Практическое занятие № 68
Тема: « Electricity»
Цель: Совершенствование лексико-грамматических навыков по теме.
Активизация лексики по теме в аргументированных высказываниях.
Формирование знаний об электричестве.
Оборудование: 1. Учебники; 2. Раздаточный материал; 3. Интернет-ресурсы.
Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст (30 минут):
Electricity
It is impossible to imagine our civilization without electricity: economic and social progress will be turned to the past and our daily lives completely transformed.
Electrical power has become universal Thousands of applications of electricity such as lighting, electrochemistry and electrometallurgy are longstanding and unquestionable.
With the appearance of the electrical motor, power cables replaced transmission shafts, gear wheels, belts and pulleys in the 19-th century workshops. And in the home a whole range of various time and labour saving appliances have become a part of our everyday lives.
Other devices are based on specific properties of electricity: electrostatics in the case of photocopying machine and electromagnetism in the case of radar and television. These applications have most widely used.
The first industrial application was in the silver workshops in Paris. The generator — a new compact source of electricity — was also developed there. The generator replaced the batteries and other devices that had been used before.
Electric lighting came into wide use at the end of the last century with the development of the electric lamp by Thomas Edison. Then the transformer was invented, the first electric lines and networks were set up, dynamos and induction motors were designed.
Since the beginning of the 20th century the successful development of electricity has begun throughout the industrial world. The consumption of electricity has doubled every ten years.
Today consumption of electricity per capita is an indicator of the slate of development and economic health of a nation. Electricity has replaced other sources of energy as it has been realized that it offers improved service and reduced cost.
One of the greatest advantages of electricity is that it is clean, easily-regulated and generates no by-products. Applications of electricity now cover all fields of human activity from house washing machines to the latest laser devices. Electricity is the efficient source of some of the most recent technological advances such as the laser and electron beams. Truly electricity provides mankind with the energy of the future.
- Kinds of electricity
Static electricity
• happens when there is a build-up of electrons
• it stays in one place and then jumps to an object
• it does not need a closed circuit to flow
• it is the kind of electricity you feel when you rub your pullover against an object or when you drag your feet over a carpet
• lightning is a form of static electricity
Current electricity
• happens when electrons flow freely between objects
• it needs a conductor—something in which it can flow, like a wire
• current electricity needs a closed circuit
• it is in many electrical appliances in our homes - toasters, TV sets, computers
• a battery is a form of current electricity
Задание 2. Составьте план текста и перескажите его (20 минут).
Задание 3. Напишите 10 вопросов разных типов по тексту (20 минут).
Задание 4. Выскажитесь по одной из следующих тем в 10 предложениях, приводя аргументы (20 минут):
- How batteries work
A battery has liquid or paste in it that helps it produce electric charges. The flat end of the battery has a negative charge and the end with the bump has a positive charge.
When you link a wire between both ends a current flows. When the current passes through a light bulb electric energy is converted into light.
The chemicals in the battery keep the ends charged and the battery going. As times passes, the chemical becomes weaker and weaker and the battery cannot produce any more energy.
- How electricity is produced
Generators are used to transform mechanical energy into electrical energy. A magnet rotates inside a coil of wire. When the magnet moves, an electric current is produced in the wire.
Most power stations use turbines to make the generator rotate. Water is heated to make steam, which pushes the blades of the turbine. Gas, oil or coal can be used to heat the water. Some countries build power stations on rivers, where the moving water pushes the turbine blades.
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Electricity is measured in watts, named after James Watt who invented the steam engine. It would take about 750 watts to equal one horsepower.
A kilowatt-hour is the energy of 1,000 watts that work for one hour. If, for example, you use a 100-watt light bulb for 10 hours you have used 1 kilowatt of electricity.
- How electricity is transported
The electricity produced by a generator travels along cables to a transformer that changes the voltage of electricity. Power lines carry the high-voltage electricity over very long distances. When it reaches your home town another transformer lowers the voltage and smaller power lines bring it to homes, offices and factories.
Критерии:
Оценка «5» - Поставленные задачи (составление аргументированных монологических высказываний, выполнение лексико-грамматических упражнений, чтение, перевод текста, ответы на вопросы) решены полностью, применение лексики адекватно коммуникативной задаче, грамматические ошибки либо отсутствуют, либо не препятствуют решению коммуникативной задачи
Оценка «4» - Коммуникативная задача решена полностью, но понимание текста незначительно затруднено наличием грамматических и/или лексических ошибок.
Оценка «3» - Коммуникативная задача решена, но понимание текста затруднено наличием грубых грамматических ошибок или неадекватным употреблением лексики.
Оценка «2» - Коммуникативная задача не решена ввиду большого количества лексико-грамматических ошибок или недостаточного объема текста.
Литература, рекомендуемая к выполнению практической работы:
1) Восковская А.С., Карпова Т.А. Английский язык. – Ростов н/Д: Феникс, 2014.
2)Агабекян И. Английский язык для СПО. – Ростов н/Дону: Феникс, 2012.
Контрольные вопросы:
- 1. What kinds of electricity do you know? 2. How do batteries work? 3. How electricity is produced? 4. How electricity is measured? 5. What was the first industrial application? 6. What happens when electrons flow freely between objects? 7. What happens when there is a build-up of electrons?
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