention the outstanding role the city plays in the cultural life of the country.

New York has many museums and art galleries which have collected works of art of many peoples and of all times. Many of them are on constant display in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Whitney Museum of Art. Most of the theatres and cinemas are in or near Broadway, the longest street and the biggest shopping district in New York. The Metropolitan and Modern Arts Museums attract many visitors.

Vocabulary

to be founded Dutch settlers stock exchange the total area suburbs to amount to to settle to wonder at smth. sky-scrapers vehicle highway harbour cargo ships to be on constant display

быть основанным датские поселенцы биржа  общая площадь  пригороды  составлять поселиться любоваться чем-либо небоскребы автомобиль, колёсный транспорт, средство передвижения автострада пристань грузовые корабли постоянно экспонироваться

Exercise 8.4 Fill in the gaps with the appropriate form of the verbs to be or to have

1. New York ... the biggest seaport in the USA. 2. New York ... quite young. It ... founded in 1613 by Dutch settlers. 3. There ... five boroughs in the city. 4. Many business offices, banks and the world famous New York stock exchange ... situated in Wall Street. 5. New York ... many museums and art galleries 6.The Statue of Liberty ... a present from France in 1876. 7. This statue and a few 18th and 19th century churches, hospitals, newspaper offices and other buildings ... the only examples of "old" architecture. 8. The most important branches of industry ... those producing vehicles, glass, chemicals and all kinds of machinery. 9. The city ... very busy traffic. 10. The streets and highways of New York ... full of cars and buses. 11. Most of the theatres and cinemas ... in Broadway.

Exercise 8.5 Match the dates in the left hand column with the facts in the right hand column

1613 365 16 900 1876

the total population of the city with its suburbs in million people the total area of the city in square kilometers New York was founded on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of American independence the Statue of Liberty was presented the total area of the city in square miles

Exercise 8.6 Put General and all possible Special questions to the sentences

1. New York total population amounts to 16 million people.

2. They settled here during the immigration in the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th century.

3. The Metropolitan and Modern Arts Museums attract many visitors.

Exercise 8.7 Answer the questions

1. What is the largest city in the USA?

2. Where is New York situated?

3. When was the city founded?

4. How many districts are there in New York?

5. What is the central and the oldest part of New York?

6. In which district are many offices situated?

7. What is the population of New York?

8. People of how many nationalities live in the city?

9. What does a traveller who comes to New York for the first time wonder at?

10. How and when did the Statue of Liberty appear in New York?

11. Which industries are situated in New York?

12. What is situated in the mouth of the Hudson River?

13. What are the names of art museums situated in New York?

14. In what street are most of the theatres and cinemas situated?

Exercise 8.8 Read the dialogues in pairs and translate them. Learn the dialogues by heart

1

• Excuse me, how can I get to the University?

• You’d better go by Metro there.

• And where is the metro station?

• Go down the street two blocks straight ahead and you’ll see the dtation.

• Thank you very much.

• Not at all.

2

• Excuse me, where is the Metropolitan Museum of Art, please?

• Over there, on the left.

• Oh, I see. Thank you very much. Good-bye.

• Good-bye. Have a nice day.

• Thank you.

3

• I beg your pardon, is this the right way to Hyde Park Corner?

• To Hyde Park Corner? Let me see... No, you must turn right at the first traffic lights. Then keep straight on till you come to Oxford Street. Oxford Street leads to Hyde Park Corner.

• Is it very far?

• About 15 minutes. But you can take a bus, too. There’s a bus stop over there. Hyde Park Corner is the second or third stop from here.

• Well, I think I can walk. Thank you very much.

• That’s all right.

4

• Excuse me.

• Yes.

• I’m lost. Is this way to Brighton?

• No, I’m afraid it isn’t. You are going the wrong way. This is the Portsmouth Road.

• Oh, can you tell me the way to Brighton?

• Yes, turn round and go back to the roundabout (кольцо). Take the exit A272. You’ll see signposts (указатели) to Brighton from there.

5

• Is it your first visit to New York?

• Yes. And unfortunately I haven’t got much time.

• So what are you going to do while you are here?

• Well, I don’t know much about New York, you know. Just the Empire State building and the Statue of Liberty.

• You’ve just got two days, haven’t you? You are going to be pretty busy if you want to see all the sights.

