Тема: Бухгалтерский учёт.

Тема: Бухгалтерский учёт.

Цель: ознакомить студентов с бухгалтерским учётом; практиковать студентов в чтении и письме; развивать навыки монологической речи; воспитывать интерес к изучению иностранного языка.

1. Learn new words:

accounting бухгалтерский учет

record документ, запись, протокол

to record записывать, регистрировать

to measure измерять

transaction сделка, банковская операция

firm’s financial condition финансовое положение фирмы

to provide data обеспечивать данными

creditor кредитор

independent независимый

income statement отчет о доходах

balance sheet балансовый отчет

to receive получать

to spend тратить

ratio analysis анализ коэффициентов

profitability прибыльность

Return on Investment Ratio коэффициент возвращения инвестиций

Efficiency эффективность, производительность

to evaluate оценивать

value ценность, стоимость

ownership собственность

overall financial structure полная финансовая структура

1. Read the text and translate.

Accounting

Accounting shows a financial picture of the firm. An accounting department records and measures the activity of a business. It reports on the effects of the transactions on the firms financial condition. Accounting records give a very important data. It is used by management, stockholders, creditors, independent analysts, banks and government.

Most businesses prepare regularly the two types of records. That is the income statement and balance sheet. These statements show how money was received and spend by the company.

One major tool for the analysis of accounting records is ratio analysis. A ratio analysis is the relationship of two figures. In finance we operate with three main categories of ratios. One ratio deals with profitability, for example, the Return on Investment Ratio. It is used as a measure of a firms operating efficiency.

The second set of ratios deals with assets and liabilities. It helps a company to evaluate its current financial position. The third set of ratios deals with the overall financial structure of the company. It analyses the value of the ownership of the firm.

3. Answer the following questions:

1.     What is the purpose of accounting?

2.     Who uses the data provided by accounting firms?

3.     What are the two types of records which most businesses prepare?

4.     What can you know analyzing the income statement and balance sheet of a company?

5.     What is the purpose of the ratio analysis?

6.     What categories of ratios in finance do you know?