Практическая работа №17

Практическая работа №17

История образования РФ

В результате проделанной работы вы:

• познакомитесь с английскими местоимениями much – many, little – few, a little – a few и особенностями их употребления;

• вспомните историю образования РФ.

Задание 1: Письменно переведите текст.

Образец оформления: (пишется только перевод)

В июле 1991 года ……..

In July of 1991, President Mikhail Gorbachev and ten other Repulic leaders all met and signed a treaty giving each Republic more self-government. Five more leaders were to sign the treaty on August 20, but on the 19th of the month Communist leaders, led by Boris Yeltsin planned a coup against Gorbachev’s Government. They trapped him and his family in their vacation home but he refused to give in to the demands. While this was going on, protesters held demonstrations and strikes broke out all over the country. The Commuist party was suspended in many republics, including the Russian Federation. A few days after the coup, Gorbachev resigned from the party leadership.

In September 1991 an interim government was set up until a new treaty could be worked out . This government included Gorbachev and the leaders of the other Republics.

On December 8th Russia proclaimed itself the Soviet Union’s successor. Boris Yeltsin and the Presidents of Ukraine and Belarus announced the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States and that the U.S.S.R had no longer existed. The Commonwealth of Independent States was an association of nations that were formerly republics of the Soviet Union. They encouraged all others to join with them. On December 21, eleven republics joined, Armenia, Belarus. Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyztan, Moldova, Russia, Tajistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. Georgia became a member in 1993. The headquarters were located in Minsk, Belarus. Only three republics have yet to join, they are Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.

The C.I.S was created for several reasons, the economies of the former republics were closely linked and most members wanted to keep some economic ties, each member also wanted to guarantee its own territory and Sovereinty, the members also sought to reassure the world that the nuclear weapons of the former Soviet Union were under reliable control. The C.I.S was created to help out new and developing countries.

Although everything seemed to be all right, they did dispute some matters, they originally only wanted to have one military between all republics but it was changed and each had its own, Russia and Ukraine argued over who owned the Black Sea Fleet, another problem was that most of the members wanted to change the currency from the Ruble so each had to create its own. Russia seemed to see the C.I.S as a permanent solution while others feared that if it stayed that way Russia would take over the C.I.S and use that to control all the other republics.

By the end of 1991 the former republics were all in a terrible state. There was a massive and growing debt that would have to be dealt with, Inflation was already one hundred to two hundred percent and growing , there was a shortage of grains, medical supplies and power. There was also the risk that there would be disagreements over the borders and that could lead to more problems.

The soviet peoples were left to face the great task of building a new political and economic order, a process certain to bring more conflicts to be faced and hopefully overcome.

Задание 2. Найдите эквиваленты английских выражений в тексте.

Образец оформления: пишется только английский эквивалент

1. Новый политический и экономический порядок.

2. В ужасном состоянии.

3. Нехватка зерна, медикаментов и питания.

4. Другая проблема была в том.

5. Экономики бывших республик были тесно связаны.

6. Содружество Независимых Государств.

7. Временное правительство.

8. Демонстрации и забастовки по всей стране.

9. Лидеры других республик.

10. Новые и развивающиеся страны.

ГРАММАТИКА

Much – many, little – few, a little – a few

Местоимения little и few могут выступать в качестве как местоимений-прилагательных, так и местоимений-существительных.

Little и few в качестве местоимений-прилагательных имеют значение "мало". Little, как и much, употребляется перед неисчисляемыми существительными, а few, подобно many, — перед исчисляемыми:

I have very little time. У меня очень мало времени.

There is very little ink in the inkpot. В чернильнице очень мало чернил.

Не has few friends. У него мало друзей.

There were very few people there. Там было очень мало народу.

В утвердительных предложениях little и few часто заменяются not much и not many, если только они не определяются одним из следующих слов: very, rather, too, so, as, how.

I haven’t got much time. У меня мало времени.

(вместо: I’ve got little time)

There aren’t many French books in our library. В нашей библиотеке мало французских книг.

(вместо: There are few French books in our library.)

Little употребляется также в качестве прилагательного со значением "маленький, небольшой" и наречия со значением "мало":

I want the little box, not the big one. (прилагательное) Мне нужна маленькая коробка, а не большая.

You rest too little. (наречие) Вы отдыхаете слишком мало.

