Reported Speech

Reported Speech

Voronina M.V.

Прямая речь – это речь, переданная дословно, без изменений. На письме выделяется кавычками.

“ I am a student” she says.

Косвенная речь – это передача содержания прямой речи в форме пересказа.

She says that she is a student.

При переводе прямой речи в косвенную применяется согласование:

• местоимений

He says “ I am a student”. – He says that he is a student.

• времён

He said “I am very tired”. – He said that he was very tired.

• указателей времени

He said “They will go to the theatre next week ”. – He said that they would go to the theatre the following week.

Согласование времён –

это зависимость времени глагола-сказуемого придаточного предложения от времени глагола-сказуемого главного предложения. 

Direct speech

Reported speech

Present Simple

Past Simple

He said, "I am hungry!"

He said that he was hungry.

Present Progressive

Past Progressive

Mother said, "I am cooking the dinner now“.

Mother said that she was cooking the dinner then.

Present Perfect

Past Perfect

She said, "I have worked hard today“.

She said that she had worked hard that day.

Present Perfect Progressive

Past Perfect Progressive

I said, "My friend has only been working here for 3 months“.

I said that my friend had only been working there for 3 months.

NB! Past Simple может оставаться в косвенной речи без изменений (что характерно для разговорной речи и указано время свершения действия).

При употреблении временных обозначений , (the day before, two years before и т.д.) предпочтительнее использовать Past Perfect.

Direct speech

Reported speech

Past Simple

Past Perfect

She said, "I had a cold a week ago“.

She said that she had had a cold a week before.

Past Progressive

Past Perfect Progressive

Tom said, "I was watching the football match“.

Tom said that he had been watching the football match.

Past Perfect

Past Perfect

My friend said to me, "I had known you before we were introduced to each other“.

My friend told me that he had known me before we were introduced to each other.

Past Perfect Progressive

Past Perfect Progressive

My wife said, "We had been dating for 3 years before we got married“.

My wife said that we had been dating for 3 years before we got married.

Direct speech

Future Simple

Reported speech

Future in the Past

He told me, “You will go to the cinema.”

He told me that I would go to the cinema.

Modal Verbs

Can

Could

May

Will

Might

Would

Have to

Shall

Had to

Would (about future)

Shall

Should (advice)

Direct speech

Reported speech

now

then, at that moment

today

that day

yesterday

the day before, the previous day

tomorrow

the next (following) day

last week

the week before, the previous week

next week

the week after, the following week

ago

before

here

there

this

that

these

those

Если в предложении, вводящем прямую речь, употреблен глагол to say без дополнения (указывающего лицо, к которому обращаются с речью), то глагол to say сохраняется . Если же такое дополнение есть , то глагол to say меняется на глагол to tell.

He said , "Our team lost the game“. – He said that their team had lost the game.

She said to me , "I will wait for you outside“. – She told me that she would wait for me outside.

Сообщение (statements)

Direct speech

Reported speech

Tom said, "I am very tired".

Tom said   he was   very tired.

He said, “I will fly to Moscow tomorrow“.

He said he   would fly   to Moscow   the next day.

При переводе в косвенную речь знаки прямой речи (запятая и кавычки) отсутствуют и действует закон согласования.

Вопрос (Questions)

Direct speech

Reported speech

He asked me, "Do you know Helen?“

He asked me  if  I knew Helen.

She asked me, "Where are you from?“

She asked me  where  I was from.

В общем вопросе (без вопросительного слова) используется союз if или whether, прямой порядок слов и закон согласования.

В специальном вопросе – вопросительное слово остаётся, соблюдается прямой порядок слов и закон согласования.

Просьба или приказ (commands)

Direct speech

Reported speech

He said to me, "Wait for me here“.

He asked me  to wait for him there .

Peter said to Tom, "Don't do it again".

Peter told Tom  not to do it again".

При переводе в косвенную речь употребляется инфинитив (перед глаголом ставится частица to) и закон согласования не действует.

Check Yourself

Задание 1. Переведите предложения из прямой речи в косвенную.

Пример:

She said: “He is my friend” – She said that he was her friend.

• Tom remarked, “I didn’t expect him to be so young.”

• Jane said, “My Dad will be forty next year.”
• Mother answered, “My sons are playing in the yard.”
• Mike noted, “ I called him a few days ago.”
• Sam told me, “I read the books every day.”

Задание 2. Переведите вопросительные предложения из прямой речи в косвенную.

Пример: He said: “Do you know my sister?” – He asked me if I knew his sister.

1. She said: “When are you going to come?”

2. He said: “Who is your favourite actor?”

3. A man said: “Do you have a watch?”

4. My father said: “Where have you been?”

5. Helen said: “Will you be at home?”

Задание 3. Переведите предложения из прямой речи в косвенную.

Пример:

She said: “Open the window!” – She told me to open the window.

1. My mother said: “Put on your coat!”

2. My friend said: “Don’t come tonight.”

3. He said: “Don’t forget to send me an e-mail.”

4. Karrie said: “Call me later.”

5. She said: “Don’t shout at me!”