Задание для студентов 205 группы на 27.01.2021

Ознакомьтесь с новыми словами.

automation-автоматизация previously-ранее

sequence-последовательность assembly plant-сборочный завод

non-manufacturing- непроизводственный device-устройство, прибор

resemble- походить efficiency-эффективность

flyball governor-центробежный регулятор steam engine-паровоз

household thermostat-бытовой термостат facilitate-способствовать

punched-перфорированный aid-помощь

demencion-измерение, размеры

Задание 1: Прочитайте и переведите текст.

Automation is the system of manufacture performing certain tasks, previously done by people, by machines only. The sequences of operations are controlled automatically. The most familiar example of a highly automated system is an assembly plant for automobiles or other complex products.

The term automation is also used to describe nonmanufacturing systems in which automatic devices can operate independently of human control. Such devices as automatic pilots, automatic telephone equipment and automated control systems are used to perform various operations much faster and better than could be done by people.

Automated manufacturing had several steps in its development. Mechanization was the first step necessary in the development of automation. The simplification of work made it possible to design and build machines that resembled the motions of the worker. These specialized machines were motorised and they had better production efficiency.

Industrial robots, originally designed only to perform simple tasks in environments dangerous to human workers, are now used to transfer, manipulate, and position both light and heavy workpieces performing all the functions of a transfer machine.

In the 1920s the automobile industry for the first time used an integrated system of production. This method of production was adopted by most car manufacturers and became known as Detroit automation.

The feedback principle is used in all automatic-control mechanisms when machines have ability to correct themselves. The feedback principle has been used for centuries. An outstanding early example is the flyball governor, invented in 1788 by James Watt to control the speed of the steam engine. The common household thermostat is another example of a feedback device.

Using feedback devices, machines can start, stop, speed up, slow down, count, inspect, test, compare, and measure. These operations are commonly applied to a wide variety of production operations.

Computers have greatly facilitated the use of feedback in manufacturing processes. Computers gave rise to the development of numerically controlled machines. The motions of these machines are controlled by punched paper of magnetic tapes. In numerically controlled machining centres machine tools can perform several different machining operations.

More recently, the introduction of microprocessors and computers have made possible the development of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacture (CAD and CAM) technologies. When using these systems a designer draws a part and indicates its dimensions with the help of a mouse, light pen, or other input device. After the drawing has been completed the computer automatically gives the instructions that direct a machining centre to machine the part.

Another development using automation are the flexible manufacturing systems (FMS). A computer in FMS can be used to monitor and control the operation of the whole factory.

Automation has also had an influence on the areas of the economy other than manufacturing. Small computers are used in systems called word processors, which are rapidly becoming a standard part of the modern office. They are used to edit texsts, to type letters and so on.

Задание 2. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту.

1. How is the term automation defined in the text?

2. What is the most «familiar example» of automation given in the text?

3. What was the first step in the development of automation?

4. What were the first robots originally designed for?

5. What was the first industry to adopt the new integrated system of production?

6. What is the feedback principle?

7. What do the abbreviations CAM and CAD stand for?

8. What is FMS?

9. What industries do use automation technologies?

Задание 3. Найдите в тексте и запишите следующие слова и выражения. Find the following words and word combinations in the text:

1. автоматические устройства

2. автоматизированное производство

3. выполнять простые задачи

4. как легкие, так и тяжелые детали

5. интегрированная система производства

6. принцип обратной связи

7. механизм может разгоняться и тормозить

8. компьютер автоматически посылает команды

9. высокоавтоматизированная система

10. непроизводственная система

Задание 4. Сопоставьте фразы и их переводы.Match the phrases and their translation.

1. automation technology a) непродуктивное время

2. non-productive time b) сборочные машины

3. assembly machines c) технология автоматизации

4. fixed automation d) стационарная автоматизация