Проект "Русский Шекспир"

  Данный проект  с мультимедийным приложением является демонстрационный материалом к внеклассному мероприятию для старшеклассников «Литературная гостиная. Русский Шекспир», цель которого - развитие интереса к творчеству Шекспира  через восприятие его произведений в русской литературе. Видеоклип и слайды сопровождаются рассказом на английском языке. Между слайдами могут быть прочитаны  несколько сонетов на русском и английском языках.

Муниципальное образовательное учреждение

«Шумиловская средняя общеобразовательная школа»

Имени Валентины Васильевны Смирновой

Приозерского района Ленинградской области

Русский Шекспир

Russian Shakespeare

Авторы проекта:

Алексеев Иван, Иванова Кристина

обучающиеся 11 класса

МОУ «Шумиловская СОШ»

Руководитель:

Амброс Елена Ростиславовна,

учитель английского языка

2023 г.

1. Introduction

 This year on April 23^rd  many countries celebrate a significant date - the 455th anniversary of the birth of the great English poet and playwright William Shakespeare.

Shakespeare’s literary heritage includes 4 poems, 154 sonnets, 37 plays. For several centuries, his plays have been staged in all world-known theatres and screen versions of his works are really innumerable. To perform the part of Hamlet, Othello or King Lear has become the dream of many actors. Therefore, new productions of Shakespeare’s works appear, and the translators again and again turn to his plays, trying to find new interpretations of the characters.

The object of our study is creative heritage of Shakespeare.

The subject of the research is the dramatic works of Shakespeare and the works of Russian classics.

The relevance of this project is that recently students' interest in reading has dramatically decreased, and we would like to show with the help of world classics how literature can help find answers to the “eternal” questions, help cultivate the best human qualities. Being written more than three centuries ago, the works of Shakespeare retain their significance, as they tell us about such vital issues as love and hate, friendship and betrayal, sincerity and flattery, authority and submission, etc., and it is in Russia where Shakespeare is mostly reflected in the works of classic writers. So, the objective of our project work is to develop an interest in the literary heritage of Shakespeare through the perception of his work in Russian literature. To achieve this objective, we put forward the following tasks:

1. To show the images of Shakespeare’s characters in the works of Russian writers

2. To conduct a survey of the 9-11 grades students in order to collect additional information on the research topic.

3. To expand the knowledge of the creative heritage of Shakespeare

The hypothesis of our study is that the ideas of humanism, sung by Shakespeare as the main thoughts of the Renaissance, are reflected in Russian classical literature.

Research methods: theoretical and practical analysis, synthesis, comparative method.

The practical significance of this work will be the possibility of using the materials at the lessons of literature, history and English and the development of the creative abilities of students in the school.

1. The Main Body

It is difficult to overestimate the influence of images created by Shakespeare on the world literature and culture. Russian literature is not an exception. The names of Hamlet, Macbeth, King Lear, Romeo and Juliet have long become proper names. They are used not only in works of art, but also in ordinary speech as a description of any human type. For us Othello is a jealous, Lear is a parent, who was dispossessed by his heirs and Hamlet is a personality torn by internal contradictions.

Alexander Pushkin's fascination with Shakespeare was more than just a hobby or the literary fashion for the English playwright. It was under Shakespeare’s influence that the Russian poet formed a mature view on history and people. Pushkin read and reread the tragedies "Hamlet", "Macbeth", and "Richard III" with special attention. Even in the novel "Eugene Onegin" we feel Shakespearean notes. Lensky in the village cemetery saw

 «Соседа памятник смиренный,

И вздох он пеплу посвятил;

И долго сердцу грустно было.

«Poor Yorick! — молвил он уныло, —

Он на руках меня держал».

   For Mikhail Lermontov, Shakespeare is “an immense genius, penetrating into the heart of a man, into the laws of fate”. In the Lermontov’s drama "Masquerade" we see a clear influence of the tragedy of Shakespeare's Othello.

