Презентация к открытому уроку "Множественное число существительных"

PLURALS

Подготовила преподаватель английского языка

ГУО «Пинковичская средняя школа имени Якуба Коласа» Пинского района, Брестской области,

Лящук Елена Геннадьевна

+s

an apple-apples

+ES (if nouns ending in –s,-ss, -ch,-x,-o)

a tomato-tomatoes

BUT:

radio-radios

piano-pianos

photo-photos

rhino-rhinos

hippo-hippos

video-videos

Nouns ending in a vowel+Y take –s in the plural

a toy-to ys

Nouns ending in consonant+y, drop the –y and take –ies in the plural

a strawberry-strawberr ies

y -i+es

Nouns ending in –f or –fe, drop the f or fe and take –ves in the plural

a leaf-leaves

-f/-fe -v+es

BUT:

chiefs

scarf(ves)

roofs

wharfs(ves)

safes

dwarfs(ves)

cliffs

hoofs(ves)

beliefs

IRREGULAR PLURALS:

a man-men

a woman-women

a child-children

a foot-feet

a tooth-teeth

a goose-geese

a mouse-mice

a louse-lice

an ox-oxen

SOME NOUNS HAVE THE SAME singular and plural forms:

a fish-fish

a deer-deer

a sheep-sheep

a trout-trout

a swine-swine

an aircraft-aircraft

a means-means

Some words which come from foreign languages have special plurals:

• Analysis-analyses
• Appendix-appendices/appendixes
• Bacterium-bacteria
• Basis-bases
• Cactus-cacti/cactuses
• Crisis-crises
• Criterion-criteria
• Diagnosis-diagnoses
• Formula-formulae/formulas
• Fungus-fungi/funguses
• Hypothesis-hypotheses
• Medium-media/mediums
• Phenomenon-phenomena

Noun+preposition+noun, we add –s to the first noun

• a mother-in-law- mother s -in-law

If the first word is man or woman

• a woman-doctor- women-doctors

Noun+adverb, we add –s to the first word

• passer-by-passer s -by

If there is no noun-stem in the compound –s is added to the last element

• Forget-me-not-forget-me-not s

Uncountable nouns(are used in singular):

Mass nouns:

Beer, blood, bread, butter,air, oxygen,corn,flour

Subjects:

History,mathematics,physics

Languages:

Spanish,French,Japanese,Italian

Games:

Baseball,billiards,football,golf,

Diseases:

darts,cricket,rugby

Natural phenomena:

Flu,pneumonia,measles,mumps,

tuberculosis

Darkness,fog,gravity,show

Collective nouns:

Baggage,crockery,cutlery,

Others:

furniture,jewellery,luggage,

Advice,anger,applause,assistance,behavior,business,chaos,countryside,courage,education,evidence,homework,information,knowledge,luck,music,news,peace,progress,seaside,traffic,trouble,truth,wealth,work,summons,

crossroads,rubbish.

machinery,money,rubbish.

Always plural:

people arms

cattle ashes

trousers barracks

jeans clothes

shorts congratulations

shoes outskirts

gloves police

pajamas riches

tights stairs

earrings surroundings

scissors wages

pliers goods

A group of english nouns that can be used as countable or uncountable with a difference in meaning:

Glass(стекло)

a glass(стакан)

Hair(волосы)

a hair(волос)

Iron(железо)

an iron(утюг)

Experience(опыт)

an experience(событие)

Work(работа)

a work(произведение)

Paper(бумага)

a paper(газета)

Collective nouns that can be both singular and plural:

• Army
• Audience
• Class
• Committee
• Company
• Crew
• Crowd
• Government
• Group
• Faculty
• Family

TEam

• Is singular when it is regarded as one unit:

• Is plural when we mean each member of this unit individually:

Our team is winning.

The team are going back to their homes.

Russian nouns that are always plural in russian but are singular and plural in English.

ворота

a gate-gates

сани

a sledge-sledges

каникулы

a vacation-vacations

часы

a watch/clock-watches/clocks