• I’m planning to start early tomorrow morning. What should I do first?

• I think you should start with the Empire State building. It’s not the highest building now, but the view is just beautiful in the morning, when it’s clear and fresh. You have to do that.

• It sounds great. I’ll definitely do that. Tell me, which is the highest building now?

• The World Trade Centre building. But you should go there at night for the view – there’s a bar up there and you can relax and look at the lights of the city. It’s wonderful.

• All right.

6

• What else do you recommend?

• Well, it depends what you like - art, shopping, theatre?

• Well, not shopping particularly. But I'd like to see an art gallery or two.

• Oh, then you must go to the Met - the Metropolitan Museum of Art, which is just enormous. You could spend two days there. That's by Central Park, so you can take a walk through Central Park at the same time.

• All right.

• And if you like art galleries, there's the Guggenheim, the Museum of Modern Art.

7

• What about the Statue of Liberty? I must see the Statue of Liberty.

• Well, there are different ways to do that. You can take a tour. During stops you can get out and climb up to the top. Or the cheap way is just to take the regular Statten Inland ferry - that's not a tourist boat, so it doesn't stop - but it passes right by.

• No, I think I'll be a tourist and climb up to the top.

• All right. Well, there's another interesting trip in the same area - to Ellis Island. There's a big museum all about the immigrants who arrived there.

• Yes, I'd like to do that too!

• Sure, but you are going to be pretty busy. You won't be able to do that on the same day as the Met. It's a long way, you know.

• Really? How far is it?

• Five or six miles at least.

• Is it! I've got no idea where these places are. Have you got a map, perhaps?

• Sure. I'll go and get it, and you can plan your route.

Exercise 8.9 Develop the following situation. Make a dialogue of your own

1. Imagine that you are visiting New York. Your partner lives in New York. Discuss advantages and disadvantages of living in big cities like New York.

2. Practice a conversation with a foreigner in the centre of your native city. The foreigner would like to visit the most important and beautiful places in the city. What would you advise him/ her? Show him/ her the way there. Discuss how much time can it take to get there.

Exercise 8.10 Match announcements with the places where they can be met

a. b. c.

Victoria Line

Southbound

10.55 EDINBURGH

Calling at

York

Newcastle

UNDER 18s

WILL NOT

BE SERVED

FOREIGN EXCHANGE

d. e. f.

Afternoon Tea Served

please have the EXACT fare ready

g. h. i.

EEC Passport

Holders Only

engaged

keep your distance

j. k. l.

NO CYCLING ON

THE FOOTPATHS

OUT OF ORDER

Please do not

feed the animals

m.

QUEUE

THIS SIDE

PLEASE

1 a bank - 8 a park -

2 outside cinema - 9 a Zoo -

3 a drinks machine - 10 a hotel-

4 a bus - 11 a railway station -

5 an airport - 12 a public toilet -

6 a pub - 13 a motorway -

7 The Underground -

Unit 9 SHOPPING

Exercise 9.1 Fill in the table with the words below according to the rules of reading

Тип слога буква	I	II	III	IV
a	[ei]	[ æ ]	[ a: ]	[ ɛə ]
e	[ i: ]	[ е ]	[ ɜ: ]	[ iə ]
i (y)	[ai]	[ i ]	[ ɜ: ]	[ ɑiə ]
o	[ou]	[ ɔ ]	[ ɔ: ]	[ ɔ: ]
u	[ u ] [ u: ]	[ Λ ]	[ ɜ: ]	[ juə ]

Shop, when, go, sir, sold, we, can, fur, see, this, place, or, that, big, service, customer, stuff, milk, take, up, desk, laser, sum, price, shirt, pack, tell, much, here, ham, cake, store, fare, department, cure, bakery, hire, item, locate, tune, save, time, person, but, cash, desk

Exercise 9.2 Write three forms of the following irregular verbs

V1	V2	V3

To do, to buy, to go, to sell, to see, to come, to take, to choose, to put, to read, to tell, to pay, to leave, to have

Exercise 9.3 Read and translate the text

Shopping

People do shopping almost every day. When people want to buy something, they go to shops where various goods are sold. Through the shop-window we can see what is sold in this or that shop. Big supermarkets are self-service shop. Customers can buy all the necessary foodstuffs there: bread, milk, meat, fish, grocery, sausages, sweets vegetables and fruit. When customers come into the shop, they take a food basket and choose the products they want to buy. When they put everything they want into the basket they come up to the cashier’s desk. There is a computer with a laser scanner that reads and sums up the prices on packed goods at the cashier’s desk. The saleswoman tells how much to pay. The customers pay the money and leave the shop.

