Презентация по английскому языку на тему "Reported speech" (9 класс)

Mastering Reported Speech

Reported speech, or indirect speech, conveys what someone said without direct quotation. This presentation explores its features and rules. Learn how to transform direct statements, questions, and commands. Improve communication through accurate and effective reporting.

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Key Features of Reported Speech

Pronoun Changes

Verb Tense Adjustments

Reporting Verbs

Pronouns shift to reflect the new speaker's perspective.

Tenses often backshift to match the reporting context.

Verbs like "say," "tell," and "ask" introduce reported speech.

Reported speech involves specific changes to pronouns, verb tenses, and the use of reporting verbs. Understanding these features is crucial for accurate communication.

Rules for Changing Tenses

Backshifting

Adjust past tenses when reporting speech.

Present to Past

"I am" becomes "He said he was."

Exceptions

Universal truths require no change.

Tense changes are essential in reported speech, with backshifting being a key rule. However, universal truths and unchanging facts do not require tense modification.

Adjusting Pronouns and Possessives

Speaker Shift

Perspective

Change pronouns to reflect the new speaker.

Adjust possessives to match the changed perspective.

Example

"I like your book" becomes "She said she liked my book."

Pronouns and possessives must be adjusted to reflect the change in speaker and listener. This ensures the reported speech remains clear and contextually accurate.

Changing Time and Place References

"Today" → "That day"

Essential Vocabulary

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2

3

"Here" → "There"

Time and place references need adjustment to align with the new context. "Today" becomes "that day," and "here" becomes "there." Use appropriate vocabulary to ensure clarity.

Reporting Statements

Structure

Example

Reporting verb + "that"-clause

"She is happy" → "He said that she was happy."

Clarity

Maintain accuracy and clarity.

Use a reporting verb followed by a "that"-clause. Maintain clarity and accuracy to avoid misrepresentation. This structure ensures effective communication.

Reporting Questions

Yes/No

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"If" or "Whether"

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Wh-Questions

Use "if" or "whether" for yes/no questions in reported speech. Maintain the question word for Wh-questions, but change the word order. Ensure accuracy in transformation.

Reporting Commands and Requests

"Tell" or "Ask"

Use appropriate reporting verbs.

"To" + Infinitive

Change verb forms accordingly.

Example

"Close the door" → "She told him to close the door."

Use reporting verbs like "tell" or "ask" for commands and requests. Change the verb form to "to" + infinitive. Clarity is crucial when transforming commands.

Common Mistakes

Pronouns

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Misplacing references.

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Backshifting

Overlooking rules.

Modal Verbs

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Incorrect reporting.

Avoid overlooking backshifting rules and misplacing pronoun references. Incorrectly reporting modal verbs is another common error. Being aware of these mistakes helps improve accuracy.

Practice and Application

Conversations

Articles

Media

Practice with real-life examples from conversations, articles, and media. Mastering reported speech requires consistent application in daily use. These exercises help improve proficiency.