Reported speech

REPORTED SPEECH

REPORTED SPEECH

• DIRECT SPEECH is the exact words someone said. We use quotation marks in direct speech.

“ I’m very happy!”

• REPORTED SPEECH is the exact meaning of what someone said, but not exact words. We do not use quotation marks in reported speech.

She said that she

was very happy.

REPORTED STATEMENTS

• В косвенной речи личные/притяжательные местоимения изменяются соответственно значению предложения:

ПРЯМАЯ РЕЧЬ: Pete said: “I’ve lost my watch.”

КОСВЕННАЯ РЕЧЬ: Pete said (that) he had lost his watch.

• Мы можем передать чьи-то слова спустя какое-то время ( reporting the past ) (время изменяется) , либо сразу ( up-to-date reporting ) (say/tell употребляются в Present Simple, Future Simple, Present Perfect) :

ПРЯМАЯ РЕЧЬ: Pete said : “I’ ve lost my watch.”

КОСВЕННАЯ РЕЧЬ: Pete said (that) he had lost his watch.

ПРЯМАЯ РЕЧЬ: Pete says: “I’ ve lost my watch.”

КОСВЕННАЯ РЕЧЬ: Pete says (that) he has lost his watch.

REPORTING THE PAST

DIRECT SPEECH

REPORTED SPEECH

PRESENT SIMPLE

PAST SIMPLE

“ I want to learn Japanese.”

She said (that) she wanted to learn Japanese.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

“ We are watching a film.”

PAST CONTINUOUS

They said (that) they were watching a film.

PRESENT PERFECT

PAST PERFECT

“ I have brushed my teeth.”

She said (that) she had brushed her teeth.

REPORTING THE PAST

DIRECT SPEECH

REPORTED SPEECH

PAST SIMPLE

PAST SIMPLE or PAST PERFECT

“ We lost our cat.”

They said (that) they lost/ had lost their cat.

PAST CONTINUOUS

“ He was playing the piano.”

PAST CONTINUOUS or PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

He said (that) he was playing/had been playing the piano.

FUTURE SIMPLE

FUTURE in the Past

“ I will meet you at 7.00.”

She said (that) she would meet me at 7.00.

TIME EXPRESSIONS

• Слова и выражения, обозначающие время, меняются :

NOW – then, immediately

TODAY – that day

YESTERDAY – the day before, the previous day

TOMORROW – the next/following day

THIS WEEK – that week

LAST WEEK – the week before, the previous week

NEXT WEEK – the week after, the following week

AGO – before

HERE - there

• The party is on Friday. (Saturday)

• I thought you said it was on Saturday.

•   I 'll have a cup of tea. (coffee)

• I thought you said  you would have a cup of coffee.

• My dad can pick us up after school. (mum)

I thought you said your mum could pick us up after school. 

• Lisa is doing her homework. (watch TV)

I thought you said Lisa was watching TV. 

• I was planning to go shopping later. (cinema)

I thought you said you were planning on going to the cinema later.

• Tom has bought a car. (motorbike)

I thought you said Tom had bought a motorbike.

• He wants to meet you at 8. (9)

I thought you said he wanted to meet me at 9. 

• I will cook fish for dinner. (beef)

I thought you said you would cook beef for dinner. 

TENSES DO NOT CHANGE WHEN:

• the reporting verbs (say, tell, etc.) is in the Present Simple, Present Perfect, Future Simple:

“ I can’t speak French,” he says.

He says (that) he can’t speak French.

• the speaker expresses general truths, permanent states or conditions:

“ The sun sets in the west,” Mr. Thom said.

Mr. Thom said (that) the sun sets in the west.

• the reported sentence deals with conditionals type 2, 3:

“ I wish I was a film star,” he said.

He said he wished he was a film star.

SAY, TELL, ASK

• SAY – при отсутствии дополнения:

SAY+

(THAT)+

CLAUSE

She said (that) she was very happy.

• SAY TO – при наличии дополнения:

CLAUSE

(THAT)+

PERSONAL OBJECT+

SAY+TO+

She said to me (that) she was very happy.

• TELL – при наличии дополнения:

TELL+

PERSONAL OBJECT+

(THAT)+

CLAUSE

She told me (that) she was very happy.

tell smb

say to smb

say smth

smb-somebody (кому-то)

smth-something (что-то)

Fill in: said or told.

told

• "You can come with me," John........... me.
• He......... that he would be late.
• "She's leaving tomorrow," James...
• "I've ........... you a thousand times."
• "She's playing well," the coach ...
• He ............ to us that it was raining.

said

said

told

said

said

REPORTED QUESTIONS

• Reported questions are introduced with the verbs ask, inquire, wonder or the expression want to know .
• In Wh- questions the reported question is introduced with the same question word:

“ Where are you from?” she asked.

She asked where I was from.

• In reported questions, the question mark ( ? ) and words/expressions such as please, oh, etc . are omitted.

f.ex.

• « When will you be home?», Mum asked me.
• Mum asked me when I would be home.

Прямой порядок слов

3

asked

• " What does the article say ?", Paul _____Susan

• Paul asked Susan what the article said

Прямой порядок слов

5

asked

• " Why don't we study Latin?", Sally _____ the teacher.

• Sally asked the teacher why they didn’t study Latin.

Прямой порядок слов

REPORTED QUESTIONS

• Reported questions are introduced with the verbs ask, inquire, wonder or the expression want to know .

• In Yes/No questions the reported question is introduced with if or whether :

He wanted to know if / whether I wanted to ride to school.

He asked, “ Do you want to ride to school?”

6

asked

• Do you believe in aliens?", he________me.

• He asked me if/whether I believed in aliens.

Прямой порядок слов

REPORTED ORDERS/COMMANDS

• To report orders, commands or introductions, we use the verbs advise , order or tell+smb+(not)Infinitive :

“ Be patient ,” she said to me.

She told me to be patient .

“ Don’t go !” he said to her.

He ordered her not to go.

“ Be careful ,” he said to me.

He advised me to be careful .

2

• " Don't talk on the phone for hours!" she______to Julie.

said

• She said to Julie not to talk .

4

told

• " Text me later this evening!", he ______John.

• He told John to text him later that evening!"