At the grocer’s you can buy sugar, tea, coffee, salt, pepper, ham, bacon, sausages, frankfurters and so on. Bread is sold at the baker’s, meat at the butcher’s. We go to the greengrocer’s for vegetables and fruit. Cakes and sweets are sold at the confectioner’s. When we want to buy clothes, we go to men’s and ladies’ clothes shop. We buy boots and shoes at the footwear shop. We buy jewelry at the jeweler’s. We buy books at the book-seller’s.

Some shops may have many departments. These shops are called department stores or supermarkets. Supermarkets are self-service stores with departments for different food products. Supermarkets sell thousands of food products: meat, fresh fruit and vegetables, dairy products, canned groceries, bakery items, delicatessen items, and frozen foods. Some supermarkets also have seafood and alcohol. The supermarkets are located in shopping centres or malls and along main roads. Supermarkets are popular because they save time, have low prices and variety of products in one place. There you can buy almost everything you need. These shops are called self-service shops because there are no salespersons there but only cashiers at the cash desks. The customers choose the goods they want to buy and pay for them at the cash desk.

Vocabulary

various goods the grocer’s the baker’s the butcher’s the greengrocer’s the confectioner’s footwear shop the jeweler’s cashier bookseller’s salesgirl saleswoman salesman shop assistant to weigh scales self-service mall department store canned sugar frankfurter ham sausage meat dairy bakery items

различный товары бакалейный магазин булочная мясной магазин овощной и фруктовый магазин кондитерский магазин обувной магазин ювелирный магазин кассир книжный продавщица продавщица продавец продавец взвешивать весы самообслуживание торговый центр универмаг консервированный сахар сосиска ветчина колбаса мясо молочные продукты хлебные изделия, выпечка

Exercise 9.4 Revise the Possessive Case of nouns and form word expressions with the following words as in the Model

Model: a basket of a customer – a customer’s basket

a shop of baker; the desk of the cashier; a shop of a grocer; a shop of a greengrocer; a shop of a butcher; a shop of a confectioner; a clothes shop of men and ladies; a shop of a book-seller; a room of salespersons

Exercise 9.5 Fill in the gaps with the necessary prepositions

1. Supermarkets sell thousands … food products. 2. … the shop-window we can see what is sold … this or that shop. 3. When customers come… the shop, they take a food basket. 4. There is a computer … a laser scanner … the cashier’s desk. 5. Bread is sold … the baker’s, meat … the butcher’s. 6. We go … the greengrocer’s … vegetables and fruit. 7. Supermarkets are self-service stores … departments … different food products. 8. The customers pay … goods … the cash desk.

Exercise 9.6 Write true sentences using the given words

1. are, big, shop, self-service, supermarkets

2. can, the, customers, foodstuffs, buy, necessary, there, all

3. with, computer, there, a, laser, is, scanner, a

4. and, the, leave, the, pay, customers, the, money, shop

5. the, boots, we, footwear, buy, and, shoes, shop, at

6. have, some, may, many, shops, departments

7. in, are, the, shopping, supermarkets, located, centres, malls, and, main, along, roads, or

8. the, desk, goods, the, and, at, customers, for, choose, them, the, cash, pay

Exercise 9.7 Answer the questions

1. Do shops play an important role in our life?

2. Where do people go when they want to buy something?

3. What can one see through the shop-window?

4. What can we buy at the grocer’s?

5. What can we buy at the baker’s?

6. What can we buy at the greengrocer’s?

7. What can we buy at the butcher’s?

8. What can we buy at the confectioner’s?

9. What can we buy at the footwear shop?

10. What can we buy at the bookseller’s?

11. Where do the customers pay for the goods at the self-service shops?

12. What is a supermarket?

13. Why are supermarkets popular?

14. Where are supermarkets usually situated?

Exercise 9.8 Read the dialogues in pairs and learn them by heart

1 Buying a Shirt

Customer: I’d like to buy a shirt. Size 14 (48).

