Защита окружающей среды

Domestic garbage- Residential waste

Deforestation-The process of destroying a forest and replacing it with something else, especially by an agricultural system.

Air pollution- The contamination of the atmosphere by noxious gases and particulates

Acid rain - Rain mixed with acids formed by gases released into the atmosphere when fossil fuels are burned.

water pollution - pollution of the water in rivers and lakes

pollution - the introduction of contaminants into an environment that causes instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the ecosystem

Pesticides- a chemical used to kill pests (as rodents or insects a chemical used to kill pests (as rodents or insects)

garbage- waste

nuclear waste- The radioactive products formed by fission and neutron transmutation of materials in a reactor

ozone hole- a region of the stratosphere over Antarctica (and a smaller one over the Arctic) that is depleted of ozone .

landfill- a location for the disposal of human waste be it domestic, commercial or industrial

oil spill- the release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment due to human activity

industrial waste- Wastes from any factory, transportation apparatus, from scientific research, dredging, sewage and scrap metal.

greenhouse effect- increase in temperature caused when incoming solar radiation is passed but outgoing thermal radiation is blocked by the atmosphere

hurricane- an intense, rotating oceanic weather system that possesses maximum sustained winds exceeding 119 km/hr (74 mph)

global warming- warming that results when solar radiation is trapped by the atmosphere

Environmental Pollution

There are three types of environmental pollution: air, ground, and water pollution.

Air pollution

Acid rain

Historically, air pollution comes from industries and transport. Factories, power stations and cars burn oil and coal. This rises into the air as different forms of sulphur and nitrogen. The sulphur and nitrogen combine with water in the air to make sulphuric or nitric acid. This falls to the ground as acid rain.

We burn large quantities of coal and oil, and this creates millions of tonnes of acid rain. The wind carries the rain long distances, and this creates problems. One country makes acid rain, and it falls to the ground in another country, for example, Canada gets a lot of acid rain from the USA, and Norway gets a lot of acid rain from Britain.

The greenhouse effect

Industrial countries also cause the greenhouse effect (also called “global warming” or “climate change”). Burning coal and oil produces carbon dioxide (CO2). The (CO2) increases in the Earth’s atmosphere, and retains heat from the sun (it works like the glass in a greenhouse- it lets heat in, but doesn’t let the heat out).

The Earth is getting hotter. Weather patterns are changing: some places have no water for years, and some places have floods. When a country has no water, the effects are very hard- in Chile in 1999, the result was electricity cuts around the country. There was no water for the hydro-electric power stations.

Ozone layer depletion

The ozone layer is a band of gas around the Earth. It protects us from dangerous ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. It is vital to human and animal survival.

Unfortunately, we are producing chemicals which destroy the ozone layer. The damage starts in the Antarctic and spreads. Sheep in the Magallanes are becoming blind because the ozone layer is thinner. In Australia, a lot of people are getting skin cancer from the sun.

Pre-reading

1. Think of three environmental problems. Write:

1. the name of the problems

2. any information you have about the problems

Reading

1. Read the texts quickly. Which problems are described here? Is the writer worried or not worried about them?

2. Find these words in the text. Match them with their meanings.

a) pollution …. a factory which produces electricity

b) climate …. world’s weather patterns

c) power station …. energy from the sun

d) acid rain …. rising temperatures around the world

e) greenhouse effect …. rain containing chemicals which pollute the

environment.

f) radiation …. Something that makes the earth, air or water

dirty and dangerous.

1. Are the statements True or False?

• ….. The page is from a magazine

• ….. The text describes different types of air pollution

• ….. Canada sends acid rain to the USA

• ….. Global warming is also called climate change

• ….. Industrial countries cause the “greenhouse effect”

• ….. You can see the effects of ozone layer depletion in Chile

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION QUIZ

1. Which of the following is NOT usually included in the three "R's" of recycling?
   a. Reduce

b. Reuse

c. Recycle

d. Reclaim

2. Commercial whaling is outlawed around the world. True or False.
a. True

b. False

3. Which of the following endangered birds is the United States' national symbol?
a. Bald Eagle

b. California Condor

c. Northern Spotted Owl

4. Which of the following types of energy produces the least pollution?
a. Coal

b. Natural Gas

c. Oil

d. Wind

5. When is the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere expected to double from pre-industrial levels?
a. It already has doubled

b. Mid to late 21st century

c. The early 22nd century

d None of the above

6. By approximately how much did the world warm during the 20th century?

1. 3 degrees Fahrenheite (ca 1.6 Celcius)

2. 1 degrees Fahrenheit (ca 0.6 Celcius)

3. 5 degrees Fahrenheite (ca 2.7 Celcius)

4. 2.5 degrees Fahrenheit (ca 1.25 Celcius)

7. For the world as a whole, has precipitation increased, decreased, or stayed the same during the past century?

1. Increased

2. Decreased

3. Stayed the Same

4. Trick Question

8. Where do greenhouse gases trap energy?

1. In the atmosphere

2. In the mountains

3. In outer space

4. In the soil.

9. At what time in history did humans start to add lots of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere?

1. The little Ice Age

2. The Great Depression

3. The Industrial Revolution

4. The Jurassic Period

10. Which one of these is a greenhouse gas?
Oxygen

1. Platinum

2. Methane

3. Helium

11. Where is global warming expected to have the largest impact?

1. High latitudes like the Arctic

2. Mid latitudes like the Great Plains

3. Low latitudes like the Southwest

4. The Equator

12. Which continent is likely to be the most vulnerable to climate change?

1. North America

2. South America

3. Africa

4. Europe

13. Which of the following is not a significant source of methane?

1. Cattle

2. Landfills

3. Rice paddies

4. Nitrogen fertilizers

14. The elimination of a species from an island, local area, or region.

1. Extirpation

2. Extinction

3. Feral

4. All of the above

15. The movement of animals, fish and birds in search of food or shelter, often on an annual basis according to the seasons.

1. Alienation

2. Immigration

3. Migration

4. Vacation

16. A species officially recognized to be in immediate danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

1. Critical Species

2. Threatened Species

3. Enlightened Species

4. Endangered Species

17. The ozone layer functions to

1. protect the Earth from asteroids

2. make the sky blue

3. filter out ultraviolet radiation

4. prevent global warming

18. CFC is short for

1. cold fired crystals

2. chlorofluorocarbon

3. carbon free chlorine

4. clear freon containers

19. CFCs are harmful because they

1. destroy ozone

2. cause cancer

3. kill plants

4. melt ice caps

20. Which continent has an ozone hole over it?

1. Antarctica

2. Australia

3. Europe

4. North America

Environmental Protection Quiz Keys: 1d 2a 3a 4d 5b 6b 7ª

8a 9c 10c 11a 12c 13d 14a 15c 16d 17c 18b 19a 20ª

SIBERIAN TIGER

ORANGUTAN

OCELOT

LYNX

LEOPARD

KOALA

GOLDEN LION TAMARIND

Find 40 Endangered Animals. The words are hidden in the puzzle.

31. ______________

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30. ______________

11. ______________

12. ______________

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20. ______________

1. ______________

2. ______________

3. ______________

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9. ______________

10. ______________

key:

Match the following pictures with its corresponding type of pollution.

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( )

( )

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( 1 ) Soil Pollution

( )

( )

( 2 ) Noise Pollution

( )

( )

( ) ( )

drought- temporary abnormalities determined by deficient precipitation

flood- A form of natural disaster when there is more water than the lakes, rivers, oceans, or ground can hold

exhaust fumes - gases ejected from an engine as waste products

endangered species- species whose numbers are so small that the species is at risk of extinction