Презентация "Passive Voice"

( страдательный \ пассивный залог )

Read and remember

• В английском языке существуют два способа описывать одни и те же действия: с помощью действительного залога ( The Active Voice ) и страдательного залога ( The Passive Voice ) .

Сравните:

The teacher gave us a lot of homework.

Учитель задал нам большое домашнее задание.

(Подлежащее является действующим лицом в предложении.)

A lot of homework was given to us by our teacher.

Большое домашнее задание было дано нам учителем.

(подлежащее не является действующим лицом.)

• При изменении глагола из действительного залога в страдательный меняется вся конструкция предложения:

Active

Many people in Russia speak English well.

Много людей из России хорошо говорят на английском языке .

Passive

English is spoken well by many people in Russia.

• Англичане предпочитают употреблять пассивную форму глагола в тех случаях, когда более важен объект действия, чем тот, кто это действия совершает. В тех случаях, когда важно, кто (или что) совершил (совершило) действие, используется предлог by:

St. Paul’s Cathedral was built by Sir Christopher Wren.

The clouds are mover by the wind.

• Страдательный залог образуется с помощью глагола to be в нужном лице, числе, времени и III формы основного глагола ( Participle II ) :

to be (am\ Is\ are\ was\ were\ will be) + Participle II (the third form of the verbs.)

She was given flowers by Steve.

The story was told by my grandma.

These apples were bought at the market.

This present will be given to my little sister on her birthday.

PASSIVE FORMS

• Present Simple: am\ is\ are + Participle II – am taken\ is taken \ are taken
• Past Simple: was \ were + Participle II – was taken\ were taken
• Future Simple: will be + Participle II – will be taken

regular verbs: My bike is used every day

irregular verbs: The dress was sold two days ago.

I. Compare the pairs of the sentences with the same meaning. Translate them into Russian. Explain the shades of the sentences in the Active and Passive Voices.

• My granny offered us a cup of tea.
• A woman sent for the police at once.
• G. Byron wrote the poem in 1817.
• A cup of tea was offered to us by my granny.
• We were offered a cup of tea by my granny.

• The police were sent for at once.
• The poem was written by G. Byron in 1817.

II. Find the sentences in Passive Voice. Translate them into Russian.

• 1. Our classmate was seriously ill. The doctor was sent for. He came earlier than he was expected.

• 2. Do you know the American actor who is visiting our town at the moment? He was seen by lost of people in the streets and shops. He was so unusually dressed.

• 3.My elder brother is a student. He was offered a job but he refused. It was not the kind of job he wanted.

• 4.We were asked to stay after lessons. Our teacher wanted to tell us some important news.

III. Express the meanings of the following sentences using the Active Voice.

• 1. The dog was named Martin by my little sister Julia.
• 2.The policeman was expected to enter the room any minute.
• 3.The lost train ticket was looked for by everyone but was not found.
• 4.The idea of a new photo exhibition is good if the pictures are collected by our pupils.
• 5.New Year is celebrated all over the world.
• 6.We were invited to a party by my mum’s relatives.

IV. Translate into Russia. Say which is used in the sentence: Present, Past or Future Simple.

• 1. Russian is spoken by many millions of people.
• 2. The window was opened by my dad.
• 3. Our rooms are cleaned every morning.
• 4.Our new English textbook will be published next year.
• 5. The letters were sent a week ago.
• 6. The first stations of the London Tube were built more that a hundred years ago.
• 7. English and German are taught in lost of schools.
• 8. Who will be asked at Maths lesson today?
• 9. Bread and milk are bought every Friday in our local shop.
• 10. The film was shown shows last year.
• 11. The vegetables were bought at the market on Sunday morning.
• 12. We hope that in the XXI century Russian will be studied in lost of countries.

V. Listen to the poem. Find the verbs in the Passive. Learn the poem.

Then we built a new house,

It was built too fast to tell.

We did the work together,

It was done very well.

We invited all our friends,

Our friends were invited.

All of them came with presents

We were happy and excited.

The wind shook the house,

The house was shaken.

We took what we could,

But not everything was taken

We lost our pets,

And that day they were not found.

The wind broke our house,

It was done very well.