Salesperson: What type of shirt are you looking for? A casual or a dress-shirt?

Customer: I’d like a casual shirt.

Salesperson: Here we have a wide selection in your size. What’s your sleeve length?

Customer: I’d like one with short sleeves.

Salesperson: Good. Here we have size 14 short-sleeved casuals. What colour would you like?

Customer: Something in blue and yellow.

Salesperson: How about this one?

Customer: Beautiful! May I try it on?

Salesperson: Certainly. The dressing-rooms are over there.

Customer: I think I’ll take it. It fits perfectly.

Salesperson: Fine. That’ll be & 6.95 with tax. May I show you some ties?

Customer: No, thank you.

2 Buying Fabrics

Salesperson: May I help you?

Customer: I guess so. I’d like to buy some material for a lady’s dress.

Salesperson: Silk, wool, cotton or something synthetic?

Customer: Synthetic, please.

Salesperson: Here we have some cotton-polyester fabrics.

Customer: Are they washable or should be dry-cleaned?

Salesperson: They are machine (hand) washable and permanent press (non-iron).

Customer: How much is this fabric? What’s its width?

Salesperson: It is 45-inch (114 cm) wide and costs two dollars a yard (91 cm).

3 Buying Shoes

Customer: I’d like to buy some casual shoes for summer wear.

Salesperson: O.K. I’ll show you some styles. What size do you take?

Customer: Size 10 (41), I guess.

Salesperson: Try on these shoes, please. They are very “in” this season and come in navy, white and brown.

Customer: Sorry, they are too small. Will you give me a larger size?

Salesperson: Here you are. Do these shoes fit?

Customer: I guess so. I think I’ll take them. How much are they?

4 Buying a Jacket

Salesperson: Can I help you?

Customer: Yes, I’m looking for a jacket for my wife.

Salesperson: Woolen, suede or leather-like?

Customer: Leather-like, please.

Salesperson: What size? Small, medium, large, extra large?

Customer: I think, medium.

Salesperson: What colour would you like?

Customer: Red, please.

5 Buying a Souvenir

Salesperson: May I help you?

Customer: Yes, please. I’m looking for a souvenir.

Salesperson: What about this lighter?

Customer: How much is it? Something about 5 dollars, I guess?

Salesperson: I don’t think so. Let me see. No, it’s 10 dollars.

Customer: Really? It’s too expensive. Will you show me something cheaper?

6 I’m Just Looking

Salesperson: Hello. May I help you?

Customer: No, thanks. I’m just looking.

Salesperson: If I can be of any help to you, just let me know.

Customer: O.K. Thanks again.

7 Returning Something

Salesperson: May I help you?

Customer: Yes, please. I bought these jeans here yesterday and then I found some defects. Look!

Salesperson: Yes, I see. But they were on sale and you can’t return sale goods.

Customer: You’re quite right, but these jeans are defective.

Salesperson: I’m sorry. That’s our policy. Well, I’ll speak to the manager. Wait a moment… O.K., you may exchange your jeans for some others.

Customer: I’d prefer a refund, if that’s possible.

Salesperson: I’m sorry. An exchange is the best I can do for you.

Vocabulary

a shirt a size to look for casual dress a sleeve to try on a tax a tie fabric I guess so silk wool to dry-clean machine washable permanent press (non-iron) width to be “in” navy suede [sweid] leather-like lighter expensive cheap to be on sale to exchange a refund

рубашка размер искать повседневный нарядный рукав примерять налог (в США 6 – 9% от стоимости покупки) галстук ткань Думаю, да шёлк шерсть чистить в химчистке можно стирать в стиральной машине не требует глажки ширина быть в моде тёмно-синий замша кожзаменитель зажигалка дорогой дешёвый быть на распродаже обменять возврат денег

Sorry, could you help me. Where's the cash desk? Do you have a smaller size? Could you wrap it, please? I don't like this one. Can I try it on? Have you got anything at a lower price? Do you have the same but of a different colour? These shoes are tight. I'm just looking.

Certainly. The dressing-rooms are over there. Can I offer you anything else? What can I do for you? Let me think. What about this postcard? If I can be of any help to you, just let me know. That shop assistant will do it for you. Yes, sir. This style goes in white, beige and red wine. This way, please. Take these ones of larger size. What size do you usually take?