Little в качестве местоимения-существительного употребляется со значением "мало, немногое", а местоимение few — со значением "немногие":

Little has been said about it. Об этом сказано мало.

Many people were invited but few саmе. Много народу было приглашено,

но немногие пришли.

Little и few могут употребляться с неопределенным артиклем: a little - немного и a few - немного, несколько:

Please give me a little water. Дайте мне, пожалуйста, немного воды.

I have a few books on this subject. У меня есть несколько (не много) книг по этому вопросу.

A little - немного и а few - немного, несколько передают значение некоторое, хотя и небольшое количество, в то время как little и few - мало (недостаточно, почти нет):

I’ve got little time. У меня мало (недостаточно) времени.

I’ve got а little time. У меня есть немного времени.

Не has few friends. У него мало (почти нет) друзей.

Не has a few friends. У него есть несколько друзей.

Неопределенный артикль перед little и few относится не к существительному, определяемому этими местоимениями, а к самим местоимениям, с которыми он составляет смысловое целое: a little - немного, a few - немного, несколько.

Little и few могут употребляться с определенным артиклем — the little со значением "то небольшое количество", а the few — со значением "те несколько, те немногие":

Nearly the whole cargo of wheat has been unloaded today. The little that remains will be unloaded tomorrow morning. Почти весь груз пшеницы был разгружен сегодня. То небольшое количество, которое остается, будет выгружено завтра утром.

Не has read the few English books he has. Он прочел те несколько английских книг, которые у него имеются.

УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ МЕСТОИМЕНИЙ С СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫМИ

Задание 3. Заполните пропуски наиболее подходящим словом:

Образец оформления: 1 – b, 2 – c, 3 – a и т.д.

1. How ______ potatoes shall I buy?

a. much b. many c. few

2. We didn’t take ______ food with us, we hoped to buy some on the way.

a. much b. many c. few

3. I can’t give you ______ advice, I’m quite ignorant of the situation.

a. much b. many c. few

4. This car costs ______ .

a. much b. a lot of c. a lot

5. There were ______ people at the party that I didn’t know.

a. much b. little c. a few

6. There are ______ apples left. We don’t need any more.

a. a little b. a lot of c. few

7. We saw ______ people on the beach yesterday.

a. many b. a lot of c. much

8. Mr. Mannings would like ______ brandy with his coffee.

a. a little b. a few c. much

9. We have got too ______ petrol, we must have the car filled at the nearest gas station.

a. a little b. little c. few

10. Is there enough flour for the cake? – No, there is very______ left, I’m afraid.

a. a little b. little c. few

11. There was so ______ snow last winter.

a. a lot of b. much c. plenty of

12. How ______ spaghetti have we got?

a. much b. many c. few

13. I have never seen so ______ money.

a. much b. many c. few

14. I’m sorry, but we do not have ______ knowledge about the new transit system.

a. much b. many c. few

15. I’m looking for ______ equipment for my office.

a. a little b. a few c. many

16. You are taking too ______ luggage on this vacation.

a. much b. many c. a lot of

17. I don’t hear ______news about Mr. Yates these days.

a. many b. a lot c. much

18. I hope I didn’t cause you too ______ trouble.

a. much b. many c. little

19. Henry was not able to give us ______ information.

a. much b. many c. a lot

20. How ______ fish are there in the bowl?

a. much b. many c. a little

Задание 4. Выберите верное слово: many, few, much или little.

Образец оформления: . 1 – much, 2 - little и т.д.

The capital town of this island is very small and does not have many important buildings. The islanders do not have ______ (1) money, and they have ______ (2) contact with the outside world. There is not ______ (3) chance of the place attracting tourists. The roads aren’t very good. There are lots of bicycles but not ______ (4) cars. There are ______ (5) shops, and there is ______ (6) cultural life.

Критерии оценивания практической работы №17:

Успешность выполнения работы определяется исходя из следующего соответствия:

100 – 90 процентов    -  «5» (отлично)

89 – 80 процентов      -   «4» (хорошо)

79 – 50 процентов    -  «3» (удовлетворительно)

49 – 0 процентов    -  «2» (неудовлетворительно)

Вопросы для самопроверки:

1. С какими существительными употребляется much, little, a little?

2. С какими существительными употребляется many, few, a few?

3. В качестве чего могут выступать вышеперечисленные местоимения?