"Выдающиеся ученые"

Famous scientists

8 класс к учебнику « Rainbow English»

Задание 1. Read the text and complete it with the following phrases. Then complete the statements after it.

a) because they thought he wasn't very clever

b) where he lived for the rest of his life

c) in mathematics and physics

d) have changed the way

e) a world-wide celebrity

f) the Nobel Prize for Physics

Albert Einstein: the Greatest Scientist of the 20th Century

Not many people really deserve the title "genius" but Albert Einstein ['ainstain] was one of them. His discoveries ____1____we understand our world today. Albert Einstein was born in Germany in 1879. He was a very slow learner at first. He even had trouble learning to speak! His parents were really worried. As a boy, Albert Einstein was very unhappy at school. His teachers treated him badly ___2___. His marks were usually bad. 

In 1896 Albert went to Zurich to study at one of the best technical universities. There his abilities ___3____began to show. After he graduated in 1902, Einstein took a job at the Swiss Patent Office. 1905 was his "Miracle Year", as he published three important essays including one on the "Special Theory of Relativity". Later Einstein wrote "The Theory of Gravity" and "The General Theory of Relativity". Soon he became ___4____.

In 1914 Einstein moved back to Berlin. In 1921 Einstein was awarded ___5___, and modestly travelled third class to Stockholm to receive it. He used his influence to lecture around Europe and the USA to promote world peace. Soon the Nazis came to power in Germany. So in 1933 he had to go to America ___6___. He died on April 18th, 1955 in New Jersey, leaving behind a new way for us to look at the world.

1.2

1. Albert Einstein

a) was a real genius

b) could hardly be regarded as a genius

c) is a real genius for some people

2. Albert's progress at school

a) was not very good

b) was very good

c) was not good at all

3. Albert's abilities in mathematics became evident during his

a) school years

b) university years

c) college years

4. Einstein worked on his famous theories in the

a) 19th century

b) 20th century

c) 19th and 20th centuries

5. Albert Einstein .

a) thought that only science was important

b) believed that scientists had a duty to protect the world

c) was sure the main aim of any person's life was fighting for peace

Задание 2. Прочитайте текст « Mikhail Lomonosov» на с. 69 упр. 2

Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov (1711—1765) was a Russian scientist and writer who made important contributions to literature, education and science. Among his discoveries was the atmosphere of Venus. His interests lay in chemistry, physics, optics, geography, history and art. His poetry helped to develop the modern Russian language.

Lomonosov was born in the village of Denisovka (now Lomonosovo) near Kholmogory in the far north of Russia. His father, first a fisherman eventually bought a snip and began transporting things from Arkhangelsk to other places. When Mikhail was ten, his father decided that the boy was old enough to help him.

However, young Lomonosov was not interested in the family ousiness Learning was what he wanted. His neighbour had taught him to read and he spent as much time as he could with books, among which there was a grammar book and a book of arithmetic. The knowledge he got at home was not enough for Lomonosov and in 1730, at nineteen he left the village and joined a caravan ['ka2ravan] travelling to Moscow. Here he entered Slavic Greek Latin Academy and lived on bread and water for quite a long time but made rapid progress as a student. He completed a twelve-year study course in only five years, and graduated from the Academy with brilliant results. A fantastic student, he was given an opportunity to go to Saint Petersburg University and later to the University of Marburg in Germany. The latter was among Europe's most important universities in the 18th century. Lomonosov quickly learned German and developed an interest in German literature and philosophy. He seriously studied chemistry and began writing poetry. In Germany Lomonosov got married. The money he got from the Russian Academy of Sciences was not enough for his growing family and he decided to return to St Petersburg. At home he became a member of the Academy, and soon was made professor of chemistry. Wishing to improve education in Russia he and Count Ivan Shuvalov founded Moscow University.

Lomonosov developed a number of important theories and made some brilliant discoveries, wrote poetry some of which is remembered till nowadays.

Decide which of the following is true, false or not stated.

1. Lomonosov was a Russian scientist and writer.

2. Lomonosov was not interested in biology.

3. Lomonosov's father bought goods.

4. Lomonosov was not interested in the family business.

5. Young Lomonosov left home for Moscow because he wanted to receive a good education.

6. He was a talented student and a fast learner.

7. He wrote 150 poems.

8. St Petersburg University was founded before Moscow University.

Задание 3. Read the text «Isaak Newton» and complete the table.

Isaak Newton

Sir Isaak Newton is a world-famous English scientist, who devoted his life to mathematics, physics, astronomy [as'tranami] and other sciences. Newton discovered the law of gravity and many other laws, he developed some very important scientific theories which helped people to un¬derstand and explain a lot of things about the physical world.

Isaak Newton was born in a small village in the east of England in 1642. At school he was interested in mathe¬matics, which he studied later at Cambridge University. In 1655 Newton received his degree and returned home where he did much of his most important work. Here, among other things, he studied optics. His experiments [ik speriments] showed that white light was a mixture of all colours of the rainbow. Many people had seen the colours of the rainbow before but it was Newton who explained that white light was made of those colours. Newton's studies of light led him to build the first reflecting telescope [tehskaupl. Newton also first thought about the law of gravity. The legend says that he discovered this law when an apple fell on his head while he was sitting under a tree in his garden. That's why in many pictures Newton was often shown with an apple in his hand.

Newton understood that the same kind of power that made apples fall from trees also gives objects weight and keeps planets on their orbits. Newton's discoveries are still important for modern science. For example, by studying the spectrum of light from a star scientists can find out what it is made of.

Newton took part in the political life of England and was a member of English Parliament. He didn't have a family and devoted all his life to science. Newton died in 1727 and was buried in Westminster Abbey where there is a monument to this great man. Many scientists all over the world admire his talent and consider him to be the greatest genius in the history of mankind.

Задание 4. Who is it? Albert Einstein, Isaak Newton or Mikhail Lomonosov.

1. He devoted his life to mathematics, physics, astronomy and other sciences.

2. He showed his abilities in mathematics and physics during his study at the technical university.

3. He had to help his father in the family business but he was not interested in it.

4. He lived on bread and water for quite a long time.

5. He build the first reflecting telescope.

6. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics.

7. He made rapid progress as a student.

8. He was a member of English Parliament.

9. He was born in a small village in the east of England.

10. He had to go to America where he lived for the rest of his life.

11. He was born in Germany.

12. He completed a twelve-year study course in only five years, and graduated from the Academy with brilliant results.

13. He was buried in Westminster Abbey.

14. He discovered the law of gravity and many other laws.

15. He wasn't very clever at school and his marks were usually bad.

16. He was a scientist and writer who made important contributions to literature, education and science.

17. He is famous for his important essay "Special Theory of Relativity".

18. His interests lay in chemistry, physics, optics, geography, history and art.

19. At school he was interested in mathematics, which he studied later at Cambridge University.

20. He was given an opportunity to go to the University of Marburg in Germany.