Exercise 9.9 Match equivalents in Russian and English in the both columns

Exercise 9.10 Role play: add words and word expressions to complete the dialogues and act them with your partner

Role A: Shopper
Role B: Clerk

1 The Clothing Shop

B: Hi! Welcome to the Clothes Shop! Can I help you find anything?

A: Yes, I’m looking for (clothes item). Where do you have them?

B: They are all over there. What (style/color) are you looking for?

A: I am looking for (your choice). Do you have anything like that?

B: No, I’m sorry but we’re all out of that. Is there anything else you may like?

A: Yes. Do you have (different clothes item) in (size)?

B: Yes, what color would you like?

A: Do you have (product) in (favorite color)?

B: Yes, how about this one/these?

A: Wonderful! How much is it/are they?

B: It’s/They’re $49.99

A: Can I pay with a MasterCard?

B: Yes, we accept all major credit cards.

A: Excellent, thank you!

2 The Electronics Shop

A: Hi! Welcome to ElectroShop!

B: Excuse me, do you have any (electronic product)?

A: Yes, what kind of (electronic product) are you looking for?

B: Do you have any (brand name) (electronic products)?

A: Yes, we have many. They’re all here.

B: I like this one. Can this one (verb)?

A: Not this one, but this one can.

B: Does this work with the older models?

A: Yes, it works with all models.

B: I like this one. Can I use this in (home country)?

A: Yes, these work all over the world.

B: Excellent, thank you! Where do I pay?

A: You’re welcome. You can pay in the front.

3 The General Store

A: Excuse me, where is the (product) department?

B: It is over there to the left.

A: Do you have any (general products)?

B: It depends. What kind of (general product) are you looking for?

A: I want a (size), (color), (general product). Where can I find them?

B: Ah yes, we have those. Let me show you.

A: Perfect, can I pay with (your home country’s currency)?

B: Sorry, but we only accept US Dollars.

A: Not a problem. Can I return this if there is a problem?

B: Yes, you can refund it before 15 days.

A: Okay, thank you very much.

B: No problem.

Unit 10 HEALTHY WAY OF LIFE

Exercise 10.1 Write down the new words in your vocabularies

spectator amateur soccer[sokə] picture watch an example to play against team important

зритель, наблюдатель любительский футбол портрет наблюдатель пример играть против команда важный

Exercise 10.2 Read the text and give the title for each paragraph

Sports in Great Britain

The British have a reputation of being mad about sports. In fact they like watching sports more than playing them. The British are spectators and the most popular spectator sports are cricket and football.

Football is the most popular game. Football, or soccer, is an example of a professional game. The game of football was first played in Britain, and later people began to play football in other countries.

There are many amateur soccer players in Britain who play the game on Saturday or Sunday afternoon. Amateur clubs often play against professionals.

Almost every school has its football team and every boy in Britain knows a lot about the game. He can tell you the names of the players in the most popular teams. He has pictures of them and knows the results of many matches.

Rugby is another popular British sport game which is played in other countries. It is also called rugby football. The story is told that in 1823 at Rugby school in England boys were playing football in the normal way, when suddenly one boy picked the ball up and ran with it. That was how a new game was born. There are two forms of rugby football: the amateur game and the professional game. The two games have different rules.

Football is the favourite winter game in Britain and cricket is the favourite summer sport. Amateur cricket has the same rules as the professional game. A typical amateur cricket match takes place on a village green field, an open space in the centre of the village. It is played between two teams — the «home» team and the «visitors» who come from another village.

Exercise 10.3 Translate the word expressions into Russian

to be mad, in fact, to like watching sports, the most popular spectator sports, an example of a professional game, in other countries.

Exercise 10.4 Translate the words expressions into English

любительские клубы, играть против профессионалов, почти каждая школа,

футбольная команда, имена игроков, в большинстве важных команд.

