Презентация по страноведению "Шотландия"

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воnnie

Scotland!

The patron saint of Scotland is St. Andrew .

The national motto:

«Nemo mi impune lacessit».

Scotland ( Alba )

Scotland  is the state, part of the UK. Scotland is  situated in the northern part of Britain it takes 30% of its territory. In the south it  borders  with England. Scotland was founded in 843, when it combined with bestial kingdom of Dal Riyadh and the Kingdom of the Picts. The first king of Scotland was Kennet I , who ruled from  844  to 859.

Scotland includes the Hebrides off the west coast, and the Orkney and Shetland Islands off the north coast. It is bounded by the North Sea on the east.

Scotland is divided into three regions: the Highlands which is the most northern and the most under populated area, the Lowlands, which is the most industrial region, with about three quarters of the population, and the Southern Uplands, which border on England.

The Highlands of Scotland are among the oldest mountains in the world. They reach their highest point in Ben Nevis (1343m).

The flag of Scotland - the official historical symbol of Scotland, is a blue rectangular flag with a white oblique (St. Andrew's) cross. Aspect ratio is not regulated, usually use cloth 2:3 or 3:5. Width of diagonal stripes, which form an oblique cross, is 1 / 5 of the width of the flag.

Royal Standard of Scotland - also known as the Banner of the King of Scots, or more commonly the Lion Rampant of Scotland, is the Scottish Royal Banner of Arms.

Edinburgh Castle

Princes street garden

The capital of Scotland is Edinburgh. It has been the capital since 15 th century.

The Palace of Holyrood

The largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the UK (after London and Birmingham).

Glasgow

Many valleys between the hills are filled with lakes, called lochs. Loch Lomond is the largest and the most beautiful of all the lochs in Scotland.

The best-known is Loch Ness where some people think a large monster lives. A popular nickname for the Loch Ness Monster is Nessie.

It is the national emblem of Scotland.

THISTLE

The thistle has nothing pleasant in it, especially if you carelessly touch its thorns. Why did the Scottish people choose this thorny plant as the national emblem of their country? The answer can be found in the history. The thistle saved their land from foreign invaders many years ago. People say that during a surprise night by the invaders, the Scottish soldiers were awakened by their shouts as their bare feet touched the thorns of the thistles in the field they were crossing.

KilT

The national dress of Scots is the kilt, which was originally worn by men. It is a skirt with a lot of folds.

The kilt is a relic of the time when the clan system existed in the Highlands. The word “clan” means “family.” Everybody in the clan had the same name , like MacDonald or MacGregor ( “Mac” means “son of” ). It was really like a big family.

The clan had it’s own territory and was ruled by a powerful chief . Each clan had its own tartan. There were battles between different clans but nowadays they live in peace with each other.

Traditionally kilts sew from tartana - woolen fabric weave formed beforehand dyed in different colors, resulting in a rectangular pattern consisting of the same sequence of horizontal and vertical stripes. Currently, there are thousands of different tartans, each of which is now tied or with a specific Scottish clan, or a variety of regions and cities, significant events, there is also a military regimental tartans.

Royal tartan

The wearing of tartans or coloured checks was common in the Highlands before the defeat by the English in 1745.

Originally , the tartan was worn as a single piece of cloth , thrown over the shoulders. Each clan has its own tartan.

The prevailing colours are red, yellow and blue.

The national instrument of Scotland is a bagpipe. It is made of sheepskin. The player fills a leather bag with air by blowing into it and allows the air to come through pipes.

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Golf is the Scottish national sport and it seems to have originated in this country in the XV century

Scottish Highland Games attract a lot of spectators all over the world. The games open and close with colourful ceremonies. The most impressive events at the games are tossing the caber, throwing the hammer, stone put, tug of war (rope pulling). There are also competitions in bagpiping and Scottish dancing.

The 25 th of January is celebrated by Scots all over he world. It is the birthday of Robert Burns, a poet who wrote in the Scottish dialect of English. The festival is called Burns Night. During the festival pipe music is played, national dress is worn, the haggis (a traditional dish) is eaten, many speeches are made. People recite poems of their favourite poet.

Robert Burns

Scotland’s national poet

Robert Louis Stevenson was born in 1850 in Edinburgh . He was a descendant from a wealthy family of Scottish civil engineers . Most of the works for which Stevenson is famous were written during the 1880s. He wrote «Treasure Island»(1881), «New Arabian Nights»(1882), «Prince Otto»(1885), «A Child’s Garden of Verses»(1885), «Kidnapped»(1886), «The Black Arrow»(1888). Robert Louis Stevenson was also the author of several collections of poetry including «Ballads»(1830), «Songs of Travel»(1886)

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle

Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle, DL (22 May 1859 – 7 July 1930) was a Scottish[1] physician and writer, most noted for his stories about the detective Sherlock Holmes, which are generally considered a major innovation in the field of crime fiction, and for the adventures of Professor Challenger. He was a prolific writer whose other works include science fiction stories, historical novels, plays and romances, poetry, and non-fiction.

Hogmanay is the name the Scots give to the last day of the of the year. At midnight there are fireworks and everyone sings “Auld Lang Syne,” a song by Robert Burns. Another tradition is “ The First Foot.” If the first person to enter your house on New Year’s morning is a man with dark hair, who is carrying a piece of coal, you will have good luck in the New Year.

The national Scottish dish is haggis.

It is made from oatmeal, lamb’s lungs, heart and liver, mixed with onion and spices. It is traditionally packed in a sheep’s stomach. It is sewn up and boiled for a few hours. The Scots eat it with potatoes and mashed turnips.

In Scottish folklore the  first-foot is the first person to enter the home of a household on  New Year's Day  and a bringer of good fortune for the coming year.

Although it is acceptable in many places for the first-footer to be a resident of the house, they must not be in the house at the stroke of midnight in order to first-foot (thus going out of the house after midnight and then coming back in to the same house is not considered to be first-footing). It is said to be desirable for the first-foot to be a tall, dark-haired male; a female or fair-haired male are in some places regarded as unlucky.

The first-foot usually brings several gifts, including perhaps a coin (silver is considered good luck), bread, coal.