   Ivan Turgenev called Shakespeare "a giant, a demigod ...". In the image of Hamlet, he saw the features of "extra people". His interpretation of Hamlet Turgenev embodied in many of his characters, and even used the name of Hamlet in the title of the book “Гамлет Щигровского уезда”. More than that, the writer uses the name of another tragic character in the title of his book “Степной Король Лир”.

  The famous Russian playwright A.N. Ostrovsky also quoted Shakespeare and translated Shakespeare's plays into Russian. One of Shakespeare's famous phrases is: “Like forty thousand brothers”. These words Hamlet says by Ophelia's grave: “I loved her like forty thousand brothers can't do”. Qstrovsky used this in the comedy “Лес” when the hero says: “Я нищий, жалкий бродяга, но на сцене я принц. Я мучусь его печалями, плачу его слезами над бедной Офелией и люблю ее, как сорок тысяч братьев”

  For Fyоdor Dostoevsky, Shakespeare is a prophet who came "... to tell us the secret ... of the human soul." Most of all Dostoevsky was attracted by Othello, Hamlet and Falstaff.  He believed that these images have embodied the rejection of the evil, skepticism and nihilism, leading to despair and vices. Dostoevsky’s contemporaries rightly called him" a student of Shakespeare."

   Nikoly Leskov in his work “Смех и горе” reproduces his talk with a poet and exclaims like Hamlet: “За человека страшно! Куда же могут эти суждения и ошибочная жизнь привести нас?!”

   You can also meet the name of Hamlet in Chekhov's story “Иванов”. The main character once says “Есть жалкие люди, которым льстит, когда их называют гамлетами или лишними, но для меня это позор”.

   The traces of Shakespeare’s images can be found in the works of Nicolay Leskov, Alexander Kuprin, Mikhail Prishvin, Leo Tolstoy

   In the 20th century.  the heroes of Shakespeare again began to excite poets. We find them in Alexander Blok’s, Marina Tsvetaeva’s, Boris Pasternak’s works.

In 1928, being greatly impressed by Shakespeare's “Hamlet”, Marina Tsvetaeva wrote her poems: “Ophelia to Hamlet» and “Ophelia in defense of the Queen”. Tsvetaeva's poem “Hamlet’s dialogue with conscience” is in some way a trial of the prince’s cold feelings.

   Alexander Blok, who played the role of a prince in an amateur play, writes about Hamlet’s love:

   Eugeniy Samoylov, Innokenty Smoktunovsky and Vladimir Vysotsky had their own Hamlet each. Vysotsky in the role of Hamlet was a cultural phenomenon of his era. The role became a legend during the life of the actor. Poland, France and Hungary applauded to Hamlet-Vysotsky. In "Hamlet" actor last appeared on stage a few days before his death. And soon after his funeral in Bulgaria, where Vysotsky and "Taganka Theatre» were worshipped, an article with a very eloquent title was published – "His Majesty Vysotsky"...

      The poetess Margarita Aliger relived the drama of Romeo and Juliet in her beautiful poem.

      Thanks to the brilliant translation of Shakespeare into Russian by Boris Pasternak, Samuil  Marshak, Vilgelm Levik, Yuriy Korneev, Polina  Melkova we now perceive Shakespeare as our Russian playwright and poet.

  The works of Shakespeare is a real treasury of human wisdom, an inexhaustible stock of wit and knowledge of human nature. Idioms from his works are quoted in many languages

Shakespeare's vocabulary is really enormous - from 20 to 25 thousand words. According to various sources, he enriched the English language with 1,700–3,000 words - more than his literary contemporaries put together. Today, Shakespeare is the second most quoted author after the Bible.

1. Conclusion

Thus, the project made it possible to understand why Shakespeare's works have not lost their relevance in our days.

 - Without teaching, Shakespeare makes us think about the most important thing.

- His characters are many-sided people with a rich spiritual life.

- Shakespeare demanded to develop the makings of nature.

- He was not abandoned by faith in the triumph of good, which means optimism.

- The heroes of Shakespeare, even making mistakes, do not lose their dignity.

To summarize our work we would like to quote Turgenev: “For us, Shakespeare is not only a huge bright name: it has become our property, it has entered our flesh and blood.”