Exercise 10.5 Make the right word combinations using the words from the both columns

1. to know 1 .matches

2. to have 2. boy

3. the results of 3.the game

4. every 4. pictures

5. to play 5. a lot

Exercise 10.6 Finish the sentences

1. Almost every school has its football...

2. Britain knows a lot about...

3. The game of football was first played in ...

Exercise 10.7 Express your agreement or disagreement

1. Football is an example of only amateur game.

2. The British have a reputation for being mad about sports.

3. The most popular spectator sports are cricket and football.

4. In faсt the British like playing sports more than watching them.

5. Football is the most popular game.

6. The game of football was first played in France.

Exercise 10.8 Answer the questions

1. What reputation do the British have?

2. What is the most popular game in Britain?

3. When do amateur soccer players play in Britain?

4. How was rugby football born?

5. What is the British favourite summer sport?

6. How is cricket played?

7. Do you like sports?

8. What sport are you going in for?

Exercise 10.9 Put questions to the underlined words

1. Every boy in Britain knows a lot about football.

2. Every boy knows the results of many matches.

3. Amateur clubs often play against professional clubs.

Exercise 10.10 Make the dialogue of your own about favourite Russian sports according to the sample given below

A: Do you know anything about football?

B: I know a little.

A: Where was the game played first?

B: The game was first played in Britain.

A: When did people begin to play football in other countries?

B: They began to play football later in other countries.

A: What are the most popular spectator sports?

B: The most popular spectator sports are cricket and football.

A: What is an example of a professional game?

B: Football is an example of a professional game.

A: Does every school have its football team?

B: Almost every school has its football team.

Exercise 10.11 Imagine you are a participant of a competition in Great Britain. Meet a new friend who goes in for sports too. Make a dialogue of your own according to the sample given below. Change underlined words and word expressions

A Sample Dialogue

Sportsmen and Spectators

David: How do you do? I’m David from Briton. And you?

Alex: How do you do? My name’s Alex. I’m from St. Petersburg. Nice to meet you.

David: Nice to meet you too. Are you going to Britain on business?

Alex: Oh, no. I’m going to take part in European Championship in tennis.

David: Are you a tennis player? Ah, that’s why you look so fit and energetic.

Alex: Yes, I practice tennis every day, and I really enjoy it. And what about you?

David: As for me, I’m a good swimmer and runner, but I don’t like to participate in any team. Independent physical exercises help me have a healthy mind in a healthy body.

Alex: I agree with you, but I’m sure that only sports competitions make a person more organized and disciplined and really strong.

Exercise 10.12 Make up questions to the given answers to complete the dialogue

A.: _________________ B.: I am going to my school gym.

A.: _________________ B.: I’ll have my training there.

A.: _________________ B.: I have my training every other day.

A.: _________________ B.: Oleg is my coach.

A.: _________________ B.: He is very good at swimming. Last year he

_________________ was a champion.

A.: _________________ B.: Of course, I do.

A.: _________________ B.: Certainly, you may come if you wish.

A.: _________________ B.: I hope so.

Exercise 10.13 Write down in your vocabulary and try to remember the new words

Vocabulary

nutrients nutritional value carbohydrates fat saturated fats unprocessed fats to hide (hid, hidden) crisps tuna additive fertilizers food chain a rumour сancer magined fear taste advertising income a lack of knowledge

питательное вещество питательная ценность углеводы жиры жиры с высоким содержанием насыщенных жирных кислот необработанные жиры прятать хрустящий картофель, чипсы тунец добавка химические удобрения пищевая цепочка молва, слух рак (онкология) надуманный страх вкус реклама доход недостаток знаний

Exercise 10.14 Read the text. What problem do you think is raised in the text? Define the main idea of the text

Healthy Food

All food is made up of nutrients which our bodies use. There are different kinds of nutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals. Different foods contain different nutrients.

Before we cut down on fat, sugar and salt, we have to know a bit more about the kind of food these things might be in. The biggest problem comes when these things are hidden in other foods: biscuits, crisps, sausages, meat pies, soft drinks and so on. The best way is to get into the habit of checking the ingredients and nutritional value on the sides of packets although this isn't always easy to do. Another thing to know is, for example, that we do need fat to live, it's an essential part of our diet and physically we couldn't exist without it. But we all know that to eat much fat is bad for our health. The matter is that there are different kinds of fat. There are fats that are good for us and fats that are bad for us. Eating less of the bad ones and more of the good ones can actually help us to live longer! Bad fats are the saturated fats, found in animal productions, like red meat, butter and cheese.

Friendly fats are the unprocessed fats found naturally in foods like nuts and seeds, olives, avocados and oily fish, including tuna.

