Проект "Natural disasters"

Проект по английскому языку

« NATURAL DISASTERS»

Выполнил:

Ковалев Кирилл, ученик 9 класса

Руководитель:

Мартынова Надежда Леонидовна,

учитель английского языка

2020г

Contents

1. Introduction

2. Floods

3. Tornadoes

4. Hurricanes

5. Earthquakes

6. Volcanoes

7. Conclusion

8. The sources of information

INTRODUCTION

Natural disasters such as floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunami are becoming more and more frequent on our planet. In short description a natural disaster is a result of a natural hazard, which has a negative effect on human beings. Natural disasters can damage houses, destroy fields, kill animals and people. At the English lessons we learnt about the natural disasters. I understood that the Earth is a dangerous place and I got interested in this problem. I tried to find more information about natural disasters and find out if people can predict such things and save their lives.

The aim: to find more information about Natural disasters, find out the peculiar features of these natural phenomena and the ways of protection.

Floods

All the known disasters have unique nature and should be approached separately.

A flood is a large amount of water which quickly covers a place that is usually dry land.

Floods happen when there is more water in a river or lake than that body of water can handle. This extra water spills out onto the land causing a disaster. Floods usually happen after severe rainstorms or after a sudden melting of snow.

The damaging effects of a flood can be great. Flood waters destroy everything in their way: buildings, bridges and roadways. Entire crops can be ruined. People and animals can die from drowning. There is often enough time for people to leave their homes, to move their animals and cars to higher ground. But sometimes people do not have time for it because the water in rivers rises very fast and people are affected with panic. Then they are needed help.

I have read an extract from the book «The hungry yellow lion» after B. Dunlop. The author describes how rainstorms made a quiet narrow river «a roaring yellow lion running away down the valley» .It was a disaster for the farmers, they could not save all their animals as the water did not go down .The river swallowed many cows and calves and was going to swallow the farmers. But fortunately the people were saved by their neighbour Ted Jackson. The description of the flood is very vivid and you feel as if you were there.

Emergency workers pick the people up in boats and take them to evacuation camps.

People save their pets

Even after flood waters retreat, the problems continue. Water can be dangerous to drink, people can get sick from diseases, and there can be food shortages. Economic difficulties can be felt for years. People have to spend a lot of money to rebuild their houses. The flood in Irkutsk region in 2019 was disastrous. Many people lost their homes and unluckily some people (25) were drowned. 5,4 thousand houses were destroyed. More than 2600 people were evacuated. The damage was estimated in the amount of 35 milliard roubles.

After the emergency has passed, cleaning up begins

Countries which suffer from floods have found ways to control destructive flood waters by building huge mechanical barriers to protect them. People can build up the riverbanks with sandbags to limit the amount of water that will overflow.

New Year 2011 Australian Queensland met under water . The flood caused by tropical cyclone flooded the area equal to France and Germany combined. The government estimated the damage at $ 10 billion.

The Flood in China, in 1931 , about 145 thousand - 4 million dead . From 1928 to 1930 , China has suffered from severe drought . But at the end of winter 1930 continuing heavy rain began .In the Yangtze River in July alone the water rose 70 sm. Lost about 4 million people.

In 1970 the worst flood occurred in the delta of the Ganges in India. It claimed the lives of five hundred thousand people. His reason was the water of the river Kosi and monsoon rains . Breaking the dam , the river Kosi changed the course and flooded a vast region that had never been exposed to floods.

In 1927 there was a flood in America , called "the Great ." The waters of the Mississippi overflowed because of the heavy rains. Flooding affected the area of ten states. In order to avoid exposing the flooding of New Orleans , it was decided to blow up the dam near the town . As a result , other areas were flooded . About five hundred thousand people died.

Tornadoes

Tornadoes are one of nature’s most violent storms, and they happen in various parts of the world. They can form at any time of the year, although many occur in the spring. A tornado is a spinning, whirling wind. It is a bit like watching water disappear down the plughole in your bathtub. If the huge, twisting rope of air hits the ground, it may cause great damage. Tornadoes can reach speeds of more than 250 mph, ripping roofs from houses, uprooting trees, and tossing heavy objects like cars in the air. In 1971, a meteorologist named Theodore Fujita developed a scale to show how strong tornadoes are. His scale goes from F0 to F5. It doesn’t calculate strength based on wind speeds but the damage a tornado causes to homes and other buildings.

Tornadoes in Bangladesh

The most deadly in history was a tornado that struck on the 26th of April 1989 on Bangladesh. This is one of the countries where along with the United States and Canada tornadoes occur frequently.

Tornado radius was 1.5 km and 80 km ,it affected the district which is located in the center of the country in Dhaka. The tornado killed 1.3 thousand people, 12 thousand were injured.

Tornado was so devastating that easily lifted into the air the cars and destroyed the houses. Some cities were completely destroyed. As many as 80,000 people became homeless.

The consequences of tornadoes

Hurricanes

A hurricane is a very violent wind or storm. It is often referred to as hurricanes and tropical cyclones , especially in North and South America. It is believed that the storm becomes a hurricane when wind speeds over 120 kilometers per hour and if the speed is 180 kilometers per hour the hurricane is considered as a strong hurricane. The most dangerous of hurricanes are those formed off the coast.

The consequences of the of Hurricane "Sandy", New York

Earthquakes

An earthquake is a sudden shaking of the ground. It is the result of a sudden collision among the tectonic plates of the Earth. Such collision leads to massive and occasionally deathly vibrations.

The earthquake in Nepal

Emergency workers try to find people who are alive.

Tsunami is often caused by an earthquake in the sea.

The earthquake in Japan, Fukusima.

The number of victims of the earthquake and tsunami in Fukusima is more than15.000 people.

Volcanoes

A volcano is a mountain with a hole called a crater in the top. Sometimes lava and gases are released from the crater.

The consequences of the volcanic eruption in Japan.

Conclusion.

I have known much about natural disasters and I would like my classmates to know about such things, that is why I have prepared this project.

Recent scientific investigations show that, as the global temperatures continue to warm due to climate change, the number and intensity of natural disasters and extreme situations might increase.

I think that learning about these specific threats and measures which should be taken can save many lives. Being aware of possible dangers people should be prepared to protect themselves and their families. Every person should

make an emergency plan and have a supply kit. It is easier to prevent a disaster, that is why we should listen to the prognostications of scientists about possible disasters.

Источники:

1. Ю.Э Ваулина, В. Эванс, Дж.Дули Учебник английского языка для 8 класса «Английский в фокусе». – М.: Просвещение, 2012.

2. М.З.Биболетова,Н.Н.Трубанева Учебник английского языка , 8 класс. – Обнинск,: Титул,2014.

3. Картинки.(дата обращения: 23.02.2020.).

https://www.google.ru/imghp

4. https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/

Ковалев Кирилл , 9 кл.