Раздаточный материал по теме "Сахар"

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Sugar is extracted from the sugar cane and the sugar beet. Cane sugar is manufactured from the sugar cane. In the manufacturing of sugar cane, the first step is crushing of the cane to express the juice. The juice is then clarified usually by heating with lime. The clarified juice is then concentrated in vacuum evaporators to brownish syrup containing about 35 per cent moisture of syrup and crystals.

The crystals are separated from the liquor or molasses by centrifugal machines. The molasses may be evaporated a second and a third time and the crystals are removed. The raw sugar must be washed, treated with lime, filtered, recrystallized, washed and dried to give the familiar refined sugar.

Recovery of crystalline sugar from the sugar beet is not a simple procedure. In its life processes, sugar beet forms many organic substances other than sucrose and takes up organic nutrient elements from the soil. These nonsucrose substances are also brought into solution of sucrose during processing and must be removed. Some are removed by liming and filtering, but those that remain inhibit crystallization of sucrose.

This is how beet sugar is produced. The beets are washed and sliced. The juice which is high in sucrose is leached by hot water. It is then subjected to clarification, filtration, and evaporation, resulting in formation of clear crystals.

Exercise 1

Say in English using the words from the text

сахарный тростник; очищать; быть богатым чем-либо;

сахароза; измельчать; обрабатывать;

сахарная свекла; свекловичный сахар; выпаривать;

нарезать на кусочки; сахар-сырец; приводить к;

патока, вязкая жидкость; вакуумный выпариватель;

меласса; известь.

Exercise 2

Complete the sentences using the words from the text

1. Cane sugar is manufactured from the … .

2. Beet sugar is manufactured from … .

3. In the manufacturing of sugar cane, the first step is … .

4. To produce beet juice the beets are … .

5. This is how beet sugar is … .

Exercise 2

Arrange the process names in the order in which they are described in the text:

а) обработка тростника для получения сахара-сырца:

clarification of the juice; crushing of the cane; separation of crystals from the molasses; concentration of the clarified juice;

b) обработка сахара-сырца для получения рафинированного сахара:

Filtering; treating with lime; washing; recrystallizing; drying; washing;

c) обработка сахарной свеклы для получения сока:

Slicing; leaching; washing;

d) обработка сока сахарной свеклы для получения чистых кристалликов сахара:

Evaporation; clarification; filtration.

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