One more thing to know is that when food is cooked, its structure changes. It can change the vitamin and nutrient contents of food.

More and more people feel strongly about the way, their food is produced. Nowadays so much of the basic food we eat — meat, fish, fruit and vegetables — is grown using chemicals and additives. Although fertilizers and pesticides have greatly increased the quantity of food and helped to improve its appearance, there is a growing concern about the effects of these chemicals in the food chain. This concern has led to a growth in the demand for organically grown products.

Today there is another problem. It is modified food, which is cheaper that ordinary one. There is a rumour that such food can cause cancer and other problems. Nobody knows, either it is just an imagined fear or a real problem. This problem could be solved and examined, but it will take some time.

The food we eat, depends on lots of things. Taste is a big factor. Culture, religion and health also play a part in what food we eat. Advertising and social factors also have a big influence.

Income is also an important factor. That is why not surprisingly, money, rather than a lack of knowledge about how to eat well, is at the heart of the problem.

Finally, there are three main messages to follow for healthy eating:

First, we should eat less fat, particularly saturated fat. Secondly, we are to cut down on sugar and salt. Thirdly, we must eat more fresh fruit and vegetables.

Exercise 10.15 Answer the questions

1. What nutrients do you know?

2. What are the main things to know about the food we eat?

3. What fats are good?

4. What fats are dangerous for our health?

5. What are the main factors that determine the food w eat?

6. What are three main messages to follow for healthy eating?

Exercise 10.16 Think and tell about your eating habits

• Does your family buy much food?

• Do you sometimes throw it away?

• How much of it do you waste?

• Why is it important for the environment not to waste food?

Exercise 10.17 Put the instructions for the recipe of a tuna sandwich in the correct order

Serve four. Time needed: 15 minutes.

Ingredients: 175 g tin of tuna; 125 g cheese; 1 banana; 200 g mayonnaise; salt and pepper.

a) Mix all the ingredients together.

b) Cut the banana in pieces and put them in the bowl.

c) Open the tin of tuna.

d) Grate the cheese and add it to the tuna.

e) Put the tuna in a bowl and break it up with a fork.

f) Put the mixture on a piece of bread or a roll. It is ready to eat!

g) Mix the mayonnaise with the tuna and cheese.

Exercise 10.18 Think of and suggest your own instructions of making a healthy and tasty dish in writing. Prepare your instruction for your Portfolio

СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

1. Агабекян И. П., Английский для ссузов : учебное пособие / И. П. Агабекян. – М. : Проспект, 2015. – 288 с.

2. Афанасьева О. В., Дули Д., Михеева И. В. и др. [Текст] : учеб.для общеобразоват. Организаций с прил. на электрон.носителе: базовый уровень 10 кл./ О. В. Афанасьева, Д. Дули, И. В. Михеева. – М.:ExpressPublishing: Просвещение, 2014. – 248с.: ил. – (Английский в фокусе)

3. Афанасьева О. В., Дули Д., Михеева И. В. и др. [Текст] : учеб.для общеобразоват. Организаций с прил. на электрон.носителе: базовый уровень 11 кл./ О. В. Афанасьева, Д. Дули, И. В. Михеева. – М.:ExpressPublishing: Просвещение, 2014. – 248с.: ил. – (Английский в фокусе)

4. КарповаТ.А. English for Colleges. Английский язык для колледжей / Т.А. Карпова - Кнорус, 2015.

5. Нарочная Е. Б. Английский язык для технических направлений: учебник / Е. Б. Нарочная, Г. В. Шевцова, Л. Е. Москалец. – М. : КНОРУС, 2015. – 400 с.

Электронные ресурсы

1. Сайт для изучающих английский язык, студентов и преподавателей вузов – Режим доступа: http://study-english.info

2. Изучение английского языка онлайн – Режим доступа: http://www.lovelylanguage.ru

3. Learning English – BBC – Режим доступа: https://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/

4. Сайт для изучающих английский язык, студентов и преподавателей вузов – Режим доступа: https://www.fluentu.com/

Наталья Владимировна Сухарева

ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК

Практикум

для студентов 1 курса

профиля: технического

очной формы обучения

Судомеханический техникум ФГБОУ ВО «Керченский государственный морской технологический университет»

298309 г. Керчь, Орджоникидзе, 123